Principles of internal post setting and division of responsibilities in enterprise financial department
(A) post setting and division of responsibilities in accounting work
Accounting work is the basic department of financial department, and the financial information provided by accounting work lays a good foundation for subsequent financial management. Therefore, the post setting of accounting work is the key and foundation of the post setting of enterprise financial department. Accounting posts contain many and complicated contents, so accountants should dutifully review all kinds of original vouchers and register accounting books in time. The final result of accounting work is financial information. Accounting results can not only truly reflect the financial situation of enterprises, but also help financial managers make correct decisions.
(B) financial budget post setting and division of responsibilities
At present, financial budget has become an indispensable part of enterprise financial department. Scientific financial budget helps to motivate employees to actively carry out business work and promote the realization of enterprise goals. Through the implementation of the budget of the financial department of the enterprise, the financial personnel of the enterprise can find out the problems existing in the existing business work in time, and then make appropriate adjustments to the development plan. Therefore, the financial budget post is an integral part of the post setting of the financial department, and enterprises should attach importance to the responsibilities of financial budget personnel to ensure that the financial budget post can play its due budget effect.
(3) Post setting and division of responsibilities of fund management.
The fund management position is an important department in the financial department. Fund management is not only an effective control of fund movement, but also involves the whole process of fund management, including the source of fund raising, the preparation of fund budget and the assessment of fund use. Effective fund management helps enterprises to improve the efficiency of fund use and ensure the full use of enterprise operating funds, thus laying a solid foundation for the timely use of enterprise funds. Therefore, the post setting of the financial department must consider the relevant contents of fund management to ensure that the post responsibilities of fund management are clear enough and ensure the smooth completion of fund management.
(4) Post setting and division of responsibilities of audit supervision.
The internal audit supervision module of enterprise finance department is responsible for the process supervision and audit of financial work. The audit supervision function of some enterprises belongs to the financial department, but some audit supervision functions are controlled by independent audit departments. Therefore, when setting up the audit supervision function, we should ensure the independence of the audit supervision function, and then ensure that the audit function can play its due role, realize the objective and active supervision of financial work from time to time, and then make up for the shortcomings in internal control work.
Countermeasures for internal post setting and division of responsibilities in enterprise financial department
(a) accurate positioning of internal positions and responsibilities
Enterprises should accurately locate internal posts and responsibilities, and ensure that financial posts are set reasonably and responsibilities are divided correctly. The setting of financial posts should not only conform to the reasonable division of responsibilities and accurate positioning, but also meet the actual needs of financial work and follow the inherent laws of financial work. The setting of financial posts should include reasonable setting principles and job content requirements. The post responsibility system of enterprise financial department is holistic, scientific and reasonable, which should at least include the division of responsibilities, departmental coordination, assessment and reward and punishment mechanism. It is necessary to elaborate on the authority of different financial positions and clarify their responsibilities, so that when problems are found, solutions can be found in time. For example, regarding the responsibilities related to accounting and budgeting, accounting and budgeting personnel should make a financial budget within a reasonable time according to the development status, external environment, capital status and market expectation of the enterprise, feed back the problems in the process of budget implementation to superiors in time, find out the reasons why the budget deviates from reality in time, implement the responsibilities of relevant positions, and ensure the quality of the budget.
(2) Pay attention to the coordination among internal posts.
Enterprises must pay attention to the coordination between posts when constructing the financial post setting system, and the formulation of financial post responsibility system should strictly follow the requirements of relevant accounting laws and regulations to avoid legal risks caused by financial irregularities. The internal post setting of the financial department should be combined with the actual business situation of the enterprise, and the post responsibilities should be scientifically determined, so that the post setting and the division of responsibilities can neither escape the responsibility nor expand the business power beyond the authority. The internal post setting in the financial department of an enterprise should be strictly in accordance with the incompatible post separation system, according to the number of employees in the enterprise, and according to the post setting methods such as one post with many people and one person with multiple posts, so as to realize the mutual restriction between incompatible posts. The responsibilities of financial posts should define the rights, responsibilities and obligations of the financial department and specific posts, which should include not only the scope of responsibilities of the financial department, but also the main responsibilities and specific requirements after post division. Coordination of financial work is an important part of financial post responsibility system. It is necessary to clarify the scope and responsible person of work coordination, as well as the content and requirements of work coordination.
