Overall grasp
This is a text describing childhood, which is selected from Lu Xun's "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks" collection, including all the articles and his memories of childhood.
As you can see, from the title of the article, this article consists of two parts, between them? Performance of childhood games, interesting reading? I grew up reading.
Life in the First Herbal Garden points out in the book that it used to be a paradise. Why is it a "paradise on earth"? "Needless to say ... needless to say ... being alone ..." The infinite fun in children's eyes is all-encompassing. Oil fly, cricket, centipede, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Therefore, in the author's eyes, these seemingly interesting little things are full of vitality and vitality, not to mention those things that are infinitely fun in the eyes of ordinary people. Although it is so interesting, no one dares to leave. Where is it? This is a very long place. Why? "According to legend, this garden is a big snake." Thus, the long story of the beautiful snake mother naturally leads to it. Although the story itself is a little scary and worrying, it strongly attracts children, stimulates their curiosity and adds a little mystery to the Herb Garden. It is possible to make a grass garden different from the tasteless "winter grass garden, like winter snow" So the author thinks that catching birds in the snow, that kind of happiness, that kind of taste, relieves them. This is written by the author of "Herb Garden", which captures the "paradise" and is full of vitality.
Slowly, "I" grew up in a family and sent me to school. "I had to leave heaven." The author used a transitional period to skillfully live in his own herbaceous garden and learned to read Mr. Wang's "Life".
The article then wrote three pools reflecting the life of the moon. Lu Xun once lived in San Tan Yin Yue for seven years. This year, his furniture "San Tan Yin Yue" is still fresh in his memory. "Good" teachers "respect" vividly shows the deep affection from such a life. In this part, the author selects several fragments to truly and vividly reproduce some side effects of a private school education. First of all, Mr. Wang is knowledgeable but refuses to answer "a strange question." Teaching has seriously increased the teaching content, and reading is also very invested, but there is basically no corporal punishment for students, and there are few constraints. " From the students, I deeply admire the teacher's questions and am willing to learn new knowledge. Secondly, I have the opportunity to go out with them and find the pleasure of reading. I am ecstatic to use my teacher to read books and play all kinds of games in the chair. It is not difficult to see from these fragments that private education is not as serious as we thought, and children still have quite a lot of freedom.
The scenery in the second paragraph is very exciting. First of all, both sides have grasped the characteristics and the children's psychology. Shijing fence is "smooth" because it is used after going down the well for one year; The reason is "smoothness", because Lu Xun touched it curiously many times in his childhood. Bumblebee "obesity", compared with other insects, is not only huge, but also reflects the feelings of special children. Known as the sky of the emperor's sudden "darts", it not only describes the cleverness and flexibility of this bird, but also shows the envy of children. As for the children who write "Hum" and "Qin" of cricket, their feelings are unique. Shape, sound, color, fragrance and taste are prepared in spring, summer and autumn. The "green" of the vegetable field, the "purple" of the mulberry, the "yellow" of the cauliflower and the bee are all written in colors, and the "fat" is so high that it swells like coral beads into small balls. Whether you write cicadas visually or crickets by hearing, the piano "Raspberry" writes: "Taste: This is really. In fact, it refers to the scene from Ji Chun in summer and autumn, mulberry and cauliflower in late spring, cicada and cricket in summer to autumn. This winter, I wrote the following map of the four seasons, which embodies this subtle idea. Third, the level is orderly and tidy. The first two "needless to say ....." Write all the herb gardens, and write some mud walls along the edges. "That's an order. Needless to say, write a still life from low to high first, and the second one is an animal from high to low, which is a continuous one. The whole animal is written from plants, and part of it is written from animals and plants. This is written in sequence. Together, these scenes are not only orderly, but also lively.
This article is good at association. Write the root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. And associate them with immortal legends, write the story of a beautiful snake and a long mother, the legend of a snake, mention the father who moistened the soil, write Mr. Fowler, and learn from reading and other writing students. Lenovo must make the article easy and interesting, rope and serve, and make the article more lively and colorful.
study
1。 Between the two parts? What is the relationship between "Hundred Herbs Garden" and "Three Tans Printing the Moon" in this article? What are your thoughts and feelings about the performance?
There are three different views on this issue. The two parts of an opinion are the comparison between a free and happy life and a boring and old life. Compared with the performance of a child who is psychologically suitable for children and gluttonous for a while, 1 How to interfere with children's physical and mental development and dislike children in performance. Another view holds that the relationship between the two parts is offset. The relationship between freedom and joy in the boring life of reflecting the moon in Santan criticizes the bondage and destruction of the feudal education system on children. There is a view that the two parts are harmonious and unified, sweet and happy memories, love for nature and pursuit of knowledge, and innocence. The beauty of artistic conception and charm of this article lies in
BR/>； Different understandings of the structure of this article actually show different interpretations of the theme article. The theme of the article can allow different understandings as long as it is meaningful.
