This design specification is based on the customer's logistics demand, and designs the design model of logistics operation scheme for customers from the perspective of logistics general agent.
Different customers have different needs, so it is necessary to tailor the logistics operation plan for customers, refine the different needs of customers, determine the demand model of each customer, and design the logistics operation plan accordingly.
The design idea is as follows:
(A) the characteristics of customer logistics needs
1, monthly total logistics volume
Factors to be considered: output, customer order quantity (including peak season order quantity and off-season order quantity) and turnover frequency;
Based on this, determine the customer's leading work type. According to the customer's monthly output or the customer's order quantity, determine the total amount of logistics outside the customer's factory, including the total amount of shipments, and then determine the inventory and distribution quantity according to the expected turnover frequency.
2. Place of shipment and place of arrival
Considerations: the location and quantity of the place of shipment and the location and quantity of the place of arrival;
Based on this, determine: transportation route and mode.
3. Composition of monthly logistics at each point
Factors to be considered: customer's order quantity, order number and average order size at this time.
Based on this, it is determined that: the dominant operation type of this point; Economic inventory, arrival quantity, delivery quantity and delivery frequency; Mode of transportation and vehicle type
4. Product characteristics
I. Product type
Factors to consider: the number of products and the seasonality of each product.
B. characteristics related to loading requirements
Factors to be considered: single volume, gross weight, specifications and performance of outer packaging, stackable height.
C. characteristics related to storage, transportation and custody
Consideration: chemical properties (moisture-proof, corrosion-proof, rust-proof and shelf life) and physical properties (earthquake resistance and compression resistance).
According to this, the loading and unloading mode, transportation conditions, storage conditions and stowage conditions are determined.
D, characteristics related to insurance and insurance price
Factors to be considered: unit price and value density.
Based on this, it is determined: insurance rate and insured price.
5. Sales situation
Factors to be considered: sales mode, supply mode and return mode.
Based on this, it is determined that: dominant management; Classification items and service hours of services provided
6. Information needs
Factors to be considered: status information and quantity information of goods in different logistics links, and document transmission information.
Based on this, the information flow is determined.
(B) determine the logistics demand model
Methods: Standard judgment method.
1, for warehousing operation.
Commodity output or total order (warehouse to be rented out) > shipping frequency 6000 m3/ month.
2. Main transportation operation orientation (including cross-regional economic zone distribution)
Transport turnover > 4000t/month transport frequency > 15 times/month transport distance > 400km.
3. Urban distribution orientation.
Mode of supply: distribution system, distribution frequency > 20 times/month, transportation distance.
Distribution point: general multi-point delivery time requirements: timely delivery according to customer requirements.
4. Job-oriented type of allocation processing.
The distribution processing required by customers accounts for most of the workload.
Mainly used in packaging and processing operations.
(C) Logistics operation scheme design
1, storage scheme
Methods: Optimization method and economic forecast.
(1) for warehouse operation
First, the choice of warehouse
● Location: Due to the large area required, the location of the warehouse is generally chosen in a cheap place. The total usable area is required to be greater than the actual usable area.
● Warehouse type: Price is the primary selection criterion. For those who often go in and out of the warehouse, choose a bungalow warehouse; No, choose a building warehouse.
● Other facilities: pallets and auxiliary handling facilities, trailers and forklifts are needed for goods that require moistureproof and cleanliness.
B, the determination of inventory
Non-seasonal products:
The demand for non-seasonal products does not fluctuate greatly with the season, and the inventory is balanced between months. The inventory plan is designed as follows:
● Economic inventory:
Factors to be considered: the total annual turnover of goods or the total demand at a certain point, freight, order processing costs, and storage costs of individual goods.
Methods: Economic inventory planning method.
For goods with high value density and high single storage cost, quantitative inventory model is adopted; Commodities with low value density and low single storage cost adopt periodic inventory mode.
Among them, the annual total turnover of goods is obtained according to historical data or sales forecast (annual turnover of goods = historical data x fluctuation coefficient);
How to determine the freight, order processing fee and storage fee of a single commodity: A, get the same commodity from the historical data of previous years; B on a certain route, you can get the freight, order processing fee and storage fee of a single commodity through budget.
● Area:
Considerations: stacking coefficient and stacking height limit.
Methods: Area = economic inventory (or inventory required by customers)/(stacking layers x single piece height x stacking coefficient)
Among them, the factors that affect the stacking coefficient are: product type, batch requirements, volume of outer packaging, smoothness of surface area and compactness of stacking.
Seasonal products:
Single product
● Economic inventory:
Consider: a peak season cycle, peak season turnover or total demand at a certain point.
Peak season freight and order processing fee
Storage cost of single product in peak season
B off-season cycle, off-season turnover or total demand at a certain point
Off-season freight and order processing fees
Storage cost of single commodity in off-season
Methods: Economic inventory planning.
For goods with high value density and high single storage cost, quantitative inventory model is adopted; Commodities with low value density and low single storage cost adopt periodic inventory mode.
Among them, the determination method of each parameter is the same as above.
● Area:
Considerations: stacking coefficient and stacking height limit.
Methods: Area = economic inventory (or inventory required by customers)/(stacking layers x single piece height x stacking coefficient)
The stacking factor is determined as described above.