(C) to build a sound internal control and internal supervision mechanism
The establishment of internal posts and the division of responsibilities in the financial department of an enterprise cannot be separated from a perfect internal control system. The implementation of internal control must be based on a correct and strict internal control system. Some enterprises do not attach importance to the formulation of internal control system, resulting in the implementation of internal control system can not be relied upon. Only by establishing a perfect internal supervision system can the internal control work be carried out smoothly. In the construction of internal control, enterprises should, according to their own advantages, comprehensively consider factors such as effectiveness, integrity and cost, brainstorm and listen to the opinions of all employees, and strive to build a set of internal control system suitable for themselves. In addition to the internal control system, the internal supervision mechanism of enterprises is equally important, and the construction of internal supervision mechanism involves a wide range. In an enterprise, an audit department or an accounting supervision team can be established, and at the same time, internal employees can be mobilized to supervise economic and business transactions at any time. Under the environment of perfect internal control system and internal supervision system, the internal posts of the financial department can play their functions according to the rules, thus ensuring the quality of financial information.
(4) Improve the overall quality of personnel in the financial sector.
The internal post work of enterprise financial department can not be separated from qualified financial personnel. In order to ensure the smooth performance of the duties of the financial department of an enterprise, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the quality training of the financial department personnel. The financial department personnel are not only accountants, but also other accounting budget, management accounting and fund management personnel. Therefore, on the whole, the financial department personnel should have higher professional quality and professional standards. With the rapid change of external economic environment, the work of enterprise financial department puts forward higher requirements for the personnel of financial department. First of all, the financial department of an enterprise should be a comprehensive talent with accounting ability, management ability and operation ability, that is, the financial department personnel should have solid financial professional knowledge and work skills, and should also understand the basic knowledge of computers and the relevant contents of financial management theory. In addition, the financial department personnel should also understand the organization's strategic objectives and market positioning, and pay close attention to the organization's operating conditions in time. Only when the financial department personnel have comprehensive skills can they be more conducive to the implementation of the financial department's work and comprehensively supervise and manage the whole process of economic business. Therefore, constantly improving the professional quality of financial department personnel is an important basis for enterprises to perform their duties. Enterprises should regularly organize personnel to learn the latest financial policies and accounting financial management theory knowledge, exchange learning experience and training experience in time, supervise accounting personnel to seriously study the post management system, improve their professional work ability, and at the same time pay attention to the professional ethics cultivation of financial department personnel, publicize moral model deeds, form an example force, continuously improve the professional ethics quality of financial department personnel, and ensure the significance of post setting.
Enterprise financial sector indicators
liquidity ratio
Liquidity is the ability of an enterprise to generate cash. It depends on the amount of current assets that can be converted into cash in the near future.
liquidity ratio
Formula: current ratio = total current assets/total current liabilities
Standard value set by enterprise 2
Significance: Reflect the ability of enterprises to repay short-term debts. The more current assets, the less short-term debt, the greater the current ratio, and the stronger the short-term solvency of enterprises.
The analysis shows that the short-term risk of corporate debt is greater when it is lower than normal. Generally speaking, business cycle, the amount of accounts receivable in current assets and inventory turnover rate are the main factors affecting the current ratio.
quick ratio
Formula: quick ratio = (total current assets-inventory)/total current liabilities.
Conservative quick ratio =0.8 (monetary fund+short-term investment+notes receivable+net accounts receivable)/current liabilities.
Significance of the standard value: It can better reflect the ability of enterprises to repay short-term debts than the current ratio. Because the current assets also include the inventory that is slowly realized and may have depreciated, the current assets are deducted from the inventory and then compared with the current liabilities to measure the short-term solvency of the enterprise.
The analysis shows that the quick ratio below 1 is usually considered as low short-term solvency. An important factor affecting the credibility of quick ratio is the liquidity of accounts receivable. Accounts receivable on the books may not be realized and may not be reliable.
General tips for liquidity analysis
(1) Factors to increase liquidity: available bank loan indicators; Long-term assets to be realized; Reputation of solvency.
(2) Factors that weaken liquidity: unrecorded contingent liabilities; Contingent liabilities arising from guarantee liability.
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