1, no need to recite. Rote memorization is not perfect knowledge, just keeping what others ask to remember in memory. Students should not only remember the teacher's words, but also understand the spiritual essence of what the teacher said and cultivate students' understanding. Students should learn to turn other people's knowledge into their own through understanding and absorption. In this regard, Montaigne also compared learning to eating. He said, "even if our stomachs are full of meat, what's the use if we don't digest it?" What's the use if it doesn't become our thing, if it doesn't give us nutrition and enhance our strength? "
2, don't easily obey the authority, don't blindly follow. Students should learn to think independently. "A person who just follows others will not explore anything and can't find anything." Learning should be like bees collecting honey, learning from others and using it for me. So Montaigne said, "I hope a teacher can teach his students to absorb everything seriously and strictly, and never trust anything authoritative or unexplored." ... give him different judgments, and if he has the ability, he will distinguish between true and false. "
Don't just study books. "Reading alone is poor." Students should talk to others, travel abroad and observe all kinds of strange things. In short, they should take the world as a "learning" to broaden their horizons. If you are stuck in one place, you will be short-sighted
4. Teach students in accordance with their aptitude. A teacher should teach according to the ability of the children he educates from the beginning. If "many children with different physiques and temperaments are guided by the same teaching methods and educational methods", only two or three of them may get good grades or achieve a perfect situation, so they should teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Teachers should first understand students' personality characteristics. In this regard, Montaigne used the metaphor of teachers guiding students to walk to guide students to learn. He said: "The teacher had better let the child walk a few steps in front of him first, so as to better judge his speed and speculate how long he can persist before he can adapt to his ability." If we don't care about discretion, we will often do bad things. "
Teachers should give more guidance to students' learning, give full play to students' initiative and avoid doing everything. Montaigne asked teachers to sometimes "open the way" for students, and sometimes let students open the way themselves. He said: "I don't want the tutor to invent it alone, but he should give students a chance to speak alone."
6. Practice more. Montaigne pointed out that if people want to learn to dance, they can't just watch the dancers dance without dancing themselves. The same is true of learning, so we should make more use of what we have learned. Montaigne said: "Don't ask children to do more homework, but ask them to take action. He should review his lessons in action. "
7. Cultivate children's curiosity to explore things and interest in learning. Montaigne said: "The best way is to cultivate interest and hobby in learning, otherwise we will only educate some fools who are full of books."
8. "The ignorance of beginners lies in not learning, and the ignorance of scholars lies in not learning." The former's ignorance means that they haven't even learned the letters, of course they can't read them, while the latter's ignorance means that they have read many wrong books.