The first-generation ID cards (hereinafter referred to as the first-generation ID cards) are issued from 1984, and personal identification information is recorded in the form of cards. Anti-counterfeiting measures are mainly through physical media and can only be read visually. Therefore, there are some defects such as unique ID number, many errors in identity information and easy forgery. Because the first-generation certificate subject itself does not use digital technology, it is very difficult to manage the information of the holder.
On the other hand, with the continuous advancement of social digitalization and networking, the disadvantages of the non-digital design of the first-generation certificate are becoming more and more obvious, and a digital, safe and reliable personal identity document is urgently needed. The second-generation ID card (hereinafter referred to as the second-generation ID card) was developed by the First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security from 1994. The second-generation ID card is loaded with a digital IC chip, which increases the storage capacity of the chip (about 4KB, and the information of 1KB has been stored at present), and can realize the machine reading of personal identity information. Because the second generation card adopts the digital anti-counterfeiting encryption technology developed by the Ministry of Public Security, it can effectively prevent the data information stored in the ID card chip from being illegally written or tampered with, and prevent the resident ID card from being forged.
Since 2004, the second-generation ID card has been renewed nationwide. Up to now, more than 700 million second-generation ID cards have been issued. It is estimated that the sequel will be basically completed by the end of this year, and the final circulation will exceed 654.38+0 billion.
The second generation certificate information storage and certificate inquiry adopt database and network technology, which can realize online inquiry and identity identification. This is a change from the ID card to the unique digital identification role of personal identity, and its application scope will be greatly expanded. Many business systems, whether it is banking, insurance, securities or household registration management, will gradually develop in the direction of digitalization based on ID cards. The construction of related information systems will also invest huge manpower and material resources, and the country has invested more than 7 billion yuan in just one identity information center database. According to Yu Xiaojun, general manager of Beijing Sichuang UnionPay Co., Ltd., who specializes in software and hardware development of the second-generation card, the second-generation card needs to be connected with financial, insurance, securities, postal services, banks, customs, taxation, industry and commerce systems, involving hardware, software, systems and other links: the data read from the dedicated second-generation card reader enters the application system through the application access platform, network and server to complete processing.
According to Yu Xiaojun, the application of the second-generation certificate involves more than 80 industries, which is very extensive and has become the contact point for everyone to deal with society.
However, along with the advantages of the popularization of the second-generation certificate, there are also shortcomings of convenience. Although the second-generation certificate involves a wide range of aspects, such as identity identification, authentication, and personal information identity retention, and the market demand is also great, because both sides of the second-generation certificate have effective information, it needs to be copied on both sides in some sensitive applications, which not only wastes paper, but also is inconvenient to operate. According to statistics, it costs 2 billion yuan more to copy the double-sided second-generation certificate every year, which will cause 40 billion yuan of waste according to the 20-year validity period of the second-generation certificate. Some people even suggested stopping the second-generation ID card.
In this regard, Yu Xiaojun believes that we can't waste food because of choking. What really needs to be solved is the new problems faced by digital application after the popularization of the second-generation certificate. For example, develop special equipment and read and keep the digital information on both sides of the second generation certificate at the same time. Sichuang UnionPay also cooperated with Hewlett-Packard to develop a device integrating information collection and printing of second-generation cards, which can read, retain and print multiple second-generation cards at the same time, which not only reduces waste, but also improves efficiency. According to Yu Xiaojun's calculation, this market alone has a market scale of 6.5438+0 million units.
Although it may be unrealistic to realize the dream of "replacing all the cards in your wallet with ID cards", the vast market space around the new generation of ID cards is gradually opening up. (Chen Bin)