Common synonymous substitution methods in IELTS listening
1, part of speech conversion
This is quite common in IELTS listening, which is simply the interchange of adjectives, nouns and verbs. For example, benefits become favorable, flexibility becomes flexible and so on. For this kind of topic, candidates should have a comprehensive grasp, learn to use root affixes to memorize words, and remember the common suffixes representing the part of speech of words, such as: -ion, -ment, -ness are noun suffixes; -ate, -fy is a verb suffix and so on.
For example: Cambridge Test 8 1 Section 4
Learning geography helps us to understand:
. Influence of different processes on 1. Earth's
When reading a question, quickly judge that the positioning word is the effect and the process, and the answer word is the noun. This is the theme of section 4. Candidates should be aware that there will be a lot of synonymous substitutions in audio, especially common nouns, adjectives and adverbs. Sure enough, the part of speech of the effect is replaced in the audio: we have learned a lot about all the processes that have affected and will continue to affect the earth's surface. Change nouns into verbs, and the answer is surface. The conversion between parts of speech will be simpler than other synonymous substitution methods, because the root has not changed, so a large part of the pronunciation of words is the same or at least similar; In addition, this method is very practical. What I am talking about here is useful in speaking and writing these two output items.
2. Synonym substitution
This way should be the most familiar way of synonymous substitution in IELTS listening, and it is also the way that candidates use more in exporting their oral English and writing. Synonyms, as the name implies, use different words or phrases to express the same meaning. For example, it consists of, can consist of, contains and so on. The proportion of such words is also relatively large. & gt& gt& gt Click to consult IELTS listening preparation information.
Such as: Cambridge Test 7 1 paragraph 1.
Options:
. Car rental office
-Don't want to drive
. 1.
expensive
This is the first question in the whole set of questions, and the difficulty coefficient should be the lowest among all 40 questions, but it should not be taken lightly, because even in the first question, the examiner has set up a test center for synonymous substitution. The positioning words of this question are car and drive, and it is changed to: Of course, you can rent a car at any time here at the airport. The word hire was changed to rent. This rewriting method is almost the simplest and least challenging of all rewriting methods, and it is usually symmetrical in form: the same number of words, the same part of speech and so on. Therefore, candidates can easily hear it.
Step 3 explain
That is, the speaker did not say the word directly, but explained it in a paragraph, making the concept or thing expressed more specific. Usually an easy-to-understand example is used instead.
For example: Jiansi test3section2 14.
Where is the Romano Circus performed?
In the theater
In the tent.
In the stadium
Original recording: It's really like a canvas trailer, but it's actually placed in a green space or a parking lot.
Describe the tent through sentence translation. So choose B in this question.
In fact, this kind of synonymous substitution is very common in IELTS listening. If candidates can master synonymous substitution well, they can quickly find synonymous substitution, which can not only cope with IELTS listening and even reading test freely, but also expand their vocabulary, which is also helpful for writing and speaking, and also helps to understand the examiner's thinking.
4. Sentence pattern conversion
Common sentence patterns are active to passive, or different conjunctions are used to adjust the sentence structure or reverse it. For example, since …, … and … are two familiar sentence patterns, the difference between them is that the former is the cause of the cause and the latter is the cause of the cause, so the order is reversed. Therefore, candidates should pay special attention to the transformation of sentence patterns. & gt& gt& gt Exchange IELTS listening test experience with famous teachers.
For example: Cambridge Test 4 1 Section 2
12. People living in this area set up a metal industry in Riverside Village.
This question is in the second section, which should not be difficult, but the difficulty coefficient is actually very high. In the process of examining the questions, experienced candidates can immediately realize that the sentence of this fill-in-the-blank question is passive voice, which is likely to become active voice in audio. The word "orientation" refers to the metal industry, but what is missing in the title is the actor of action. In the passive voice, the actor is placed at the end of the sentence. In the audio, the sentence was changed to active voice: at that time, the local craftsman first built an iron by the river behind the village. In the active voice, the actor of the action is placed at the beginning of the sentence. The object iron forging (but not the metal industry) comes after the subject, which means that the examinee first hears the answer word local craftsman, and then hears the positioning word iron forging, which is a typical pre-answer situation. Compared with the case that the word order of the topic and the record is consistent, it is obviously much more difficult for candidates to actively and passively reverse the word order. However, if the examinee knows that sentence rewriting in listening has the common tricks of changing from active to passive and from passive to active, then it will be much easier to fully predict and get the correct answer when examining the questions.
