This troubled ancient man was Wang Zhi, the leader of maritime trade in the Ming Dynasty. The name of the teacher who smashed the tombstone, for other reasons, has now become an unspeakable 404. History is paradoxical, which naturally makes people confused. Where can onlookers pay attention to it clearly? The reason why the teacher smashed the tombstone is because Wang Zhi is a recognized enemy in history. He joined forces with outsiders to violate the interests of his country, which can be called a traitor.
In that case, let's start with the name of the enemy.
The so-called enemy, in the early stage, refers to the local strongmen in Malaysia, Yin, Fei and other places, who organized and planned armed looting of the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula during famine or crop failure. In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozong (1223), the history books recorded that "the enemy of the State of Jin", "women and children were all slaughtered" and "captured our people, burned our treasures and were awed by thousands of miles". The Mongol and Yuan Dynasties failed in their two expeditions to the East, and the samurai wave gathered in Kyushu invaded Korea. Some of them combined with businessmen, plundered in the name of trade and ravaged the coastal areas of North Korea and China. In the seventh year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1303), businessmen were forbidden to go to sea for this purpose, and the city transportation organization was temporarily cancelled. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was no official contact between the Yuan Dynasty and Japan, and Japanese ships sailed westward, all of which raped Wang Min and robbed business.
Muromachi shogunate fought against Jianwu Southern Dynasties, with frequent wars and unpredictable rise and fall. All the samurai's names were either Tian Shelang, who went to the emperor's hall at dusk, or saw him entertaining guests and his building collapsed. Many evil party soldiers and bankrupt peasants who were crushed by the wheel of the Great Age also joined the ranks of thieves, hiding in the grass in the mountains and doing some businesses without capital. There are not enough bandits and thieves in Japan, so they become pirates at sea, feeding on blood and eating meat here in Korea and China. Japan's Taiping Ji records that:
For more than forty years, there has been chaos at home and no peace abroad. Taking advantage of this commotion, mountain thieves get in the way, tourists dare not walk through the Woods, pirates haunt, and merchant ships avoid being taken away by them. Greedy and insatiable surfers formed a group and occupied the island. There are no long post stations, and the checkpoints are nominal. Thieves prepared several boats and flocked to the ports of Yuan Dynasty and North Korea, plundered the treasures of Mingzhou and Fuzhou, and burned government offices and monasteries. In order to prevent this, the officials and people of the Yuan Dynasty and the Three Koreas moved inward, and the coastal counties in various countries were deserted.
With the demise of the Southern Dynasties, Muromachi tokugawa era conquered this country. Japan established official trade with Daming, and in order to ensure the safe and smooth trade passage with Ming, the shogunate generals of past dynasties tried their best to restrain the looting of Japanese pirates. In the third year of Yongle (1405), Ashikaga Yiguang captured 20 Japanese pirates and presented them as prisoners to Daming. Ming Chengzu ordered him to handle it himself, and the emissary returned to Ningbo, unwilling to take the prisoners home, and simply cooked 20 people in a casserole and killed them all. Tomorrow will be a hundred years. The two countries need each other's needed goods, maritime trade will flourish and the Japanese will gradually perish.
After Ren Ying, the power of Muromachi shogunate was marginalized, so that this pot of good soup and water fell into the control of Hosokawa Morihiro and Ouchi. Seeing the fame of western countries, General Ashikaga can only drool and lament that domestic thieves are hard to prevent. In the second year of Jiajing (1523), Ningbo fought for tribute, and Ouchi and Hosokawa Morihiro openly fought on my land. Beijing's ruling and opposition parties were furious, gradually closing trade and strictly forbidding the sea.
However, times have changed, and the century-long maritime trade has cultivated a large number of armed private businessmen in both China and Japan. It won't be so easy to close the door again. The Japanese maritime armed groups, such as Zongxiangshi in the big island at home and abroad, Yoda in the coastal area of Hou Feng, Songpu in Youdi and Huhu, are the most powerful, while Danai in Zhou Fang is one of the many pirate groups.
