1 Necessity and urgency of inter-basin water transfer
1. 1 Present situation of water resources development and utilization in Shandong Province
Shandong Province is one of the provinces with the most serious water shortage in northern China. According to analysis and calculation, the average total water resources for many years is 30.6 billion m3, with a per capita share of 344 m3. Even with the 7 billion m3 of Yellow River water allocated by the state, the per capita share is only 423 m3, which is less than the national 1/6 and the world average 1/25. It belongs to the world water crisis area. Since the founding of New China, a large number of water diversion projects, groundwater exploitation projects, irrigation and urban water supply projects have been built in Shandong Province, forming an annual water supply capacity of 26.5 billion m3, and the designed Yellow River diversion capacity has reached 21.55 m3/s. Since 1987, the actual average water supply for many years has been 2431300 million m3, including surface water. The development and utilization rate of water resources in the province is 64.66%, of which the development and utilization rate of groundwater has exceeded 90% (some areas have been over-exploited or seriously over-exploited). It can be seen that the present situation of water resources development and utilization in Shandong Province has reached a high level, which is generally close to or slightly exceeds the reasonable water resources carrying capacity under realistic conditions.
1.2 The water shortage situation is severe.
Since 1980s, the situation of industrial and agricultural water supply in Shandong Province has been continuously tense, the surface water resources are seriously insufficient, the groundwater resources continue to be over-exploited, and the urban and rural water supply is frequently in emergency, which has caused huge losses to industrial and agricultural production and brought serious consequences to people's life, social stability and ecological environment, especially Jiaodong, the most water-deficient area in Shandong Province. According to the drought statistics of 1980-2000, the average affected area of farmland in the province is 2.654 million hm2, the affected area is1163,000 hm2, the harvest area is163,000 hm2, the grain output is reduced by 2.7 million tons, and the affected population is 9.65 million. In 2003, the continuous drought in northwest, southwest and central Shandong caused great losses to Shandong's agricultural production.
Drought and water shortage not only pose a serious threat to agricultural production, but also have a great impact on water supply in cities, industrial and mining enterprises. In the early 1980s, water shortage appeared in Qingdao. After 1988 and 1989 continuous droughts, water supply crisis occurred in Weifang, Yantai, Weihai, Zibo and other cities. In particular, the continuous drought and water shortage from 1998 to 200 1 year caused an extremely serious water supply crisis in most cities in Shandong Province, especially in Jiaodong. Four million people in 30 cities (including counties) such as Weihai, Yantai, Jinan, Zibo, Weifang and Dongying have difficulty in using water, and residents' domestic water is forced to be supplied regularly. The monthly quota of Weihai and Yantai is 1 m3 and 1.5m 3 respectively. If the water consumption exceeds the quota, a punitive water price of 40 yuan /m3 will be levied. Industrial water must be protected and forced, and a large number of industrial and mining enterprises have closed down. It is preliminarily estimated that the direct economic loss caused by insufficient water supply exceeds 5 billion yuan every year.
In the future, with the development of industrial and agricultural production and the improvement of people's living standards and urbanization level in Shandong Province, the water demand in all aspects will continue to increase. If strong measures are not taken, the situation of drought and water shortage in Shandong Province will become more and more severe in the future, and the drought will be more harmful.
1.3 Necessity and urgency of inter-basin water transfer
At present, the development and utilization of water resources in Shandong Province has reached a high level, and all localities are generally facing the grim situation of serious groundwater overexploitation, water pollution and environmental degradation. In order to maintain the demand for water for urban and industrial and agricultural development, they are forced to sacrifice environmental and rural water to ensure urban life and industrial water. In the future, with the economic development and social progress, the social demand for water will continue to increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources will intensify day by day. The lack of water resources seriously restricts the sustainable development of Shandong's economy and the process of reform and opening up, and has extremely adverse effects on social stability and ecological environment. In order to completely change the situation of water shortage in Shandong Province, support the sustainable development of economy and society, strengthen water conservation, increase pollution control, realize sewage recycling, further rationally allocate and develop local water resources, implement inter-basin water transfer, and start the construction of South-to-North Water Transfer Project as soon as possible.
2 South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Shandong Province
Shandong section of South-to-North Water Diversion Project consists of north-south trunk line and east-west trunk line. Upon completion, a T-shaped water conveyance artery will be formed across the north-south and east-west trunk lines of Shandong Province, which can lay a good engineering foundation for the optimal allocation and unified dispatching of water resources in Shandong Province.
