Therefore, the open garden space in the city is more and more favored by people. The landscape lighting design of this "urban oasis" has been paid more and more attention. So what are the common methods for the design of different types of landscapes?
Landscape lighting commonly used lamps 1, large-scale scene lights: 4-8 meters high, daytime is the scene. Turning on the light at night has two effects: scene and light, and some have one color: atmosphere and seriousness.
2. Street lamp: the general height is 6-12m. The standard reason requires that the selection of street lamp height should be coordinated with road width. After inquiry, I found that the elbow street lamp may be unsightly if it is not high enough.
3. Courtyard lights: 2.5-4m high, rich in style, widely used in residential areas and some scenic spots.
4. Lawn lamp: height: 0.5-0.8m, with various styles. It belongs to decorative lamp and can be used as auxiliary lighting. Some areas between lawns that need low illumination should be given auxiliary illumination.
5. Buried lamp (Buried lamp): The light source is upward, which is different from the cover. For example, adjust the direction of light according to columns, trees and other light. According to the direction of the grass or a specific plane, etc. Add a cover to the nearby lights.
6, according to the tree lights: installed around trees, there are few lights specially used for this, buried lights, projection lights can also achieve this effect.
7, underwater lights: put in the pool, if the light source is LED, there are many colors. The waterproof level has different regulations according to the water depth, and ultra-low voltage should be used to ensure safety.
8. Step lamp (sidewall lamp): It is mainly used for small-scale local lighting of stairs, which not only makes people see the steps and roads clearly. , but also played a role in setting off the steps.
9. Wall lamp: installed on colonnade, at both ends of gate, in the middle of wall, etc. There are many patterns, scenery during the day and lights at night.
10, floodlight: As the name implies, it projects light to a specific part to highlight accent lighting.
1 1. floodlight: light is scattered and belongs to surface light source.
12, linear light: the light source power is not very large, and it is often used in groups to outline large strips of light.
Outdoor landscape lighting design scheme The most commonly used night lighting of buildings includes floodlighting, outline lighting and internal light transmission lighting.
The floodlighting of the building facade is to directly illuminate the building facade with floodlights according to a certain angle of design and calculation, and reshape the image of the building at night. Its effect can not only show the whole picture of the building, but also effectively show the shape, three-dimensional sense, decorative stone and material texture, and even decorative details of the building.
Floodlighting does not simply reproduce the daytime image of buildings, but uses the means of projecting light, color and shadow to reshape the more moving, beautiful and magnificent image of buildings at night.
Building outline lighting is to directly outline the building outline with line light sources (string lights, neon lights, Minolta lights, light tubes, LED light strips, whole-body light-emitting optical fibers, etc.). ). Illuminating the edges of buildings with narrow beam lights can also play a role in outlining.
Interior transparent lighting is the use of indoor light or lamps installed in special locations to transmit light from the interior of the building, forming a delicate night lighting effect.
The shape and area of the night lighting square are amorphous and changeable. The setting of lighting must be based on the premise of meeting the functional lighting, and give full play to the functions of the square according to its inherent characteristics.
Square landscape lighting, first of all, we should unify the landscape lighting of buildings around the square with the lighting of the square part, coordinate the lighting of the square and the roads around the square, and unify the inherent culture.
Square lighting mainly includes fountain, square ground and signs, tree array, underground shopping mall or subway entrance lighting and surrounding green space, flower beds and other environmental lighting.
Night lighting of bridges Modern bridges are mostly cable-stayed bridges, including twin towers and one tower. Cable-stayed bridges are characterized by cables. The lighting of the bridge will focus on this feature. With different lamps and unique artistic techniques, a huge harp stands on the river.
In order to set off the overall effect of the festive atmosphere of the bridge, 1 art lamps can be placed every 4-5 meters along the road on both sides of the bridge to make them become a string of shining pearl necklaces.