Synonymous substitution is very important in IELTS listening. If you master the law of synonymous substitution, you will master the fundamentals of IELTS listening, and you must pay enough attention to it.
Five practice methods to break through IELTS listening level
First, listen.
We should understand that speaking a language is a matter of listening.
Learning a language is not with your eyes, but with your ears. If you learn a language with the mentality of learning things, you can't really master it, because it is a purely auditory system problem. Languages in different countries will produce different register frequencies when speaking. The structure of the ear makes it unable to accept the frequencies of other foreign languages, so the ear is closed to other languages. If you don't listen, you won't talk. This is how the auditory system works. If you can't understand this, you can't learn a language. How can we open our ears that are usually closed to other languages and let them have the sensitivity to understand that language? If you can't understand the sound signals correctly, you can't integrate them into the conversation. So we need the brain to work so that it can absorb the words it hears, decode them and reproduce them. Listening to sound signals completely is the most important link and foundation in language learning. This is something we can't understand in school English learning, so many people often don't understand or speak English after learning 10 years. If you often immerse yourself in English pronunciation, it only takes three months, and you will suddenly find that you can understand English one day.
Second, imagine
Learning a language is not with the left brain. Learning with the right brain is easy.
If you don't know this secret, it is difficult for ordinary English learning methods to really master English. The left brain is the language brain and the right brain is the image brain. Using the imagination of the right brain to learn, English learning will become very easy. That's the point. Usually when we want to remember something, the picture of that scene will emerge in an instant. For example, when we think about what we had for dinner last night, we will have a picture of yesterday's dinner table in our mind. At this time, the brain does not rely on the language of "eating rice, miso soup and hamburgers" to remember. Then, let's use our imagination when learning English.
Third, reading aloud and reciting.
Reading aloud every day is very important for English learning. Make a sound when reading the textbook every day, and try to memorize it. If you keep working hard like this, your memory will definitely change. After three months, you will suddenly find that a completely different memory circuit has been opened.
1. Read English aloud every day, and the rhythm of English will gradually penetrate into your body. Only by practicing reading aloud can we master the rhythm of English, and listening and speaking become possible;
2. Reading aloud every day is also a kind of oral practice, which can cultivate your "English brain" and let you speak English according to the rhythm and speed when reading aloud;
Keep practicing reading aloud, and at some point you will find that you have opened a completely different new super memory circuit. Then you will have a super memory, and you don't even need another six weeks.
Fourth, speed reading, speed listening and shorthand.
The right brain can carry out rapid and massive memory. Getting as much information as possible through eyes and ears can promote the activation of the right brain. Speed listening means listening at 2 ~ 4 times the usual speed. Listening to English stories or words in this way can help you remember a lot of information quickly in a short time. Fast reading, listening and memory are trinity training methods, that is, while reading textbooks quickly with your eyes, you can listen to tapes played at double speed according to the speed of tape playback. This method can improve the current speed between brain nerve cells, so the information transmission will be faster. In this way, the brain runs faster, and the thinking speed and memory speed will also become faster. The consciousness speed of the right brain is 654.38+0.0000 times that of the left brain, so reading with the left brain can finish 400-600 words in one minute, while reading with the right brain can finish reading a book in one minute, and even write the contents of the book from the first word to the last sentence accurately. The language memory of the left brain is easy to forget, but the image memory of the right brain can make you unforgettable, and you can remember those pictures at any time in the future. This is a special ability.
Fifth, practice listening, copying (writing)
People can hear all sounds in the range of 160 ~ 20000 Hz when they are born, and set up checkpoints for sounds they are not used to, so as not to let them enter their ears. It only takes three months for ears to adapt to these strange sounds, which is why different languages have different pronunciations. Because the range is completely different, I can't understand other languages, so naturally I can't speak them. "Deep listening" is a listening method advocated by Gregory Clark, president of Tama University. Its practice is: while listening to English tapes, write down what you hear correctly; Put aside what you don't understand after listening to it many times, and then check what you don't understand against the textbook after writing it all, so that you can improve your English listening. There are several points to pay attention to in the deep listening method. The first is hearing impairment. Deep listening requires serious persistence every day for at least 3 months. One day after three months, you will suddenly find that the hearing barrier has disappeared and you can already understand English. Therefore, listening and copying exercises are the most effective ways to improve listening level.
Answering methods of IELTS listening core questions
The situation of jamming information is so changeable and complicated that our solution can't be single. There is a large class of interference information that can be excluded from the topic, which is what we call determiners. Through careful examination of the questions, we can find out the qualifiers that have appeared in the questions, which can help us effectively eliminate interference.