2. 1 project layout
2. 1. 1 The main line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Shandong Province enters the Hanzhuang Canal in Shandong Province from the boundary of Sulu Province, and the main line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is divided into three parts from bottom to top. 1) Lunan water conveyance trunk line: located in the south of the Yellow River. After the trunk line enters Shandong from the Jiangsu Central Canal, Hanzhuang Canal, Nansi Lake, Ji Liang Canal and Liu Changhe are the trunk lines for water delivery, and it is pumped to Dongping Lake step by step through the 7-stage pumping stations of Taierzhuang, Wannianzha, Han Zhuang, the second dam, Changgou, Denglou and Baliwan. The total length of the water trunk line is 249.5 kilometers. Among them, Hanzhuang Canal is 42.6 kilometers; Very long. From Hanzhuang Canal to Nansi Lake via the old canal, Nansi Lake is used for water transfer and storage, with a line length of115.5 km; After coming out of Nansi Lake, it goes north along the Ji Liang Canal, passes through Changgou and Denglou Pumping Station, and pumps water into Liu Changhe step by step. Ji Liang Canal is 57.2 km long and Liu Changhe is 21.2km long. Very long. Baliwan Pumping Station is built at the end of Liu Changhe River, pumping water into Dongping Lake (the old lake area), which is used for water storage and water delivery. The line length is13.0km.. 2) Yellow River Crossing Project: The Yellow River Crossing Project is a water conveyance project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which runs from Dongping Lake Gate on the south bank of the Yellow River to a small canal on the north bank of the Yellow River, and is an important hub for water conveyance from the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to the north of the Yellow River. The hub consists of three parts, namely, the south water conveyance canal section, the yellow river crossing hub section and the north water diversion main canal section, with a total length of 16.89 km. 3) Lubei water conveyance trunk line: after crossing the Yellow River, it will convey water from Liaocheng to Linqing via a small canal, with a length of112 km; Self-flowing water to Dezhou through Qiyi River and Liuwu River, length109 km; ; The total length of the water conveyance line in Shandong section north of the Yellow River is 22 1 km. In order to ensure the water use of industrial and mining enterprises and towns in Dezhou and its nearby areas, it is planned to build a new Datun Reservoir in Enxian Depression, Datun Township, Wucheng County. The total length of the north-south trunk line in Shandong section of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is about 487.39 kilometers.
2. 1.2 east-west water transfer trunk line is Jiaodong water transfer trunk line, starting from the first flood diversion gate of Dongping Lake, the last storage lake south of the Yellow River of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and reaching Mishan Reservoir in Weihai in the east, with a total length of 704.5 km. From west to east, it consists of three sections: west, middle and east.
(1) West Section Project: The water is delivered by gravity from the diversion sluice of Dongping Lake Canal to the sluice on the Qing Zi River of Xiaoqing River diversion channel, passing through Tai 'an, Jinan, Binzhou and Zibo, with a total length of 240.4 kilometers. It is a key project connecting the north-south water conveyance trunk line in Shandong section of South-to-North Water Transfer Project with the Jiaodong water conveyance trunk line and the middle-east section of Yellow River Diversion Project. This section is bounded by Murizhuang Gate of Xiaoqing River, and the upper section is 89.89 km, in which the original Jiping main canal is used to expand 42.0 km and the new water conveyance channel is 47.2km；. . Under the Mulizhuang sluice of Xiaoqing River, the water conveyance section of Xiaoqing River is 3 1.3 km (sewage diversion). After arriving at Mengjiazhuang Sluice, a new water conveyance channel was built on the left bank of Xiaoqing River. After entering the Xiaoqing River flood diversion channel, the sub-channel of the flood diversion channel was excavated and dredged for 84.65 km, which was connected with the Yellow River Diversion Project. In order to improve the degree of water supply security, two new water storage reservoirs, East Lake and Shuangwangcheng, are planned.
(2) Mid-term project: the Yellow River Diversion Project is mainly used to tap the potential. The first phase of the project is from the upper sluice of the Yellow River Diversion Project to the Songzhuang sluice of the Yellow River Diversion Project, pumping water through the Songzhuang and Wang Yang pumping stations, with a total length of 142.6438+0km. After the second phase of the project expands the scale of water supply to Jiaodong, the middle section of the project will continue to extend from Songzhuang sluice to the planned intake of Xinlanting Reservoir by using the Qing Ji Canal section of Yellow River Diversion, and the southern line project of the eastern section will be added to expand the water supply scope. The Yellow River Diversion Project is 206.7 kilometers from the auxiliary sluice of the flood diversion canal to the water intake of Lan Ting Reservoir.