The floodlighting of the main tower facade can be divided into three aspects: from bottom to top, it is most important to make the whole main tower crystal clear, flawless and magnificent.
In order to make the main tower fully illuminated and have a good perspective effect, a platform should be set under the road surface, and the tower foundation above the water surface should be illuminated from top to bottom by floodlights, so that the lighting effect of the tower is like a giant standing on the river.
The landscape lighting tower of the tower is usually composed of several basic parts, such as base, tower body and top of the tower, which constitute a harmonious whole. The architect gave each part a corresponding meaning when designing. They all have corresponding functions. From an aesthetic point of view, their aesthetic value lies in erecting a landmark for a region. Therefore, the complete lighting performance of each part of the tower is very important. If only one part is displayed, or one part is more popular than the other, it will alienate the overall image of the tower.
The lighting setting of each part of the tower should consider the demand of viewing. The top of the tower is usually a long-distance viewing, and the brightness of the lights should be appropriately higher;
The tower body is often a part with rich details and bearing architectural style. Therefore, it is necessary to choose targeted lighting techniques, carefully depict the components and carvings of the tower body, and highlight the main parts of the tower body with emphasized lighting techniques.
The tower foundation is a part close to people, and the lighting performance of this part is to complete the integrity of the tower image. Their lighting should take into account people's feelings when they watch at close range, and the configuration of lighting brightness, light tone and light projection direction should aim at people's visual comfort.
As far as the whole tower is concerned, the illumination of illumination light should be gradually increased from bottom to top, which can create a sense of towering and conform to the visual law of people watching the scenery.
The landscape lighting overpass of overpass is often located on the main road of the city, which is an important part of the overall effect of urban landscape lighting. Looking at the overpass from a distant height, it is a lane that goes up and down and then spreads around. The image of the driveway is mainly expressed by the railings beside the driveway. Overpass is a multi-level and multi-lane vertical overlap, and the relationship between the depth of the performance level can truly reflect the landscape charm of overpass.
Green space should be set up in the overpass area, which plays an important role in regulating the landscape environment of the bridge area and should be fully utilized.
Looking at the panoramic pattern of the overpass from a height, not only the outline of the lane edge line, but also the lighting composition and sculpture in the green space, as well as the bright lines formed by the street lamps in the bridge area. These lighting elements are integrated to form an organic whole picture.
Waterscape lighting is an important part of garden landscape. There are many forms of waterscape, including large lakes with open water and rippling blue waves, and waterscape such as streams, fountains, waterfalls and cement pools.
The night lighting method of water surface mainly uses the real scene of water surface landscaping and the lighting of trees and railings on the shore to form a reflection on the water surface. The reflection and the real scene set each other off into interest, and the dynamic effect of the reflection makes people full of interest and beauty.
For fountains and waterfalls, underwater lighting can light up underwater lights of the same or different colors according to a certain pattern, which is magical and interesting.
Landscape lighting of trees Trees are one of the four elements of landscape architecture. There are many kinds of trees, which not only beautify the environment for people to watch, but also have the function of regulating and protecting the environment. Lighting should be treated differently according to the height, size, appearance and color of trees.
The role of the road in the park illuminates the lighting method of the road in the park: the road is the vein of the garden, guiding tourists to various scenic spots from the entrance. The path twists and turns, creating an effect of walking in different scenes and winding paths. Lighting methods should be closely related to this feature.
Sculpture sketches and signs in landscape lighting gardens are ornamental; The other is commemorative. Lighting should be projected from the side from top to bottom according to the characteristics of sculpture, especially for the key parts such as head, expression, material, color and surrounding environment, so as to create a lighting effect with true expression, suitable luster and strong three-dimensional effect. Narrow beam lamps with suitable light sources should be selected to avoid the direction of tourists' sight and prevent glare interference.
Landscape Lighting of Ancient Buildings China's classical architecture is unique and self-contained, with its inherent characteristics in materials, modeling, plane and spatial layout. The main building is in the middle, and other buildings develop to both sides according to the central axis. The architectural form is basically composed of step base, roof and house body.
