Enter the gate and walk 10 meters to Chi Pan. A three-hole stone arch bridge spans Chi Pan. Stone arch bridge is12.4m long and 3.55m wide. All-stone arch bridge has three holes, the middle hole spans 3 meters, the left and right holes span 2.5 meters, and the slope of the bridge is 25. The whole bridge deck is paved with pentagonal stones, and rectangular stone slabs are used as guardrails on both sides of the bridge deck, and 1 1 stone columns are evenly distributed on each side. The stigma is hollowed out as decoration, some are carved into double dragon pearls, and some are double phoenix sunrises. Ancient artists' hollow-out and round carving techniques are vigorous and delicate.
There are 12 stone reliefs on each side between the columns, each of which is about 1 m high and 0.8 m wide, and is engraved with some historical allusions of ancient folk stories. Have a plenty of zodiac animals, flowers, birds, fish, insects, dragons and phoenixes, rhinoceroses, seahorses and so on. These carving techniques fully reflect the relationship between human body, environment and utensils, as well as the folding and twisting of clothes and skirts, making the lines smooth and exquisite.
The basin under the three-hole stone arch bridge consists of two sectors, which are distributed on the east and west sides of the stone arch bridge, with a radius of 9.2 meters and an arc length of 15.9 meters. Surrounded by a stone fence, there are columns carved every 0.8 meters on the stone fence, and there is a row of carved small stone lions on the stigma near the north. For example, the sentry of Lugouqiao. The stigma on the south side of the watchtower is a lotus flower in bud. Like lotus flowers, these stone lions are exquisitely carved and lifelike. There are a pair of large stone lions with a height of over 1 m at the north and south ends of Chi Pan, and the cornerstone under the stone lion is engraved with one of the twenty-four filial piety, Dashun plowing the field, Wang Xiang lying on the ice and so on. On each side. Patterns are engraved on each side in turn. The carver is exquisite and the craft is fine. At the water inlet of Chi Pan, stone faucets are carved on the east and west sides, and the water in the pond flows into Chi Pan from Shilongkou. The water spat out by Shilong is that some skilled craftsmen plug the water from underground into a closed culvert, which is like the dragon's body, and the water drips from the dragon's body into the mouth of the stone faucet. In the rainy season, the water in Longkou gushes out, which is wonderful and vivid.
Walking 30 meters from the north, a magnificent and beautifully structured Lingxing Gate stands in front of us. Lingxingmen is a wooden and stone gatehouse with three bays, with a height of10m and a width of15m. It rests on the top of the mountain, with double cornices, and the lower layer is covered by the upper layer on the left and right sides. The top is paved with glazed tiles, and there are dragon-shaped kisses at the front and rear ends. Each vertical ridge is also equipped with a vertical arch, and several bucket arches are used under the eaves, and colored patterns are painted between the beams and the eaves. There are hollow wood carvings such as golden rooster, peony, dragon and phoenix in the middle of each side, which are arranged properly and elegant. The lower part of the brand's four columns is wrapped with a masonry foundation wall with a height of1.4m; The upper part is exposed and directly supports the roof of the square. There are a pair of big stone lions on each side, one facing south and the other facing north, which are heroic and magnificent. The stone lion base is about1.8m.. On the pedestal, there are sculptures of animals playing with two dragons. The phoenix rises in the morning, the deer looks at the golden bell, the rhinoceros looks at the moon and people. In the sculpture, there are couples drinking, horses and chariots cruising and so on. These sculptures and paintings show their postures and paintings. It is true that carving dragons makes dragonflies fly to the sky, and painting phoenix makes a long sound. The plaque in the center of the square is engraved with the words "Xingxingmen" inscribed by Hong Yuncheng of Guangxu Gong Sheng. The two side doors are engraved with four seal characters of Jinsheng and Yuzhen respectively. These three plaques are all written in gold on a red background. The whole Lingxingmen is ingenious in conception, harmonious in shape, solemn and magnificent, and quite charming. It is magnificent from a distance and beautiful from a close look.
30 meters away from Xing Xingmen is Dachengmen, which is located on the central axis between Dacheng Hall and Xing Xingmen. Dacheng Gate is a civil structure building, with three bays, east-west gables, single eaves and hard hilltops, and square carved steps hanging from eaves columns. There are all kinds of beautifully carved Yunlong figures on the eaves. The base of Dachengmen is 1 m high and covered with bluestone. The steep stone slabs on the north and south sides are carved with floral reliefs. These reliefs are clear in texture and full of ecological sense. On the Dongshan wall of the big city gate, there is a stone tablet built in the past dynasties, which records the history of this temple. There is an original painting of Zhao Mengfu (Zi Ang), a famous painter in Yuan Dynasty, under the Western Wall, which is a book about Fan Zhongyan's motto. Its content is roughly: Fan Zhongyan's experience of loyalty and forgiveness. This monument is very precious. The stone tablet is also engraved with the source of Zhao Mengfu's original work and the protection of the stone tablet in past dynasties. According to records, this stone tablet was carved on the stone tablet by Liu Maogong when Jia Pingyue visited Zhao Mengfu, Xing Wu in the Wuwu Year (138 1), and the calligraphy was beautiful and vigorous. This monument was originally in the old city. When it was moved to the city, with the relocation of the new government, it was embedded in the ruins of the Confucius Temple.