& gt
2。 Why write a beautiful snake story?
The story of the beautiful snake has nothing to do with the snake in the Herbal Garden at first, but it has something to do with it. Why do you want to write this content? There are always different opinions. Some people say that mother is superstitious, some people say that desire is to subdue evil by kindness, and some people say that there are evil things. In Herb Garden, we can put aside these different viewpoints and concentrate on teaching, so some students thought: Was Lu Xun interested in this story when he was a child? Look where it came from. Is it helpful for the author of this association to put forward the "paradise" of the Herbal Garden? Finally, let the students understand that regardless of other people's arguments, we can see that the story of the beautiful snake fascinates me, and I have learned some lessons and some truths, but I have also added more mysterious grass gardens.
3。 What was the attitude of Mr. Lu Xun when he mentioned this article in his childhood?
Mr. Harpy believes in his profound knowledge and loves him very much, because the students are very naughty, but only Yu Xiansheng corporal punishment, and rarely, usually blind.
practice
According to the requirements of the text read, discuss the following questions.
This question requires students to read the full text of the article and guide them to learn some skills and steps to read the article. On the basis of overall perception of the main content, read the theme first, and what kind of information to read for us in this question; Read more and understand the structure and main content of the article, and grasp the main ideas or feelings as a whole.
1。 Is there any information about this topic in the article "From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue"?
The article "... Go ..." generally consists of two parts, which also tells us the contents of two parts, the first part and the second part.
2。 Read the text quickly, so as to write a sentence consisting of the beginning and the end of reflecting the moon in the three pools of Baicaoyuan, with a transitional paragraph in the middle.
From the beginning, there was a big park "in the middle" behind my house. It was too late, so I went to "write an article about going to the Oriental Garden". Whether it "wrote a part of the three pools printing the moon;" I don't know why my family sent me to school. The transition part of.
3。 Close the text reading, think and discuss the first and second parts while reading: what is the expression of thoughts and feelings in this article? Here are three theories.
(1) Santan Yinyue Herbal Garden sets off a repressed freedom and happiness, exposing and criticizing feudal decay and children's private school education.
② Compared with reflecting the moon in Santan, children are equally free and happy, showing their love for nature and dissatisfaction with enjoying a free and happy life. At the same time, they are educated in the physical and mental development of children liberated from feudal shackles.
(3) Memories, Herb Garden, Three Ponds and a Moon, love of nature, pursuit of knowledge, naivety, and naive expression of joy.
The purpose of pottery practice is to help students master the theme of the article and combine the whole with the part. It is difficult for junior high school students to understand, because the complicated text is very profound. As long as you understand, you will achieve your goal.
There are three kinds of statements that are reasonable, and students should give appropriate recognition no matter which one they agree with. The first is to stifle children's nature according to the mediocre feudal private school education criticized by Lu Xun in several projects. Even in this article, I wrote about the dull life in a private school. The second parameter is a more reasonable statement than the first revision. The third parameter, now accepted by the most vulnerable people, seems to be the most reasonable. The reason can be found in "Related Materials".
Second, try to understand the following text and answer the questions in brackets.
The purpose of the exercise is to guide students to make meaningful statements according to the meaning of the context, understand the content of the article and understand the semantic focus of the article.
1。 Needless to say, the green vegetable fields have smooth stone well fences, tall acacia trees and purple mulberries. Needless to say, the fat wasp with leaves, cicadas and Zhang Yin was squatting on the cauliflower, and the clever son of heaven (lark) suddenly flew to the sky from the grass dart. Short mud feet walk around the wall along the single path, which has unlimited fun.
("Needless to say, this is not true. Just ... "That's the point? Imitation fragment)
After the "single", the key content.
2。 Maybe it's Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. The mud wall has been destroyed, perhaps because a brick was thrown into the partition of the beam, or because the wall of the Shijing jumped down. ......
Do I know if I was sent to a private school? Since you saw it? )
"I don't know if I was sent to a private school, because it involves reasons.
Thirdly, a series of verbs are used to accurately describe bird catchers in the snow. Taste carefully, and then write your own channel, or explain that in the process of playing the game, after describing the ants, you also spent a series of verbs.
Sweep a piece of snow on the ground, short poles hold up a big bamboo curtain from the side, sprinkle a sharing pole under it and tie a long rope, hold it far away and watch the bamboo curtain pecked by birds go away. As soon as the rope was pulled, it fell to the ground.
