Speech, also known as speech or speech, refers to a kind of language communication activity in public, in which vocal language is the main means and body language is the auxiliary means, aiming at a specific problem, clearly and completely expressing one's views and opinions, clarifying things or expressing emotions, and carrying out propaganda and agitation. The following are my speech skills. Let's have a look.
Why should we understand and master the audience? This is because:
First of all, the audience is an indispensable and important aspect of speech activities. Speech is a two-way communication between the speaker and the audience. The speaker is the disseminator of information, and the audience is the receiver of information. When the speaker leaves the audience, he loses the audience, and the speech activity cannot be carried out.
Second, understanding and mastering the audience is an objective requirement to achieve the purpose of the speech. The purpose of the speech is to persuade the audience to change their attitude and act according to the speaker's intention. This requires the speaker to have the intention to act. This requires the speaker to understand the psychology, demands and hopes of the audience, as well as their attitude towards your point of view, so that you can make a targeted speech.
Third, although the audience is in the position of object in speech activities, it is by no means a passive "receiver", but an active participant with subjective initiative. If the audience is very interested in the content of the speech, they will adopt a positive and enthusiastic cooperative attitude; On the contrary, a cold or even hostile attitude will be adopted, and the speech will not be successful. Therefore, the speaker must try to arouse the excitement and creativity of the audience on the basis of understanding the audience, in order to achieve the ultimate goal.
It can be seen that a successful speaker should not only make the speech a part of the audience, but also make the audience a part of his speech, and the first thing is to understand and master the psychological characteristics of the audience. Generally speaking, the psychology of the audience mainly has the following four characteristics:
1, the audience's attitude towards the speech is influenced by themselves. For the same content of the same speaker, the audience takes different attitudes because of their respective attitudes.
2. The audience has special psychological needs. Every listener's psychological needs for listening to a speech are related to his immediate interests. There is always hope to learn, broaden one's horizons and solve the reality.
3. Audience psychology is the contradictory unity of independent consciousness and conformity psychology. In other words, the audience has an independent consciousness of independent thinking, which is not only superior, but also full of bookishness; On the other hand, it is influenced by other listeners to change their views.
4. The audience's acceptance of information is selective. Listening to lectures is a comprehensive psychological activity of hearing, visual organs and brain. It is based on existing experience, knowledge and psychological expectation, so it has a strong subjective color and selectivity.
The first is selective attention, that is, only pay attention to those parts they know, are interested in, are related to or are eager to know;
Secondly, selective memory, that is, it is easy to remember the information you want to remember and forget the information you don't like; Once again, it is selective acceptance, that is, willingness to accept those views that are consistent with oneself.
Understand the psychological needs of the audience through the following methods: 1, through the leadership of your audience's unit; 2. Through public opinion in a certain region and period; 3, by holding a small forum or talking to the audience individually; 4. Ask questions and interrupt during the speech.
Judging from the purpose of attending Toastmasters, the audience can be roughly divided into the following six types:
(1) had to come. In the meeting place for work report, experience exchange and various celebrations, quite a few listeners have to come out of discipline or courtesy. This kind of audience doesn't care much about the content of the speech, and is absent-minded and indifferent during the speech. To conquer this kind of audience, the speaker must have superb speech skills.
(2) knowledge. In order to gain new knowledge and ability, the audience will consciously choose those speeches that can satisfy their thirst for knowledge. Academic lectures, technical guidance, foreign knowledge and other lectures can attract a large number of listeners precisely because these speeches satisfy the audience's thirst for knowledge. As long as the content of this kind of speech is substantial and clear, the audience will generally not be too picky about the speech skills.
(3) have questions. Listeners are always interested in the topics they are eager to know. Such as salary adjustment, health care questions and answers, product introduction and other speeches, if they are related to the immediate interests of the audience, the audience will actively participate in the speech exchange process. This kind of audience only asks the speaker to explain the content of the speech clearly, and they don't have strict requirements on the identity, status and speech level of the speaker.
(4) entertainment. Young people like the speech contest because the speech venue is full of fierce competition and warm atmosphere, which is entertaining to some extent. Just "watching the excitement" attracted many enthusiastic listeners. However, in the subconscious of the audience who come to entertain, there are still some listeners who hide their worship of high-level speakers and their desire to learn to speak. This is an excellent audience.
Come and join us. In some speeches, especially in propositional speech contests, classmates, colleagues and relatives of some speakers often come to cheer and join in. Although the number of this kind of audience is small, it can play an extremely important role in rendering the atmosphere of the lecture venue and mobilizing the emotions of other audiences. Like sports competitions, the host often occupies an advantageous position because of "geographical location and harmony", mainly because it has its own supporters.
