1. Select land. Choose sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, water and fertilizer conservation, fertile soil, good air permeability and rich organic matter to plant ginger. Ginger is not suitable for continuous cropping, and it is not suitable to choose root crops, succulent roots and tuber crops as the previous crops, otherwise the diseases and insect pests will be serious, and the yield and quality will be reduced.
2. Choose ginger. Buy ginger with rough skin and dark color. Don't buy ginger with smooth skin, broken skin, bright color and pungent smell of sulfur as seeds. When harvesting ginger for a long time, farmers who plant ginger choose plots with vigorous growth, disease-free, high quality and high yield, and choose fat, pest-free, rot-free, damage-free, full-sprouted, even-headed, bright-colored and non-frozen ginger blocks to store ginger seeds.
3. Choose sowing time. The germination temperature of ginger is relatively high, and the sowing date is generally from March to May, which is quite different between north and south. Sowing should be carried out when the local soil temperature exceeds 65438 06℃, not too early or too late.
4. Accelerating germination. Before sowing, germination can be accelerated about 20 days in advance according to sowing time. Various methods can be used to accelerate germination, such as greenhouse germination, fire-resistant germination, cow dung germination and so on. Ginger can only be cultivated into thick buds as scheduled if it keeps a certain humidity and the temperature is kept at 22-25℃. If the temperature is too high, the buds will be thin and slender, and if the temperature is too low, the germination will be slow. When the ginger buds grow to 0.5- 1 cm, they can be planted in batches. Ginger pieces can be broken by hand or cut with a knife, and each kind of ginger keeps 1-2 full buds. Plant ash can be applied to the wound, which is beneficial to the wound recovery. If necessary, it should be disinfected to prevent ginger from rotting.
5. Rational application of base fertilizer. Generally, decomposed chicken manure or sheep manure is used as the base fertilizer, and1000-2,000 kg is applied to each mu of land, and it is turned into the soil after being evenly mixed with the soil. You can also apply cake fertilizer 100 kg per mu, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, or 25 kg of urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate to the sowing ditch. Ginger is a chlorine-free crop and is not suitable for applying chlorine-containing fertilizers such as potassium chloride.
6. sow seeds. Water the soles of your feet before sowing, and drain the ginger after the water seeps down. The density of ginger per mu is controlled at 5500 plants, the spacing between ginger plants is 30 cm, the row spacing is 40 cm, and each hole is put with 1 ginger seed. Germinated ginger can put the seed buds up, but it is best to choose a flat pendulum for easy operation and harvest. Ginger buds are placed in the east-west direction and ginger buds are placed in the north-south direction. The amount of seeds used per mu is generally 400-500 kg. In rural areas, there is a saying that ginger is enough for this purpose, so it is better to plant small ginger. The thickness of cover soil is 4-5cm,
7. On-site management. After emergence, watering was started, and the first topdressing was carried out when the ginger seedlings grew to 25 cm, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. When the root tuber of ginger grows rapidly, the second topdressing is carried out, with potash fertilizer as the main fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer, and potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer are applied again one month later, and the quantity is reduced by half.
8. Pest control. The main diseases and pests of ginger are ginger blast, leaf blight, eye spot, anthracnose, canker, bacterial soft rot, ginger disease, ginger maggot, Spodoptera litura and so on. Summer is the high incidence period of pests and diseases, so we should prevent them as early as possible and carry out targeted prevention and control.
9. Harvest in time. Ginger can be selected from mother ginger, tender ginger and old ginger as required. Picking ginger from late June to early July. Picking tender ginger in September can pickle pickles. Ginger is harvested in early June165438+1October. If the temperature is lower than 10℃, ginger can be harvested by freezing before the local first frost period at the latest. Stop watering 7- 10 days before harvesting, otherwise the root tuber will be too wet and easy to rot during storage.
10. Store in the cellar. When the temperature drops below 17℃, store it in the cellar, and then control the temperature between 12- 15℃ and the relative humidity around 65% to avoid diseases and rot during storage. Don't put ginger in the refrigerator, or it will rot easily.