Information technology, like general technology, mainly relies on flat accumulation. The library borrows some books from the bookstore to buy relevant review materials, takes notes, finds key and difficult points, and reaches the knowledge points of information technology examination. Chapter 1 "Information and Information Technology" Unit 1 Information and information technology, information concept and characteristics 1, information transaction status and its state change information refers to the meaning of data, signals and messages (judgment information) ☆ Without carriers, information cannot be displayed. Third, information technology affects the development of digital information technology. The important theme of digitalization has deeply influenced 1 and brought convenience and benefits. Second, profoundly change the work, Formula 3, industry impact. Fourth, promote the change of ideas. Fourth, the social impact of information technology 1 promotes scientific and technological progress. Second, accelerate industrial transformation. Class information characteristics (1) Carrier-dependent information can exist independently and must be attached to a fixed carrier, and the same information is attached to the same carrier (text, graphics (images), sound, painting, video). The dependence of information carrier makes information have the characteristics of storage, transmission and transformation. (2) Value ☆ Information value is the material and energy information separated from information, which constitutes the three major elements of the world ☆ Information is the same as material and energy. On the other hand, materials can be popularized for mass production and use ☆ In addition, information can be increased ☆ Information utilization can reflect its value, but some information values can not be found. (3) Effective information changes with time. The equivalence and value of traffic information gas prediction are closely linked. Information is worthless. (4)*** Enjoy-share the same information, same or different, weekly or different * * * * * *. The loss of information will change the content of information. (5) universality. Information technology and ITs development 1, information technology (it) refers to the technology used in the process of information acquisition, sorting, processing, storage and transmission. Modern information technology, electrical technology, especially microelectronics technology, computer basic technology (information processing technology), nuclear communication technology (information transmission technology), the pillar of information technology application, technology group 2, the fifth revolution of information technology, language production of information technology revolution; Third, the information technology revolution, papermaking, printing, invention, knowledge accumulation and dissemination have provided more guarantees; ☆ Information technology is broken and updated. Some ancient information technologies are still in use. New information technology has been abandoned. 3. Create a new civilization. 5. Contradictions and problems caused by information technology. 1. The main features of network security problems are: (1) Computer virus A. Definition: Computer virus refers to the destruction of computer functions or the compilation of data or the insertion of computer programs, which affects the use of computers and can self-replicate computer instructions or program codes B. Features: leading to system crash; Delete hard disk specific execution files or data files to modify and destroy data; Repeated infection and replication reduce storage space and affect system operation efficiency; Destroying the computer system program directly leads to the damage of the computer motherboard. (2) Hackers refer to non-intruders of computer systems. (3) Network traps refer to those who use private networks to set up scams instead of making friends in chat rooms. Deceive unused data by using data filler II. Enjoy and respect * * * 3. Freedom and rule 4. Virtual and Reality VI. Abide by information-related laws and standardize ethics. Developers design and publish computer software, which is protected by law after publication. Software users should establish a systematic concept, abide by relevant laws and regulations, consciously use versions of software, and resist pirated and unauthorized software. Information security and self-protection enhance self-prevention awareness, install and use protection software to set backup work passwords, etc. The development of information technology, the development process of information technology affects the progress of information technology itself. Some examples of new technologies are: quantitative computer, physical computer, grid computing, machine technology, digital ball wireless city, private network of the second generation, virtual reality practice unit 2 information acquisition, information demand, information demand performance: (1) demand information content (2) demand information carrier type-1- information acquisition process: positioning information demand and selecting information source. Information carrier forms, information sources, paper media, electronic media, material information sources and online information are obtained by information evaluation information, information types. The information source Search engine refers to Yahoo. Early search engines collected and saved information from the Internet, arranged it according to certain rules, and provided it to users for inquiry. It belongs to two kinds of directory search engines that use search engines to retrieve information. 