(6) come here. The general public has a kind of worship and admiration for all kinds of celebrities. Therefore, when speaking in front of famous politicians, scientists, speakers, sports stars, movie stars, etc. There will often be a large audience who admire you. Most of these listeners want to see celebrities, and they generally don't care much about the level of speech. At the same time, the potential worship often causes the speeches of celebrities to arouse extremely enthusiastic response in the audience.
Professional presentation skills
Anyone who has had the experience of public speaking knows that few people can get on the podium with peace of mind and confidence. Even if you are in the throat, even if you are deeply honored or volunteered, as the date of the speech approaches, most speakers will feel uneasy: am I fully prepared? Will the audience like it? Will I forget all about my speech as soon as I take the stage?
There are many reasons for stage fright, which often vary from person to person. But the following reasons are extremely common:
1, evaluating anxiety.
This is the most important factor that causes stage fright. Modern psychology believes that it is generally difficult for people to play their original level in any evaluation situation. Most people are not very satisfied with their performance on the first date. In the speech, because the evaluation is one-way, that is, the audience is "judging" the speaker, so the speaker has more worries and heavier psychological burden.
2. The status of the audience.
If the audience we are facing is higher than us, or we think it is more important than us, we feel particularly nervous when we speak. The performance of job seekers in front of the evaluation team is often unnatural, on the one hand, because of evaluation anxiety, on the other hand, because the evaluation team is in power.
3. Number of listeners.
Most people are willing to talk in a "small range". If the audience is large, the speaker will be more cautious. Because they think that once they make a mistake or behave badly, "so many people" will know immediately. Excessive caution increases the possibility and degree of stage fright.
4. Familiarity with the audience.
Most people speak naturally in front of "acquaintances". The reason why we are nervous in front of strange audiences is that we know almost nothing about them, and they will judge us in dozens or even ten minutes.
5. The audience's perspective.
If you know that the audience or most of them agree with your point of view, you will be confident. On the contrary, you will have many concerns.
6. Whether the preparation is sufficient.
If the speaker himself feels that he is not fully prepared for the speech and may make a fool of himself, then his self-protection consciousness is likely to betray him.
Above we analyzed the main reasons of stage fright psychology, and below we introduced several "drugs".
1, fully prepared.
The most powerful weapon to deal with stage fright is to tell yourself sincerely that you have made full preparations for this speech: your topic is very attractive not only to yourself, but also to the audience; You have carefully considered this problem and collected all the necessary information; Your speech is closely related to the theme and arranged in an orderly manner; After repeated drills, you have been able to grasp the speech time just right; You are full of confidence in your appearance and on-site performance; You have the ability to deal with all kinds of unexpected situations during the speech.
2. adapt to change.
What would you do if you were going to give a speech to twenty or thirty people and found that there were two or three hundred people in the audience? You have prepared a very formal speech. When you walk on the stage, you find that everyone is wearing jeans and T-shirts. what do you think? You prepared the content for two hours, but the host told you that you only had fifteen minutes to speak before the game. What should you do? This situation is no accident in the speech. So, if you are invited to give a speech, don't forget to collect the following information in advance:
1 Is there a fixed topic? Scope of the topic?
2. The composition of the audience (including number, age, gender, education level, religious belief, nature of work and reasons for attending the speech, etc.). );
3 Speech
Location (including its geographical location, venue size, whether there are internal facilities such as microphones), if possible, it is best to go to the lecture site in person.
Take a look and you will know; 4 speech time; Are there any questions from the audience?
3. Practice relaxation.
If you are still nervous before giving a speech, here are some ways to help you relax:
(1) Take a deep breath.
The purpose of deep breathing is to provide you with enough oxygen to help you control your voice better in your speech. The "breathing" mentioned here of course refers to abdominal breathing rather than lung breathing. Singers and actors all know the importance of abdominal breathing in controlling sound.
(2) Muscle strength balance exercises.
Muscle strength balance exercise refers to consciously making muscles in a certain part of the body tense and relax regularly. For example, you can clench your fist first and then loosen it; You can also fix your feet, do leg press, and then relax. The purpose of muscle strength balance exercise is to make a certain part of your muscles tense for a while, and then you can not only relax that part of your muscles better, but also relax your whole body and mind better.
(3) divert attention.
Listen to the opinions of the host and audience before the speech, so that you can temporarily divert your attention and relax yourself better.
4. Have a sense of humor.
Humor is the joke in a speech. Excellent speaker and attractive speech content, only the right humor can create a successful speech. So when you are attacked by stage fright, you might as well be humorous and free yourself from the relaxed laughter of the audience.
Speech is an adventure. There are always fears in the career of adventurers, but successful adventurers have ways to deal with them. You should always keep this in mind when making a speech.
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