This problem is extended from the extracurricular practice of the course. Students should be guided to learn to appreciate this passage and accurately describe a series of verb games on the basis of accurate use of verbs. You can use the title game or choose the game.
Teaching suggestion
Before class, teachers stimulate students to briefly introduce the texts of Lu Xun's life in combination with his childhood, and naturally introduce the text analysis "reading interest". Lu Xun's childhood life reflected by a group of papers (included in "Flowers in the Morning") leads to the teaching of this paper. Let the students realize about: What influence may life experience and Lu Xun's childhood growth have?
The writing ability and teaching difficulties that need to be properly handled are related to the teaching emphasis and teaching difficulties, and the handling of teaching difficulties should be considered. Part of the difficulties in describing Santan's teaching of reflecting the moon lie in two points: first, it is difficult to understand this part, and second, it is a bit confusing. There are some different views on the content. It is normal to fully consider different viewpoints as long as we start from the text itself and contact the appropriate background of teachers' guiding ideology. Students' understanding can reach a certain level.
The scenery of this article is very subtle. Students can't learn all the 1 1 strokes here. The basic principles and practices of landscape writing, such as mastering the characteristics in the correct order, should guide students to master them. In addition, "children's psychology is king, love children's psychology." (Li He's secret language), it is acceptable to understand students' words lyrically from the perspective of language scenery.
Fourth, "this story makes me feel a person's intentional irony? Society "gentlemen" protect the language, but it is difficult for students to understand it more subtly, but this does not prevent the understanding of such sentences from explaining the main content of the text too much.
information
Preface to "Morning Flowers Pick Up in the Evening" (Lu Xun)
I often want to find a little quiet commotion, but it's really not easy. It's strange that my heart is so disorganized. A person's career with only memories may always be a boring strike world, but sometimes it doesn't even have memories. About China's standard, or spiral. When I left Sun Yat-sen University a few days ago, I thought of Xiamen University four months ago and heard planes twittering over his head. I actually remembered the inexplicable plane in Beijing a year ago. I also made an essay called Sleep. Now, I'm wide awake.
The hot weather in Guangzhou set the goal of the west window as early as possible, forcing people to wear a pot of "water horizontal branches" desktop, which I have never seen before. It is a tree. As long as it is immersed in water, its branches and leaves are lovely. Look at the green leaves, the old code draft, and finally do something to do such a thing. One day, this year's death, it can get rid of hot spots.
BR/>； The day before yesterday, "Weeds" were repaired. This time, we inherited the "old story" from the "wasteland", and I also changed his name: "On the eve of North Korea's flower picking." Flowers, the color is much better, but I can't. That is to say, I didn't let him change into a strange and disorganized article at once, or, in the future, Yang saw the clouds in my eyes and went on strike unblinkingly.
For a moment, I recalled my childhood countless times. In his hometown, I eat more fruits and vegetables: water chestnut, arhat bean, water bamboo and wax gourd. These are all delicious, so messy, my homesickness. Later, after I waited for a long time, I tasted better than this, only in my memory, and the old average life expectancy. They may try to cheat my life, so I am always duty-bound.
The copied memory of 10 is somewhat different from the actual content, but I still remember it now. The style may be messy, or it will stop after more than nine months. The environment is: the first two are written on the east wall of Beijing apartment; 3 displaced local hospitals and carpenter's houses; Fifth, the scholars upstairs in Xiamen University Library are crowded.
1 May, 1927 Lu Xun was in Guangzhou Baiyun Building.
(The Complete Works, Volume 2, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 year)
two
Three-dimensional three pools reflecting the moon and Lu Xun's childhood reading. /kloc-go to school at the age of 0/2. In the second year after autumn, Lu Xun, a teenager imprisoned by his grandfather, left his hometown and took refuge in Shaoxing-Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaopu. In the countryside, it was the summer of academic 1894, and every family returned to Santan to reflect the moon. I didn't learn to leave in this way until 6 months, Nanjing Naval Academy 1898, which lasted for 6 years. ......