The roofs of classical buildings in China are often made into soft curves, with stilts around cornices and blue-gray tiles or glass bricks on them, which is one of the inherent characteristics of classical buildings in China. Therefore, accurately grasping this feature and highlighting it in the form of light at night is the key to the lighting of classical buildings in China.
The portal arch composed of criss-crossing terminal platforms has become a unique form of classical architecture in China. The oil painting of the arch of the beam and column door increases the aesthetic feeling of the building through colorful patterns. The use of suitable lamps and the selection of suitable light sources are the keys to the lighting of classical buildings in China.
Lighting treatment of terrace base In view of the differences in layout, modeling, color and materials between Chinese classical buildings and modern buildings, lighting, color matching and lamp modeling should be based on highlighting the characteristics of ancient buildings and strive to accurately express their unique classical architectural culture and artistic connotation.
In the specific design, according to the specific situation of the design object, we should use it flexibly and adopt different landscape lighting methods.
Landscape lighting design pays attention to the unity of whole and part, part and individual. Every landscape lighting project in the city is a part of the overall lighting of the city, which should not only reflect the local characteristics, but also meet the requirements of the overall lighting planning of the city. In a local area, the lighting of each building (structure) or node must be coordinated with the landscape lighting style and form of the area while showing its own characteristics. Therefore, in the process of landscape lighting design, we should determine the positioning and style of landscape lighting projects from different spatial scale models, and consider the influence of the surrounding environment on the project, as well as the influence on the surrounding environment and even the whole night landscape of the city after the project is completed. Considering the needs of current construction, it should also be forward-looking to meet the needs of sustainable development in the future.
The unity of artistic and technical landscape lighting should consider the viewing effect of lights at different distances and angles, show the characteristics of each project at night, and at the same time, do not destroy the landscape effect during the day, and fully consider the reliability of installation, convenience of maintenance and safety of operation. We often see such failures, such as huge lamps and exposed pipes installed on pavilions or similar buildings, which almost destroy the aesthetic feeling of the original buildings; The projection angle and installation position of some lighting lamps are unreasonable, which increases the difficulty of installation, inconvenient maintenance and even threatens the safety of tourists and pedestrians; Some supports on the high-altitude wall are seriously corroded, pipes are suspended outside the curtain wall glass, and the hot floodlight glass is close at hand. These phenomena can be completely avoided by careful design at the design level while ensuring the artistic effect of lighting.
Landscape lighting, which combines lighting effect with humanistic care, is to meet the needs of tourists to enjoy the landscape at night. Therefore, we must emphasize people-oriented and provide people with an elegant, comfortable and safe lighting environment. In the design, by reasonably setting the position of lamps, selecting cut-off lamps, adding shading plates and grids, light pollution and potential safety hazards can be avoided, and the lighting design effect can be achieved.
Unity of technology and economy In design, landscape lighting projects should adopt technologies, materials and products that meet the green lighting conditions to the maximum extent, and adopt new light sources with long life, high energy efficiency and good stability, such as LED lamps, T5 lamps, solar lamps, energy-saving lamps, ceramic metal halide lamps, etc., to meet the requirements of energy conservation from the source, and improve the efficiency of lighting systems through various methods (such as using electronic ballasts and capacitance compensation). In the layout of lighting system, line laying and lamp installation, people's safety, fire prevention, theft prevention and easy maintenance should be fully considered, and at the same time, the principle of cost performance should be used to consider the economy of investment. In the control of switching lights, it is necessary to implement automatic control regularly and set different scene modes such as working days, weekends and festivals; Under special circumstances, you can also flexibly adjust the time and range of switching lights. Through the real-time detection of operation conditions, faults can be found and eliminated in time, the labor intensity of maintenance can be reduced, and the work efficiency can be improved, which has good social and economic benefits.