In the early years of Jiajing, there were two main maritime merchants in the Ming Dynasty: Anhui and Fujian. Bald head (nickname) and Dong. The protagonists of this paper, Wang Zhi and Xu Dong, are fellow villagers in Shexian County, Huizhou, and core members of Xu Dong Group.
Wang Zhi was young and down-and-out. When he grew up, he was chivalrous, resourceful and charitable, and he was good at winning the trust of others. In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), he went to Guangdong with fellow countryman Xu and Fujian native Ye Zongman to build ships and trade abroad, and accumulated a lot of wealth. Later, Wang Zhi joined the Xu Dong gang because of his fellow countryman relationship, moved to Shuangyu Port in Ningbo, and continued to engage in overseas import and export trade. Chief negotiator of Haishang Group, executive director of MOFTEC, director and secretary general of Shuangyu Forum for Asia.
Shuangyu was originally an uninhabited island in the southeast of Dinghai County. Its terrain is steep, the east and west mountains are opposite, the north and south water inlets are connected, and there are hills as the gateway barrier, which is convenient for fighting and defense. The middle of the island is more than 20 miles wide, which is a good intermediary for Nanyang tourists to trade goods with mainland maritime merchants. Ke Fan can come here without paying taxes to the city shipping company, while the maritime merchants can easily exchange the antiques from Nanman, and the profits will be doubled if they change hands. At that time, it was recorded in Ningbo that for more than ten years, the wealthy businessman Dajia made a profit by transportation and built many ships all over the sea.
In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), Fujian private merchant Jin Lao occupied Shuangyu Port and lured the Portuguese, a new maritime power in East Asia, to trade here. In the second year, Fujian pirate Li Guangtou settled in. In the 22nd year of Jiajing (1542), four brothers of the Xu family came to Shuangyu Port, and Xu Dong, a Huizhou merchant, was the second. Xu Dong then called his compatriot Wang Zhi.
At first, Shuangyu Port's trading partners faced Southeast Asia. The main trade products are spices from Southeast Asia, silk and raw silk from Sumu and China, and the Portuguese are the main participants in the trade.
1453 On May 29th, Ottoman Sultan Muhammad Ⅱ conquered Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire perished. All over the world, Luo Jing shed tears. With Ottoman monopolizing the land trade between East and West and imposing heavy taxes, Europeans gradually came up with the magical idea of abandoning the existing trade routes, bypassing other places and importing luxury goods directly from Asian origin.
Almost at the same time, the movement of recovering lost land in Iberian Peninsula achieved great success. Portugal and Spain defeated the Islamists who had occupied the peninsula for 800 years. God bless them to rebuild the kingdom of heaven. Therefore, the Portuguese firmly believe that they are sacred voters and want to find ways to expand for Christians all over the world. With the support of Prince Henry, the navigators sent by Portugal began to set sail and explore the unknown.
1487 Diaz arrives at the Cape of Good Hope in Africa. D 'Gama arrived in India on 1498, and returned to Lisbon the following year loaded with treasures, peppers and cinnamon. The news spread, Portugal was ecstatic, and many Portuguese sea merchants flooded into Southeast Asia for trade. Relying on a few elite soldiers and overwhelming firearms, they opened up the spice trade in Asia and established the Portuguese business empire.
15 10, the Portuguese fleet commander Albuquerque occupied Goa, India, and Portugal's colonization of Goa continued until 196 1 year after India's independence. 15 1 1 year, the Portuguese fleet conquered Malacca. Florence Empoli, who was involved in the robbery at that time, wrote in the letter: "Believe me, it is rich in oil, has great things, has a city surrounded by magnificent high walls, trades in various commodities and wealth, and has various customs and lifestyles. Our Europe is hardly worth mentioning. India is the worst and poorest place in the east. "
Portugal invaded the spice islands and got its hands on the Moluccas. 15 14, Portuguese Alvarez arrived in Guangzhou and asked for trade with China. After being rejected, the Portuguese erected a stone tablet in Tuen Mun Seagull, intending to occupy it. The local officials of the Ming Dynasty were dumbfounded and tried to expel them. Portugal bribed local officials and got permission to go north to see the emperor.
