(BA stands for building automation, which means "building automation")
1. The concept of intelligent building
Due to the short development history of intelligent building, there is no unified concept about intelligent building at present, but it has been widely accepted that a building must meet the following requirements at the same time before it can be called intelligent building.
(1) Advanced building automation system (BA) can automatically adjust all kinds of mechanical and electrical equipment in the building according to people's needs, including elevator system, air conditioning system, lighting system, public security system, fire fighting system, etc., so as to create different comfortable working environments for people with different needs and improve work efficiency.
(2) Advanced office automation (OA) can improve people's work efficiency, and office affairs are fast and convenient, including computer and network equipment, public information database, e-mail, building property management, etc.
(3) Advanced communication system can provide all communication needs inside and outside the building at high speed and accurately, including data communication, telephone, fax, image, multimedia, optical fiber communication and satellite communication.
(4) It has an integrated wiring system that supports the above three systems, and a transmission platform that can be completely compatible and transmit weak current signals of various systems in the building.
(5) Building a real system integration and management center, which centrally manages and controls the working conditions of various systems in the building, and creates an efficient, energy-saving and comfortable working environment.
Therefore, we can understand the intelligent building in this way: in a specific building environment, the system integration management center uses the integrated wiring system to control and manage the system according to people's actual needs, creating an efficient, energy-saving and comfortable working environment, which is the product of the perfect combination of the above systems and the specific building environment.
2 Practical experience
To successfully build an intelligent building, professional engineers and technicians, design units, product suppliers (such as Honeywell, Airtek, Siemens, Johnson & Johnson and other first-class products), contractors and professional consulting institutions must work closely together to make unified planning and unified design, instead of taking the detour that each profession is fragmented, each system is designed separately, and then the system is integrated. I realize that the following points should be fully considered in the unified planning and design:
(1) Handle the relationship between system advancement and technology maturity. Try to use advanced and mature systems.
(2) The system must be open and extensible.
(3) Deal with the relationship between economy and advancement. After understanding the purpose and requirements of the owner's construction, the investment cost should be reduced as much as possible without reducing the system performance and advanced nature.
(4) Security of the system. Because the building automation systems on the market are all foreign products, when selecting equipment, we must fully consider the safety issues after the system is put into operation, including the completeness of the system, the technical maturity of the product, the technical disclosure of the other party, the management of operation data and even the timely after-sales service of the product, so as to ensure the safe and normal operation of the system.
3 subsystems of building control system
Including (1) control and monitoring of air conditioning units; (2) chilled water system; (3) Fresh air unit; (4) ventilation system; (5) Fan disk management subsystem; (6) Control and monitoring of water supply and drainage system; (7) lighting system; (8) Elevator monitoring system; (9) security system; (10) other systems, such as parking lot management system, patrol system, IC card system, etc.
4 How to realize system integration
I talked about the subsystems of building automation system, so how to integrate these subsystems effectively and reasonably? There is an urgent need for an open communication protocol that all manufacturers recognize and abide by. At present, in building automation, two standards have been generally recognized by manufacturers and gradually become mainstream and mature:
(1)BACnet and LonMARK standards
BACnet standard is formulated to realize the interconnection of different systems in the field of information management. The upper layer adopts standard Internet protocol to provide high-speed communication between systems, which is used to solve the system integration of big data transmission, such as Airtek BACnet system.
(Airtek BACnet system)
In the picture: the management uses BACnet workstation monitoring software BACsoft.
The integration layer mainly uses network integration controllers GC-RB 1 1, DGC8888B, etc. (BC).
The control layer mainly uses the field DDC controllers DPC u8 b, DPC8888B, DT3 1 1B, DR8000M modules, etc.
The sensing layer is mainly some temperature and humidity and water flow sensors; Smoke sensors, electric actuators, valves and other end products.
Taiwan Province Airtek provides a complete set of product development and production for BACnet system, which is a standard BACnet and is second to none in following the BACnet protocol. It also conforms to PICS (Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement).
LonMARK standard was introduced by Echelon Company of America in 199 1 based on LonWorks technology. LonWorks network control technology makes distributed control technology more mature, and is used to solve the integration between field controllers of small data transmission.
BACnet and LonMARK are two standards, which overlap and differ. In the building automation system of intelligent building, these two standards are complementary and interdependent, and an ideal system should be compatible with the above two standards at the same time.
(2) Composition (Realization) of Distributed Building Automation System At present, many manufacturing companies are technically mature and can be compatible with the above two standards. The famous ones are American Honewell EXCEL5000 system, American Johnson METASYS system and American Hippy I/A system.
Because there are too many, I won't go into details.
In a word, in intelligent building, adopting open technical standards to plan building automatic control system conforms to the international mainstream trend and the national conditions of China, so it has a strong vitality in the domestic building market, and its development has laid a solid foundation for the further development of intelligent building technology in the future. At the same time, we earnestly hope to see the germination of intelligent building industry technology belonging to our nation as soon as possible.