Multi-products Generally, a manufacturer will have multiple products, and the storage scheme of multiple product combinations is designed as follows:
● Inventory:
Consideration: the total turnover of various commodities at a certain point.
● Area: determine the inventory area of this point according to the maximum turnover of various commodities at a certain time. The method is as above.
(2) Mainly engaged in trunk shipping (including distribution in provincial and municipal economic zones)
First, the choice of warehouse
● Location: There are frequent arrival and delivery operations, and the warehouse is generally located near the trunk line. The location of the arrival warehouse is the same as above.
● Warehouse type: generally choose bungalow warehouse to facilitate the operation of warehouse.
● Other facilities: there are dedicated lines and high platforms.
B, the determination of warehouse area
Methods: Area = economic inventory (or inventory required by customers)/(stacking layers x single piece height x stacking coefficient)
Stacking factor: The stacking factor is determined as described above.
(3) Distribution management in the city.
First, the choice of warehouse
● Location:
Considerations: the maximum unloading capacity or the location of the unloading point with the most frequent unloading; Minimum distance from distribution point
● Warehouse type: generally choose bungalow warehouse to facilitate the operation of warehouse.
B, the determination of inventory
● Inventory: demand inventory+safety inventory at this time.
● Methods: Safety stock plan.
(4) Distribution and processing operation orientation.
First, the choice of warehouse
● Workplace: distribution and processing warehouse, and the storage environment should meet the good production and operation standards.
B, the determination of warehouse area
● Area: storage area+work area
2. Transport scheme
(1) for warehousing and trunk line (regional distribution)
First, the choice of mode of transportation
Considerations: transportation cost and safety.
There is a special line to reach the warehouse in large quantities: railway vehicle transportation.
Strong timeliness, small and medium batch, no special line to reach the warehouse: choose road transportation or railway LTL.
According to the inventory and sales volume, choose a low-cost transportation mode. 80% of the goods are transported by rail, and the remaining 20% are guaranteed by road or express delivery.
B, the choice of models
According to the price and nature of the goods, or the specific requirements of customers, choose open cars, closed cars, semi-closed cars, insulated cars and refrigerated cars.
According to the needs of cargo volume and the rationality of stowage, choose a car or container with appropriate tonnage, and try to be fully loaded without dumping goods.
C. Selection of vehicle sources
Road transportation, time is urgent, starting from the place of departure, time is not urgent, try to find a return car.
D. insurance
Railway insurance: handle railway transportation insurance on behalf of customers.
Highway insurance: handle automobile and freight insurance on behalf of customers or customers themselves.
E, line planning (comprehensive planning)
Shipment between single points: according to different feasible routes, modes of transportation and vehicle types, make cost budget and time budget plans, and select the appropriate plan in combination with the focus of customer requirements.
Multi-point shipment or distribution of similar goods:
Factors to be considered: the location and transportation conditions of each departure point, the transportable quantity of the departure point, the location and unloading conditions of the arrival point, the number of arrival points, and the different mileage prices among the points.
Goal: the total freight is the smallest.
Methods: Multiple linear regression analysis.
(2) Distribution management in the city.
First, the choice of models
According to the needs of cargo volume and the rationality of stowage, choose the appropriate tonnage and try to fully load it.
According to the price and nature of the goods or the specific requirements of customers, choose closed cars, semi-closed cars, insulated cars or refrigerated cars.
B. Vehicle source selection: according to the regulations of road traffic management in each city, choose vehicles that can pass in the city.
C, line planning:
Goal: short time, reasonable route and full load.
● One-line multi-unloading:
Factors to be considered: total freight volume, loading point position, unloading point position and quantity, maximum unloading point position, and unloading amount at each point.
Methods: The vehicle tonnage was selected according to the starting freight volume.
According to the starting point and unloading point, the closed line is planned and the unloading order is selected.
● Multi-point and Multi-unloading:
Considerations: possible maximum loading capacity, location of loading points, loading capacity of each point, location and number of unloading points, location of maximum unloading points and unloading capacity of each point.
Methods: The vehicle tonnage was selected according to the maximum load at a certain point.
Production line planning and multiple linear regression analysis
● stowage of goods from different customers:
Considerations: time difference, loading capacity of each customer, location of each loading point, location and quantity of unloading points, and unloading capacity of each point.
(4) Overall planning and optimization of the scheme
The single-point optimal storage scheme, optimal transportation scheme and optimal distribution scheme are not equal to the overall optimization. We must integrate storage scheme, transportation scheme and distribution scheme, and choose the best overall scheme from the perspective of network.
Under the authorization of customers, the overall design of logistics operation scheme is carried out from the whole network:
1, setting of logistics outlets (omitted)
Consideration: omission
● Quantity
● Proportion of each point
● Location
● The main function is local distribution to realize high-frequency turnover.
Low warehouse rent is relatively cheap, reducing the burden of warehouse rent.
Design method:
A, in the existing sales outlets, select some points with the largest sales volume as logistics outlets in the region.
B determination of coverage area: the area that meets the requirements of economic regional distribution is the area of this area centered on this point.
2. Adjustment of storage capacity and distribution frequency (omitted)
Under certain conditions, storage cost and transportation cost are mutually exclusive. As the general agent of customers, we should be able to look at the overall situation, use the method of economic forecasting, make a good cost budget and time budget plan, and choose the best scheme.