In the sixteenth year of Zheng De's reign (152 1), the Portuguese envoy went to Beijing to see Zhu Houzhao, a Ming Wuzong. That year, Emperor Zheng De died and Jiajing succeeded to the throne. There was a naval battle between China and Portugal in Tuen Mun, and Wang Hong, the deputy envoy of Guangdong, beat up the Portuguese fleet and drove it out of the Guangdong Sea.
In desperation, the Portuguese who tasted failure gave up the idea of official trade and began to hook up with private businessmen along the coast for smuggling trade. Shangchuan Island in Guangdong, Zhangquanfu in Fujian and Shuangyu Port in Zhejiang have evolved into important nodes of maritime and non-governmental trade between China and Portugal.
Since ancient times, state-owned shipping companies have always waited for customers to kowtow, while private shipping companies have tried their best to expand the market and scale. In order to be too big to fail, even if the key nodes bombed 2.2 billion financial fraud. After the maritime merchants in Shuangyu Port have eaten all over Nanyang, it is a natural choice to go north to Japan. Japan's "Iron Cannon" records the historical event that the Portuguese first arrived in Japan.
In the twelfth year of astronomy (1543), Ding You had a big ship in Xiaopu, Nishimura on August 25th, and I don't know where it came from. There are more than 100 passengers on board, all of whom are surprised by their different shapes and language barriers. Among them, there is an Amin Confucian scholar named Wufeng, whose surname is unknown. When Nishimura was in charge of the weaving department, he knew a lot about writing. He walked through five peaks and wrote a book on the beach with his walking stick. The guests on the ship don't know their nationality. What a difference! Wufeng is a book cloud, which is a wild species of Jia and Southwest China.
The five peaks of Confucian scholars mentioned in this article are said to be Wang Zhi, a businessman. Under the arrangement introduced by Wang Zhi, Shi Yao of Tanegashima exchanged 2,200 gold for two western iron cannons, and arranged Babanqing, a craftsman known as the "father of Samoan iron cannon forging and smelting", to learn iron cannon manufacturing and gunpowder refining from Portuguese businessmen. Babanqing decided not to hesitate to marry her daughter to the Portuguese, and finally learned this craft, and successfully copied the Japanese-made 1 iron cannon, which is still preserved in her home in Tanegashima.
From then on, the iron cannon began to spread, and three branches appeared: Jizhou, Iraq and You Guo. The Genlai Temple in Jizhou armed soldiers with iron cannons, which became the origin of Genlai. Businessmen almost controlled the production and output of iron cannons throughout the country. The vicinity of Jiangguoyou Village has become the largest iron cannon production base of Oda Nobunaga. 1575. In World War I, Tian Jun defeated Takeda's invincible red equipment with three-stage attack on iron cannons, which was Nobunaga's wild hope.
Wang Zhi, nicknamed "Master of Five Peaks", waved his sleeves in Tanegashima, which greatly changed the historical trend of the Japanese Warring States Period. Really, not really, like Monday's dream.
In the 24th year of Jiajing (1545), ouchi's tributary ship went to Ningbo to seek trade, but it was turned away because the tributary period was less than ten years. Led by Wang Zhi, Japanese businessmen went to Shuangyu Port to participate in private trade. When the tribute ship returned to China, Wang Zhi went to Japan with him and recruited three Hakata businessmen to continue smuggling with him. As a result, Shuangyu Port in Ningbo has become a trading place where Chinese, Japanese and Portuguese maritime forces gather. The accumulation of goods and the flow of wealth prohibit litigation.