1, the definition of the qualifier
The so-called determiner is the word that appears in the topic and plays a role in limiting the scope of the answer. In other words, determiners can help us delimit the answer range, so as to exclude interference information that does not meet the restrictions. Let's use an example to illustrate the role of determiners.
Example 4:
Cambridge 5 Test 4 Part 1
Estimated stay: 3 days. ___________
I plan to stay for one year, but at present I only plan to stay here for four months.
Answer: 1 year
Analysis: the length of stay from the topic can be predicted, and what we need to fill in is an answer indicating time. We heard it twice in the original text: one year and four months. So how to judge which is the correct answer and which is the interference information? At this time, it depends on the "plan" in the title, which means "plan, plan", thus limiting our answer to "how long are you going to stay". Obviously, "I will definitely stay here for four months" in the original text does not meet the requirements of the topic, and "I intend to stay for one year" is the answer we want. The "reservation" in the title is synonymous with "plan" in the original text. Here, "intend" is the determiner. Obviously, if you don't pay attention to the qualifier in this question, you can't rule out the interference information.
2. How to find the qualifier
To be exact, it is to learn how to judge whether there are determiners in a topic and which are determiners. It takes a lot of practice and experience to do this in just a few tens of seconds.
1) adjective
Cambridge 5 Test 4 Part 1
Maximum price: 9 pounds per week
The biggest is the biggest, obviously the interference information must be smaller than the correct answer. Similar words are minimum, maximum, minimum, major, minor, first, last and so on.
Cambridge Band 6 Test 3 Part 3
Jack thinks that the music preferences of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ listeners are similar.
When we see similarities, I'm afraid we think of the same or different! In this problem, similarity and similarity are synonymous, and interference information represents different contents. So pay attention to this word!
Cambridge Test 5 1 Section 1
Date of next trip 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
There are two dates in the original text, one is April 18, and the other is June 2. Obviously, we need to fill in a more recent date.
From the above example, we can find that adjectives are widely used as determiners, but obviously, not all adjectives appearing in the title are determiners. When judging determiners, it must be remembered that the role of determiners is to narrow the scope of answers, and those adjectives that are purely decorative, unrestricted and easily replaced are ignored. For example:
Cambridge Test 4 1 Section 1
Ok1_ _ _ _ _ _ _
Cambridge Band 5 Test 3 Part 3
Useful 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Cambridge Band 6 Test 2 Part 2
17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ required
Three adjectives in these three topics are either all replaced, or appear after the space, and some do not even appear as substitutes.
2) Words or phrases that indicate time.
When words indicating time appear in the title, it often means that there will be several times in the original text. Only the content that meets the time requirements of the topic is the correct answer, and the rest are interference information. For example:
Cambridge Band 6 Test 2 Part 2
13 The train for London leaves on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ every day for a week.
Cambridge 5 Test 1 Part 3
Question 24 & amp25
What two types of homework do part-time courses need each month?
Cambridge Band 4 Test 3 Part 2
12. What will commentators pay attention to today?
Cambridge Band 4 Test 4 Part 4
The average number of sharks caught in fishing nets every year is
A 15 B 150 C 1500
3) Words or phrases indicating places
Words that indicate places are the same as words that indicate time, so we should also pay attention to the appearance of multiple places.
Cambridge Band 5 Test 2 Part 4
In Antarctica, an adult needs about 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ kilocalories a day on average.
4) Words or phrases expressing degree
Cambridge Band 5 Test 2 Part 1
The fine starts at ￡ 5.
Computers can make reservations 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hours in advance.
Cambridge Test 5 1 Section 1
8 Reservations should be made no later than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ days.
Cambridge Band 6 Test 3 Part 3
In total, students must interview _ _ _ _ _ _ _ individuals.
5), additional conditions
Cambridge Band 5 Test 2 Part 1
Annual membership fee (no valid student ID): 3 \u\u
Number of projects allowed: (public members): 4 \u\u
Cambridge Level 7 Test 4 Part 3
Question time is 21_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ minutes.
Articles on synonymous substitution in IELTS listening;
Analysis of Four Types of Synonym Substitution in IELTS Listening
★ Classification and Characteristics Analysis of IELTS Listening Questions
★ Media category of IELTS writing materials
★ Which book is good for IELTS writing? Preparation material recommendation
★ Required reading for beginners: Interpretation of the process experience on the day of TOEFL test