The topography of Henan province is north-south, connecting east and west, with high topography in the west and low topography in the east, which is composed of plains and basins, mountains, hills and water surfaces. The land spans four major river basins: Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River. Most of them are located in the warm temperate zone, and the south is subtropical, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate of transition from the north subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone; Henan is located at the junction of coastal open areas and central and western regions, which is the middle zone of China's economic development from east to west.
Henan province is named because most of its history lies south of the Yellow River. In ancient times, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were criss-crossed, with dense forests and numerous wild elephants. Henan is described as a place where people hold elephants, which is the origin of the hieroglyph "Yu" and the origin of Henan's abbreviation "Yu". ?
Henan, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in China, where human beings lived and multiplied at the latest 500,000 years ago. Seven or eight thousand years ago, during the Peiligang cultural period, handicrafts such as agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery were already produced here; By the middle and late period of Longshan culture more than 4,000 years ago, the Central Plains had entered the era of combining stone and copper, and private ownership and class sprouted.