Japan is rich in silver, which is what China's maritime businessmen are eager for. Japan asks Daming for a large number of copper coins to support domestic currency circulation. As for the Portuguese, almost all the goods produced in Asia are coveted and almost want to buy them. When they are short of money, they use firearms as a temptation and even brazenly take action to solve trade disputes by means of pirates.
In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), a Portuguese businessman, Pereira, gathered a dozen or twenty outlaws because of a dispute over payment for goods, attacked a village near Ningbo, killed a dozen people, and raped the victim's wife and daughter. This incident caused extreme panic among local residents in Ningbo and a strong reaction from the Zhejiang government.
The reason is that the victim is a famous Xie family in Yuyao, whose ancestors were college students, with wide connections and prominent authority. This gentry family in coastal areas, relying on their lofty skills, secretly engaged in private business and maritime trade, often bought at low prices and defaulted on the final payment. When the owner came to ask for the payment, they betrayed their faith and dominated the market, claiming to sue the owner for smuggling and threatening to breach the contract. In the long run, getting rich angered the Portuguese who were born as pirates, so there was a disaster.
Businessmen from one country run to the territory of another country, even if they divide a piece of land without authorization, they kill senior nationals of other countries and rape and plunder them. This is not an open crime against the strong, but a face-to-face struggle. Authorized by Jiajing, Zhejiang Governor Zhu Wan sent troops to wipe out the pirate dens in Shuangyu Port.
In March of the 27th year of Jiajing (1548), Don Lew, the commander-in-chief and Fujian provincial envoy, led thousands of Fujian soldiers, and Shen Han, the deputy envoy of Zhejiang, led thousands of Zhejiang soldiers to clear Shuangyu Port from coastal defense. The Fujian-Zhejiang water army came prepared, with sharp soldiers and sharp firearms. In the first world war, the pirate leader Li Guangtou was captured alive and the Japanese pirate ship was captured. The rest of the sea merchants were heartbroken and dispersed in a hubbub. After Shuangyu Port was breached in April, more than 1290 ships came to the high seas for trade for a month in a row, which shows that the scale of private enterprises on weekdays is shocking. Seeing that it was difficult to ban, Zhu Wan simply ordered the burning of the Tianfei Palace, churches, hospitals, private houses and other port facilities, filled the port roads with wood and stones, and completely abandoned the port.
The Ming Dynasty navy pursued the defeated pirates and won another victory in Zoumaxi, Fujian, capturing 96 Chinese and foreign maritime merchants. In order to ban maritime trade, Zhu Wan designated these 96 people as Japanese pirates and beheaded them all, which shocked Fujian and Zhejiang. Noble families and senior gentlemen in Fujian and Zhejiang all use maritime trade. Although these coastal officials support the fight against piracy, if they cut off their private business, they will touch their vested interests. The so-called financial deprivation is like killing the mother of her father. Zhu Wan wants to kill your parents, two powerful indigenous families in Fujian and Zhejiang. How can it end well?
The court summoned Zhu Wan to Beijing for interrogation on the charge of "murder and arson" and dismissed him. Zhu Wan sighed and said, "I'm poor, sick and angry, so I won't audit the accounts. The emperor didn't want to die, so Fujian and Zhejiang people killed me. " Suicide.
Zhu Wan's death was not because of his own punishment, but actually because he banned maritime trade. It is easy to steal foreign countries, but difficult to steal China. It is particularly easy to steal China Binhai, and it is particularly difficult to steal China. After Zhu Wan's death, the private business of maritime trade has been uneasy, but it has intensified.
Shuangyu Port was attacked and destroyed, and Fujian thief Li Guangtou was captured and killed. Xu Dong, a badge thief, had nowhere to escape, and Yu Haishang attached himself to it and moved northward to Fierce Table Mountain in Tunpu. Liebiao Mountain, also known as the port of fame and fortune, is the barrier between Ningbo and Shaoxing. With the strength of private commercial trade, Wang has become a leading figure in China's maritime industry.
(Article 57 ends)