(3) Eastern Project: The Eastern Project is divided into northern and southern projects. The northern project will be implemented in the near future and the southern project will be implemented in the long term. By then, the Yangtze River water will cover the whole Jiaodong Peninsula. Recently, the northern line project is a water diversion project from the Yellow River in Jiaodong area, which has been approved by the state and will be implemented soon. In this project, the Songzhuang diversion sluice will be built at the designed mileage 160+240 of the Yellow River to Qinghe River, and an open channel will be built along Wei Yan Highway to Huang Shuihe, with a length of 16 1.4 km. After passing through Huang Shuihe, water is supplied to menlou reservoir in Yantai City and Mishan Reservoir in Weihai City through pressure pipes and culverts, and water is pumped step by step through seven pumping stations, namely, Huibu, Dongsong, Xinzhuang, Huang Shuihe, Wenshitang, Huang Wu and Xing shi bo, with a total length of160.6 km; . The total length of the north line water conveyance line in the eastern section is 322.0 km. In the long-term southern line project, the Huang-Ji-Qing line extends southward to the planned Xinlanting Reservoir, and passes through Jimo, Laixi, Laiyang, Haiyang, Rushan and Wendeng to the Wantou Reservoir in Rongcheng, with a total length of 288.0 kilometers, of which the length below Lan Ting Reservoir is 222.8 kilometers.
2.2 Project scale
According to the Master Plan of South-to-North Water Transfer Project compiled by the Ministry of Water Resources in July, 2002, the east route project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is initially planned to be implemented in three phases according to the principle of opening first, then smoothing and implementing by stages.
Phase I project: mainly supplying water to Shandong and Jiangsu provinces. The project scale is 500 m3/s for pumping river, 200 m3/s for Nansi Lake, 200m3/s for Shanghu Lake 125 m3/s, Ji Liang Canal 100 m3/s, Dongping Lake 100 m3/s, 50 m3/s for Yellow River crossing and 50 m3/s for Jiaodong area. The designed water diversion flow of Dongting Lake Hutou in Jiaodong water main line project is 50.0 m3/s, of which the water diversion scale in the west section, middle section and east section of Jiaodong main line is 50.0 m3/s, 37.0 ~ 29.0 m3/s and 22.0 ~ 4.8 m3/s respectively. The first phase of the project is planned to start in 2002, with a construction period of 5 years and be completed in 2007. The static total investment of the main project is 654.38+07.7 billion yuan.
Phase II project: On the basis of Phase I project, the water pipeline will continue to extend northward to deliver water to the southeast of Hebei and Tianjin. The scale of the project is to expand pumping the river to 600 m3/s, to 270 m3/s in Nansi Lake, to 220 m3/s in Shanghu Lake, to 200 m3/s in Ji Liang Canal, to 170 m3/s in Dongping Lake, to 100 m3/s across the Yellow River and to 50 m3/s in Jiaodong area. The static total investment of the main project is10.24 billion yuan.
Phase III project: On the basis of Phase II project, we will continue to expand the scale of pumping canal and increase the water supply of provinces and cities along the line. Expand the pumping of the river to 800 m3/s, 425 m3/s in the lower lake of Nansi Lake, 375 m3/s in the upper lake, 350 m3/s in Ji Liang Canal, 325 m3/s in Dongping Lake, 200 m3/s across the Yellow River, and 90m3/s in Jiaodong area ... The designed flow at the head of Dongping Lake, the Jiaodong water conveyance trunk line, is 90.0 m3/s. The water conveyance in the middle section is 51.0 ~ 40.0m3/s. On the basis of basically maintaining the original water conveyance scale in the northern section (appropriately expanding the pipeline section), the water conveyance project in the southern section is added. The water conveyance scale is planned to be completed before 2030, and the static total investment of the main project is 654.38+025 billion yuan.
2.3 scope, target and quantity of water supply
2.3. 1 water supply scope Shandong water supply area of the East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer covers Jinan, Qingdao, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Dongying, Yantai, Weifang, Jining, Tai 'an, Weihai, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Binzhou and Heze * * * 17 counties, cities and districts.
2.3.2 Water Supply Target The short-term water supply target of the East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer is mainly urban water supply, giving consideration to agricultural and ecological water use, giving priority to meeting the water demand of key cities at or above the prefecture level, and focusing on solving the water demand of county-level cities and counties with relatively developed economy and serious water shortage. By utilizing the Yangtze River water, cities will gradually return the agricultural water and ecological water occupied by cities, effectively control the over-exploitation of groundwater, protect water resources, establish water-saving and pollution-proof cities, basically curb the deterioration trend of ecological environment caused by water shortage, alleviate the contradiction between urban and rural water use, and realize the sustainable development of social economy.
2.3.3 According to the comprehensive analysis and demonstration of water supply, the average annual water demand in the water supply area of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Shandong Province in 20 10 and 2030 is1412 million m3 and 3.454 billion m3 respectively (the cumulative water demand of water intakes in cities of water transmission trunk lines). The water supply area in Jiaodong is 837 million m3 and 2.329 billion m3 respectively. The water supply area in northern Shandong is 380 million m3, 610.40 billion m3; The water supply areas in southern Shandong are10.95 billion m3 and 510.00 billion m3 respectively.