Everything here is the best-preserved memory of Lu Xun: from Zhumen, a black oil entered the third study, with a plaque hanging in the middle: Three pools print the moon; Below the plaque is a picture depicting a fat sika deer lying under an old tree. "Card? Plaques and paintings lost their liberation. After liberation, Party cadres tried their best to get them back. Junior three students studied Lu Xun and liberated Mr. Qing, Xiang and Huang. When they were alive, three old classmates recalled that San Tan Ying Yue had restored its original layout. The house is like an old living room, which seems strange to teenagers nowadays. A * * * has 1 1 student seats. Lu Xun's seat is arranged in a rectangular desk drawer on the north wall, and the chair standing behind the desk is slightly lower. " The light was dim and the air became humid. On his desk, the word "jujube" is engraved with a square inch and a straight knife in the upper right corner. It is a precious woodcut cultural relic hand-carved by Lu Xun's youth. About its origin, it is like this: one day, Lu Xun was accused by a private school teacher who was late for school. He carved the word "early" like a knife and supervised himself. He has never been late since then.
, private schools
Private schools were established by private educational institutions in ancient China. China has a history of more than two thousand years. In order to spread the culture of the motherland and promote the development of education, children with cultural enlightenment and school children have played an important role in the study of knowledge management.
Students in private schools begin to receive enlightenment education at the age of 6. There is no entrance exam. Generally, Mr. Confucius in Gong Li and every student who kowtows before the Confucius icon or Igor obtains the admission qualification will enter the school only with the consent of the chairman. The scale is generally small, and the number of students in private schools is small, with more than 20 students. Private schools have no uniform requirements and regulations on students' school age, learning content and teaching level.
In ancient China and Mongolia, the textbooks of private schools were improved by "three hundred years, one thousand years, and one thousand years", namely "Three-character Classics", "Hundred Family Names", "Thousands of Poems with Three-character Classics" and "Daughter", and "through childlike innocence, children were taught to understand and appreciate ancient Chinese". The main teaching contents are literacy and calligraphy, and great importance is attached to learning poetry.
Teaching hours in private schools can be divided into two categories: "short-term study" and "lifelong study" because they are sometimes flexible. The teaching time called "learning" is very short, usually one to three months. The parents of this private school are not too demanding, just to find some words, keep accounts, write Spring Festival couplets and study for life in the future. " Every year in the first lunar month, there are only a few museums in winter. "Chang" refers to the academic qualifications of Mr. Wang's famous private school. Second, students study for a long time and learn more.
As for the teaching principles and methods of private schools, in the basic education stage, Mongolian children in liberal arts education are attached great importance, and Mongolian teenagers are emphasized to develop good morality and habits. The behavior of Mongolian boys, such as dress, etiquette, crossing hands, bowing, seeing and hearing, has strict requirements for our educational tradition. Sir, the teaching method is completely indoctrinating. During the lecture, the chairman sat there and the students opened the books on the chairman's desk. Then they stood by and listened to Mr. Wang's mouth and asked the students to repeat. After that, the students returned to their seats to read. The book read by Teacher Fan stipulates that students must recite it often. In addition, corporal punishment, which is common in private schools when students are careless or naughty, often pulls students' faces and ears and beats their hearts.
Fourth, the theme of this article, different opinions.
"From the Herb Garden to the theme of printing the moon in Santan? Controversial, the main differences are: one view holds that the theme of this paper is to criticize the feudal education system, and the other view holds that the feudal education system is not the most important.
1。 The theme is to criticize the feudal education system.
Li Hejin: The central idea is to expose and criticize feudal decay, get out of children's private school education, live in a park-like herb garden, and contrast the gloomy, cold, boring and stale three pools reflecting the moon, 1 children's psychological performance and children's great enjoyment of life; One is how it affects children's physical and intellectual development, such as The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Changes. The ancient books promoting feudal toxins are profound and force students to recite them. I wonder if I can ask.
A private school that focuses on feudal education and exposes children's physical and mental development, but the Herb Garden is not a school after all, nor a classroom for production struggle and class struggle, but it may lead to interesting places for children, so this is not written in two classrooms.
The gentleman who wrote this article in a private school said, "I have heard that he is an old-fashioned, simple and knowledgeable person in the city." This is a rumor, not the author's opinion. The author's point of view has penetrated into the whole narrative: through the sharp contrast between Baicao Garden and San Tan Yin Yue, the life and death of teaching can be described as the incarnation of Confucius and Mencius by reading a boring article while reading a dead book in class; What about Lu Xun's desire and admiration when it comes to prohibiting students from worshipping Confucius in written form? Ask him questions about VE, especially typical, ignorant pedants. The author is not fierce. His students "shouted" and stared at the "ruler" and occasionally "knelt down", but these were not the usual old gentlemen, and they were revealed in a relaxed and humorous tone.
The article is not just? Details of the scenery, as well as the psychology of children who love the king, the king is the king. The situation of love is that children's psychology makes readers feel that this is the only natural sweetness: some people love Owen's prospect, prefer the scene of love, prefer the feelings of this naive child, and even hate the feudal education that stifles children.