In the courtyard on the east and west sides of the gate, a row of three bedrooms were built on each side of the original main hall. The three bedrooms in the east were dedicated to famous ministers, and the three bedrooms in the west were ancestral halls dedicated to rural sages, which enshrined the famous ministers of Chengjiang Prefecture and the prestigious memorial tablet of rural sages. There is an aisle between the big city gate and the east and west, and there is a moon palace gate leading to the big city hall. Usually you can't enter from Dacheng Gate, but you can only enter Dacheng Hall from both sides.
Dacheng Hall is the tallest building in the temple complex, with a height of 18m, five bays, a total width of 28m and a depth of 20m. The soil-binding structure is a double-eaved girder frame, with no bucket arch and high lifting frame. The temple is magnificent, simple and solemn, and integrated. There are 26 vermilion pillars and 20 Doumen in the temple, all carved with dragons and phoenixes. Revealed layer by layer, the dragon and phoenix carvings really have the charm of dragons winding and phoenix dancing with wings spread. Surrounded by two big golden dragons in front of the temple, the dragon melon is full of strength, and the dragon body is curved and magnificent. There are birds and animals carved on the eaves, which are beautifully carved, with clear texture, unique features and three-dimensional sense.
The roof of Dacheng Hall is paved with glazed tiles, with prismatic patterns in the south, and a gourd vase in the middle of the back, decorated with ceramic zodiac signs and the Eight Immortals. The words "peaceful country, peaceful people, peaceful world" are inlaid just below the main ridge. Eight wing angles are tilted upward by 45 degrees. In the Hall of Ursa Major, the original tablet of Confucius is located in the location of Kowloon woodcarving, which says Dacheng is the location of sage Confucius. There are four tablets on each side, with ten philosophers on each side. For the second time, the main wall was inlaid with Ode to the Son and four memorials issued in the 25th year (1688) and 27th year (1690) of Kangxi. Its main content is the praise of Confucius, Mencius, Yan Hui, Zeng Shen and Kong (Shan on the left and Ji on the right).
In front of the main hall, there is a plaque written by Emperor Guangxu, which is gentle and particularly eye-catching. On both sides of Zhang Lisheng's calligraphy, there are plaques of ancient and modern world and the crown of Taoism. In front of the second hall, there are five steps leading to the platform. The length of the moon is 14m and the height is1m. Surrounded by stones on five sides, they are all engraved with floral reliefs. On both sides of the platform, there are vertical belts and pedals connecting the left and right sides. The platform is paved with five stone heads, and the east, west and south stone steps connect the main hall. There is an imperial road in the middle, and there is a stone carving wall with a length of 2 meters and a width of 1 meter. The figure is vivid and lifelike, the carving is particularly exquisite, and the knife method is vigorous and agile, showing a superb technical level. Five dragons and dragonflies are flying on the stone wall.
Dacheng Hall is tall because it was solemnly stipulated when the Confucius Temple was built that all buildings in the county should not be higher than Dacheng Hall in the future. It truly embodies the supreme position of Confucius.
In the past, whenever Confucius' birthday and anniversary, a grand sacrificial ceremony was held in the Confucius Temple. Hundreds of civil and military officials, bachelor celebrities, squire teachers and students came to attend the ceremony in an endless stream, with unprecedented scale and solemnity.
After the founding of New China, the Confucian Temple was used by some units, but it did not damage the city gate, Chi Pan, stone arch bridge, Lingxingmen, Dachengmen and Dachengdian. Some stone carvings, wood carvings, relief paintings and plaques are well preserved, and after vicissitudes of life, they still maintain their vivid original appearance. People who come to visit and admire repeatedly: Walking into the Confucian Temple is like walking into the art treasure house of a building, which is the most precious and valuable art treasure left by predecessors.
In recent years, the government has allocated funds for many times to repair and paint Lingxingmen, Dachengmen and Dachengdian, making the Confucian Temple look brand-new, tearing down the gate that used to be a guest house, and rebuilding the antique and solemn Zhu Feijin Gate, making the builders of the Confucian Temple shine brilliantly and have their own characteristics.