3 The position and role of the East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer in the economic and social development of Shandong Province
3. 1 East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is an important guarantee for Shandong's sustainable economic development strategy.
Shandong Province is a resource-based water-deficient economic province, with a per capita water resource of only 344 m3, which is far below the internationally recognized critical value 1 000 m3 necessary to maintain a region's social and economic sustainable development. It belongs to the water resources crisis area, and the per capita water resources are less than 500 m3. From the water supply crisis in Qingdao in the early 1980s to the water supply crisis in Yantai and Weihai in the late 1990s, and then to the persistent drought in northwest, southwest and central Shandong this year, it can be seen that water has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of social economy in Shandong Province. After the implementation of the East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the water supply areas, which account for 73.7% of the province's land area, can transfer water1.41.200 million m3 and 3.454 billion m3 respectively in 2065, 438 and 2030, which can greatly alleviate the serious shortage of water resources. Therefore, the construction of the Eastern Route Project is an important guarantee for implementing the sustainable economic development strategy of Shandong Province, promoting the sustained and stable social and economic development of Shandong Province, promoting the transformation of Shandong Province from a big economic province to a strong economic province, and building a "big and strong, rich and beautiful" Shandong in the 2/kloc-0 century.
3.2 The East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is an important infrastructure to realize the optimal allocation of water resources in Shandong Province.
The East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer enters Shandong from Hanzhuang Canal, and delivers water to Dezhou in northern Shandong via Hanzhuang Canal, Nansi Lake, Ji Liang Canal, Liu Changhe River, Dongping Lake, Yellow River Crossing Project, Small Canal, Qiyi River and Liuwu River, forming its north-south water delivery trunk line.
The first sluice in Dongping Lake area is connected to the Yellow River Diversion Project eastward via Pingzong main canal, Xiaoqing River and its flood diversion channel. A new Songzhuang flood diversion sluice is built at the Yellow River Diversion Channel 160+240, and water is delivered to menlou reservoir in Yantai City and Mishan Reservoir in Weihai City along the newly-built Wei Yan highway water conveyance line. This long-term project will transfer water eastward from the newly-built Lan Ting Reservoir to the Wantou Reservoir in Rongcheng City, forming an east-west water supply trunk line in Shandong Province.
The planned Yishu River water resources utilization project will lead the water from Daguanzhuang sluice in yi river to Nansi Lake through Liudaokou sluice in yi river, forming another east-west trunk line, which can transport the abundant Yishu River water resources in Shandong Province to Nansi Lake, and then to its water-deficient areas through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.
Therefore, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong Province will form a T-shaped water conveyance artery, connecting the water conveyance, storage and distribution projects of all cities and states in the province, forming a huge water supply network, which can basically realize the unified dispatching of water resources in the four major basins of Huaihe River, Yellow River, Haihe River and Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province, and realize its water supply goal of north-south allocation and east-west complementarity.
3.3 The East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project can effectively stimulate the sustained economic growth of Shandong Province.
The East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is a super-large infrastructure that fundamentally solves the shortage of water resources in Shandong Province. After the completion of the project, it will have a great impact on the province's economy, society and ecological environment, and at the same time, it can effectively stimulate the province's economic growth during the construction period.
Shandong Province invested 65.438+06.5438+003 billion yuan in the first phase of the East Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, 2.789 billion yuan in Jiaodong Yellow River Diversion Project, and 65.438+0.010.50 billion yuan in the first phase of the supporting project in the whole province. Together with the water pollution prevention and control project, the first phase of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is 65.438+33.6 million yuan. The first phase of the project will be completed by the end of 2002, with an average annual investment of 7 billion yuan. According to the statistical data of 200 1, it can boost the GDP growth rate of Shandong Province by 0.28 percentage points every year.
3.4 The East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project can create more employment opportunities.
Whether in the construction period or the operation period of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, it will help to alleviate the employment pressure in the process of modernization in Shandong Province. During the construction period, huge investment can not only directly absorb a considerable number of labor employment, but also develop together with related industries to create more employment opportunities. According to the estimate that every 5000 ~ 65438+ ten thousand yuan investment creates 1 job opportunity, during the construction of the first phase of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, 7000 ~140 thousand job opportunities can be added every year. During the operation period after the completion of the project, the factors of expanding employment opportunities will be further increased, especially with the continuous improvement of water resources conditions in the vast water receiving areas, land and mineral resources will be added and developed, the production scale of enterprises will also be expanded, and some emerging industries will develop rapidly, which can absorb a large number of labor employment.
Therefore, the construction of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is related to the overall situation of the province. The construction of this project is not only an important guarantee to realize the strategy of sustainable economic and social development in Shandong Province, but also can effectively stimulate the sustained economic growth in Shandong Province and promote the healthy development of all sectors of society.
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