(Selected from A Textbook of Lu Xun's Works, edited by Li, Chinese Textbook of Helin Beijing Middle School 15)
Beijing People's Publishing House, 1974)
A step in the snow: "Through two completely different life themes, Herb Garden and Three Tans Printing on the Moon, it exposes and criticizes the core of Confucius and Mencius in the feudal education system, thus showing a complete denial of Lu Xun's feudal society and education system.
(Choose whether the theme compiled from China Shandong Normal University and Liaocheng Branch Library is the key feudal education system (Zhang Shuo).
The theme of Lu Xun's Teaching Manual)
2。 Historical summary: compared with the children who love nature and pursue freedom and happiness in the free and happy life, the psychological criticism of the feudal education system is a manifestation of bondage and destruction to children. This generalization originated from Xu's Works of Lu Xun (Shanghai Education Press, 196 1 year), which was used as a reference for second language teaching in the following years.
I believe this generalization is correct. In the first half of this year and the second half of this year, works that do not conform to reality do not conform to Lu Xun's creative intention. It is not important that prose is a feudal education system for tenors.
From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue (original title: Memories of Time Past, Watching Flowers at Dusk). The origin and intention of Lu Xun's complete works "Morning Flowers and Evening Picking" are clearly explained. He said: "Flowers bloom in the morning, and this collection of essays was written in Beijing and Xiamen at this time and arranged in Guangzhou. At that time, it was Lu Xun's life that was displaced and depressed. " It should be understood that in the hustle and bustle of peace, "Lu Xun recalled the good things of the old days, ruled out the current downturn, and looked for a kind of" peace "to send some comfort." From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue "was written on the upper floor of Xiamen University Library. He is a "scholar" and should be able to endure loneliness like a "flower" to spend his childhood. This is one of them. Secondly, the "preface" also indicates the time of the original group name "revisit" program, "I also changed its name:" Flowers bloom in the morning ". This change is related to the actual content of this essay. Frustrated and disappointed, Lu Xun often recalls the fruits of his childhood hometown. This group of sketches is full of fresh and sweet fruit slices from my childhood hometown, just like the horizontal branches of water in Lu Xun's desk basin, which makes them lush and lovely. These beautiful reminiscence essays were compared by Lu Xun to a group of flowers blooming in the early morning sunshine. Get it from sightseeing and masturbation, not directly fight for it. You can say, "pick up a love song about your childhood, instead of throwing the enemy's spear and dagger." First of all, the creative thinking of "From Herb Garden to San Tan Yin Yue" can not be separated from picking flowers from outside.
Judging from the actual work content, we still can't see the average level of key feudal education. First of all, the descriptions of three pools reflecting the moon before and after the Botanical Garden can't form a so-called "contrast" or "contrast" in narrative style, which was seamless and consistent before, which is no problem with derogatory and commendatory meanings. Describe the life of the herbarium, needless to say, happiness and innocence. The same is true of the description of San Tan Yin Yue. The author describes that the first place provided by the newly arrived library is a plaque full of whimsy, such as the "Black Bamboo Gate", and whether there is a ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius and thanking Mr. Confucius under the framework of "painting a very fat old tree with sika deer", instead of closing Lu Xun, who was naive in childhood, which is full of provocative freshness of a different grass garden. If the Herb Garden is nostalgic for the three pools reflecting the moon, it will bring his curiosity to a new world. In the field, He Laoshi said: "Strange" curiosity can't be answered from He Laoshi's mouth or the book written by the author. It doesn't think this is a child's bondage. It just says, "Should a student ask these questions?" ",and believe that the President must know, but don't want to say. Then, it describes the fun of reading life. "Noon, evening class", "Let's read at the top of our voice for a while" and "Pronunciation". Concept ",when he studied, he always smiled, looked up and shook his head, figuratively, and his description of the back, image and past of the past was also full of happy and naive style. Looking back, watching children and adults sing and read together is a product of a sense of humor and loud fun, which gives people joy and fun from the appreciation effect. You can see "boring" here Where is the emphasis or derogatory style? The ruler even wrote a symbol of feudal horse owners' morality. The author also wrote in a relaxed style: "He kneels regularly with a cane, but it is not used, but it is not common. He usually stares at it several times and says loudly:-"Read!" "Lianglian" doesn't always use "and". However, isn't this enough to reflect the attitude of the author? As for the small garden behind the three pools and the moon, the children are playing in the garden. In class, they secretly wrote that playing with the paper nails below and drawing pictures will also lead a happy life. Until the end of the article, the author painted three pools reflecting the achievements of the moon and proudly sold them. Unfortunately,