2. Search engines can be divided into two types according to their working methods: (full-text search engine) (directory index search engine) (1). Full-text search engines are worthy of the name. Search engines extract information from various websites through the Internet to establish an index database for search engines to use on behalf of Baidu, Google, Wangbei and other full-text search engines to say (keyword query) that it is suitable for finding system information and can find specific information quickly and accurately (2). The directory index search engine receives the website information and establishes an index database according to the directory category to represent the search engine. Sina, Sohu and Yahoo are suitable for comparing some system information, but it is difficult to find specific information accurately. 3. Search skills (1), keyword refining (2), refining search conditions (3). Use logical command (4), search with search engine (5), and force search (4). Network information loading file refers to computer file, which uses file name to identify group-related information aggregation. Computer information communication (file) form memory stores (1) important attributes of files. A. File name: identification standard B, URL of storage location, UNC, local path FTP and other URLs: Uniform Resource Locator; UNC: universal naming convention; FTP: file transfer protocol C. Contents (2) The final use of file type is shown in the main contents of file (executive file) (data file) executive file. The computer understands the execution instructions and directs the computer to complete various complex tasks. Some files are mainly used as file extensions. If data files are included, the computer will process and display various digital information texts, graphics and sounds. See HTML, PDF, TXT, JPG, SWF, RM, RAM RM, RAM and SWF, which are called typical compressed file types of streaming media (ZIP)(RAR)(3) See file extensions: executive file (double-click files with certain extensions to operate) exe (executive file) text file txt (notepad file), doc(Word file), Wps(wpsoffice file) spreadsheet (excel) xlslide (PowerPoint). Ppt audio files wav, mid, mp3, ram, wma graphic files Bmp, jpg, gif, pcx, wmf, png drawing video files avi, mpg(mpeg), dat, asf, wmv, mov, swf(Flash file) webpage (WEB)htm, html, shtml, asp, aspx, Php decompresses files zip(WinZip file) and rar(WinRAR file) 5. Ways to load files Network loading files uses FTP sites, special websites and vendor websites 6. Improve loading efficiency: batch loading, FTP file search breakpoint continuation: the loader can continue loading threads at the disconnected position: the loader can send several request files to the server for the same loading 5. Evaluate the accuracy, objectivity and authority of information value judgment. Effectiveness is also judged in this way, and each piece of information needs to be measured from five aspects. The main contents of the evaluation are as follows: information quality, scope, availability, stability and continuity Appendix: 1, software and file types Software system application software A, system software: DOS Windows (95/98/2000/XP/NT/7/8) Unixlinuxb, application software. Network communication: E-mail (e-mail), BBS (bulletin board), QQ, ICQ, blog (Weblog, Weblog), MSN3, file storage format unit 3: information processing and expression, information processing 1, information processing to obtain the original information, according to the needs of information application, according to the type of information, it is modern to modify, format convert and store it. The purpose of information processing is to explore the value of information, so that users can use information to process the basis of information utilization. 2. Information processing needs to be determined. Need to analyze and determine the target audience (information receiver), information content, type expression (using words, data, media, etc.). ) and information exchange (group reports, brochures or posters, online publishing, etc.). ), etc. , sort out and analyze the information to be processed, and initially determine the processing requirements. 3. With the change of information processing (1), I-type features need fewer tools and are smart and easy to use. (2) Computer information processing type 4. General program of computer information processing (1) Select appropriate computer software or self-compiled program according to information processing requirements (2) Information input (3) Information processing (4) Information input (5) Information storage (5) Computer information processing type (1) Customize information processing VB, C and JAVA based on programming. FLASH, PHOTOSHOP, etc. (3) Intelligent information processing based on industrial intelligence technology, speech recognition and machine translation. 6. Intelligent processing of information programming (1) refers to the work of solving problems, calculating and describing in poor order, that is, calculating finite steps. (2) Intelligent processing of information refers to processing information with industrial intelligence technology. (3) Industrial intelligence applications A. Pattern recognition, fingerprint recognition, voice recognition, optical character recognition, handwriting recognition, etc. B machine translation (MT) uses computers to convert one language into another. Second, text information processing 1, word processing technology Chinese characters originated from hieroglyphics. Chinese characters create pictographs, signifiers and meanings. In the early 1980s, my Chinese character operating system CCDOS blew my computer application horn 1983. Wang Yongmin invented the five-stroke input of Wang code, which broke through the bottleneck of Chinese character digitization, and quickly popularized the II laser imagesetter in May 19855. Using the phototypesetting system for the first time, Wang Xuan presided over the development of Chinese character processing software WPS. My national software industry is proud of 1999. The first generation operating system Red Flag LINUX was born. * * * Enjoy the software functions. Buy commercial software features first. Buying first is the same as free free software. At present, computers use Chinese characters to encode main input codes (external codes), internal codes (internal codes) and input codes (font codes). The main phonetic codes and shape codes are convenient to input, and mixed codes are widely used at present. Chinese character internal code BIG5 is equal to 2 bytes, which is equal to 16 binary Chinese character input code. The actual Chinese font coding is expressed by the matrix and vector equation of Chinese font information. 2. Word processing software (1) Use word processing software: (2) Basic characteristics of the GUI interface of word processing software: simple and easy to operate, rich in functions: gender selection, rapid change, and easy to migrate. Table data processing 1, table information processing includes information tabulation, table data processing, table data graphics 2, quick summary of pivot table seed data to establish cross list interactive table 3, table data graphics column chart, pie chart and line chart column chart indicate the specific numbers of each item, pie chart indicates the percentage line chart of each department, and EXCEL numerical formula reflects the changes of things over time: -3- 1, media technology. It refers to the combination of two or two media. Computer technology and its application field refers to media computer technology, that is, the technology of using computers to process media information. Media technology was born in the 1980s. The world's first media computer Amiga 1985 was pushed by Commodore. The application of media technology mainly includes the following technologies: ① digital information technology; ② High-speed computer processing technology; ③ Efficient compression technology; ④ Mass storage technology; VCDDVD and so on; High-speed network transmission technology; Traffic image expert group: JPEG joint photography expert group: JPEG; VCD: video disc; DVD: Digital Video Disc Media Application System ① Media Information Consultation System ② Media Information Management System ③ Media Auxiliary Education System ④ Media Electronic Edition ⑤ Media Video Conference System realizes point-to-point, point-to-point, audio-visual simultaneous interpretation and cross-domain communication ⑤ Media Remote Diagnosis and Treatment System 3. Digital image design and processing (1). The unique charm of images lies in: ① rich information and intuitive image; ② Images can cross language barriers to promote a wider exchange of ideas ((practical experience: drawing) ② The designed works need to be saved for use, and the FLA format needs to be saved. If the image file is saved in GIF and JPG format; ③ The arrow tool moves the positioning plate; When any deformation tool acts on the rotating plate ④, it is necessary to use the menu to command the horizontal and vertical rotating plate. 4. Digital image acquisition and processing (1) and digital image acquisition methods are as follows: a, shoot digital signals converted from direct external images with a digital camera, and then transmit them to a computer; B, collecting the digital signals processed by the printing image scanner and converting them into a computer; C. Obtaining the required image materials through the network or its digital resource library (2) Processing pictures and images by Photoshop means combining the original images to express a certain theme. Image processing is realized by using the concept of layer. Before using the layer item, selecting the image elements of a picture for separate processing will affect the arbitrary superposition of Photoshop and flash layers. 5. Audio, video and painting information processing (1) The actual work of digital audio acquisition adopts cloth recording. (2) Simple processing of digital audio —— Audio information processing uses the software CoolEditProMIDI: the abbreviation of musical instrument digital interface. (3) Simple processing of video and painting information. This scene is made up of continuous pictures. Painting uses certain technical means to make the painting picture continuously present morphological scenes ※ Video file processing is to process digital video clips by using Hero Jieba software. (4) Video acquisition mode: ① Direct acquisition-directly shooting with a digital camera to obtain a digital video file ② Step-by-step acquisition-firstly, analog video signals are acquired with a traditional analog camera, and digital conversion of analog/digital video files is carried out with a video acquisition card; (5) Preliminary computer drawing-four paintings are composed of static pictures, and for each static picture in a continuous picture group, I set a frame to draw an initial frame and an end frame through inter-axis, so that Flash can complete the interframe production. I set the home page as usual. (2) Add a new webpage-the basic component of a webpage website. Add a new webpage as the basic framework of the website. After the key frame is generated, you need to save the FLA format of the working document, and then modify it. If the painting is guided, if the image file G is guided, the SWF format will be modified. If JPG format 5, basic flow of information set 1, information set mainly refers to media materials such as words, images, sounds, paintings and videos. Plan, organize and express a theme. 2. Information setting process 3. The design of the work includes the overall design, the detailed design of two web pages, and the hyperlink to achieve another target connection of the web pages. 4. Development and production stage ① See three types of information collection tools: page-based tools, icon-based tools and inter-tool A. Page-based tools-adopt the characteristics of organizing materials in one page similar to books: organizing and managing materials is convenient, intuitive and simple, and beginners can easily make simple media works. B. Icon-based tools —— Use icons for various materials according to the characteristics of the connection flow chart: any icon can point to the material for independent editing and adjust the icon position as needed. C, based on tools-set the characteristics of various materials in sequence: the operation is complicated, and the materials should be presented in six ways. The overall planning of the website (such as FrontPage) (1) a new website-a collection of network resources such as website pages. The collection of web pages I made is easy to maintain and manage. Whether the homepage design is fair or not directly affects the image of the website, and often determines whether visitors stop to enjoy it. (3) Layout the Web page with a table-The table page has the function of locating and setting the layout of the Web page, and the content column of the table is used to make the Web page clear and beautiful. Rich organizations need to pay attention to table layout. Table border thickness should be set to 0. (4) Insert the table. Web tables are used as ordinary tables except positioning layout. It should be noted that the thickness of the table border can be set to 0 ★★★★★ ★ Integrating the four forms of web pages has two functions: ① The thickness of the table border with the function of positioning and setting the layout of web pages should be set to 0; ② The thickness of the table border of ordinary tables can be set to 0; (5) Adding pictures and inserting pictures of different formats into web pages. Generally, I will choose some pictures with high compression ratio, such as GIF, JPG and other formats. ★★: Place the cursor at the position where you want to insert the picture, and select the Insert-Picture-Self File command, that is, use the two default folders _Privateimages_Private folders in the FrontPage folder list area to store the desired document. The Images folder is inserted and drawn by using the image files that store the web page (6), and adopts file capacity comparison formats such as GIF and SWF. ★★: Place the cursor at the position where drawing is inserted, and select the drawing file by selecting the Insert-Advanced-Plug-in command, that is, (7) Set the background-the default FrontPage background color is white A, and set the homepage background ★: Type the webpage selection format-type the background command of the webpage property box to set it, that is, B. Set the table background ★: Position the cursor at any position in the layout table, and click the right mouse button to play the menu to select the table property command setting C. (8) Insert background music for the webpage: click the format background command of the webpage and click the tab of the webpage property box to set it. (9) Set hyperlinks to achieve another goal of the web page. Connect text images, etc. Set a hyperlink. ★: Select the hyperlink content to set. Select the Insert menu. Hyperlink pop-up window for selecting web page links. Information expression 1. Information expression is the same as that of technology (1), so as to meet the characteristics of information recipients. In fact, there are several ways to express information, such as words, language, graphics, images and sounds. (2) Information expression technology -5-
I suggest you go down and check the information yourself.
Such a question is meaningless.