Problem description:
Why the earth keeps spinning.
Analysis:
The earth rotates around its axis from west to east, which is the rotation of the earth. The rotation axis of the earth is called the earth axis. The earth rotates from west to east.
In order to prove that the earth is rotating, the French physicist Foucault (1819-1868) made a successful swing experiment at 185 1, hence the name Foucault pendulum. The experiment was carried out in a dome building in Paris, France. This pendulum is 60 meters long and weighs 28 kilograms. The suspension point is specially designed to minimize friction. This kind of pendulum has great inertia and momentum, so it is basically unaffected by the earth's rotation and swings for a long time. In the experiment of Foucault pendulum, people can see that the swing plane rotates slowly clockwise and the swing direction changes constantly. By analyzing this phenomenon, it is found that the swing plane is not affected by external force, and according to the law of inertia, the spatial direction of the swing will not change. Therefore, it can be seen that the change of the swing direction is due to the counterclockwise rotation of the earth where the observer is located, and the observers on the earth have seen the phenomenon of relative motion, which strongly proves that the earth is rotating. Foucault swings in different positions. In the northern hemisphere, the swing plane rotates clockwise; In the southern hemisphere, the pendulum plane rotates counterclockwise, and the higher the latitude, the faster the rotation speed; The pendulum on the equator hardly turns.
"The earth is spinning" does not mean "the earth is spinning". Kant-Laplace's "nebula hypothesis" that the power of the earth's rotation comes from the inside of the earth misleads earth science. The earth will not turn for no reason, it has no power inside! The reason why the earth rotates once every 24 hours is because it revolves around the sun at a speed of more than 654.38+ 10,000 kilometers per hour. On the way, it encounters the lateral thrust of the solar wind, which causes plasma westerly circulation at high altitude, and the westerly wind at high altitude pushes the ground westerly wind and the ocean current flowing eastward, thus pushing the earth to rotate from west to east.
First, the earth is spinning.
? Today, people say that "the earth rotates" only describes the attitude of the earth itself revolving around the sun. Its position relative to the sun rotates once every 24 hours. Relative to the position of the star, it rotates once every 23 hours and 56 minutes, which is the basis of the current time scalar, the origin of the solar day and sidereal day, and the reason why the earth appears morning, day, dusk and night. The concept of "Earth rotation" reveals the natural phenomenon of "Earth rotation". ? In fact, Philolous, Heritas and others in ancient Greece have long proposed the conjecture of the earth's rotation. In China's book Dead Bodies during the Warring States Period, there has been a saying that "heaven is left and the earth is right", and this natural phenomenon was confirmed and accepted by people after it was put forward by 1543 by Kirby Heliocentrism.
? However, why does the earth rotate? What is the reason for the rotation? Where does the power of rotation come from? Why do you choose the current direction, posture and speed to rotate? These are all unsolved problems in modern science. It doesn't need to repeat the proven natural phenomenon of "Earth's rotation", but to find out the reasons behind the phenomenon of Earth's rotation, and find out the power source and its restrictive factors.
? "Earth's rotation" is already explaining the reason for the earth's rotation. It must be affirmed that the driving force of the earth's rotation lies in itself, inside the earth rather than outside, and lies in its own internal force rather than external force. Denying the "rotation of the earth" does not mean denying the phenomenon of "rotation of the earth", but denying that there is a motive force to promote its rotation inside the earth, just as the motive force of the rotation of a water mill does not lie inside the grinding body. So "Earth rotation" is not equal to "Earth rotation". They are two different concepts. It is a "mistake" to equate the two.
? Second, "error" misled the branch disciplines.
? For centuries, people seem to be used to attributing the phenomenon of "Earth's rotation" to the earth's own behavior, but they are not more aware of the difference between these two concepts, and they have not questioned the power source of "Earth's rotation" carefully. On the basis of "the rotation of the earth", several generations have boldly opened up the fields of sub-disciplines, including geomechanics and aviation mechanics, taking angular momentum, inertia and Coriolis effect produced by the rotation of the earth as their own power sources; Astrophysics uses the principle of "Earth's rotation" to explain the motion of other planets and celestial bodies. Philosophers have summed up the general law that "the motive force of the movement of things exists inside things"; Other branches have used this principle to "satisfactorily" explain other natural phenomena. In such an atmosphere, anyone who instigates the cornerstone of "the earth turns on its own" will inevitably touch a series of branches and trigger a chain earthquake, and the scientific community will rise up and crack down.
? The problem is that these branches of science misled by "false waiting" have reached a very difficult situation. For example, meteorology has always believed that zonal circulation is caused by "the earth's own rotation", but Venus only rotates once in 243 days, but it has a zonal wind greater than the earth. What is the explanation? Geomechanics believes that the mountains are squeezed westward by the crust because they can't keep up with the rotation speed of the earth itself, so Venus hardly rotates. How did the two huge mountain systems and the Grand Canyon on its surface come from? In addition, I will give you an earth and put it in the same orbit in space. Can it spin? Finally, the question of whether the earth rotates has been sharply mentioned in front of modern science and cannot be avoided.
Third, the fictional "nebula theory"
? Science has done nothing wrong, and the reason why the conclusion is inconsistent with the fact is that it was misled by Kant-Laplace's nebula theory. Since Copernicus confirmed that the earth is rotating, people began to explore the power of the earth's rotation. Newton's mechanics accurately described the earth's rotation and precession 300 years ago, but Newton did not discuss the power source of the earth's rotation physically, but simply attributed it to God's "first push".
? 1755, Kant invented a kind of "primitive nebula" in the book "the history of the universe-the structure of the whole universe according to Newton's theory and its mechanical origin". The earth was born in the gravitational contraction of this nebula, so it keeps the rotational inertia generated during the contraction, and then rotates forever according to Newton's law of inertia. The power of "earth rotation" was born when the earth was formed, and the reason why the earth rotates is the earth. ? With Laplace's mathematicization of this imaginary hypothesis, Kant-Laplace's nebula theory was born. "Earth rotation" is recognized as the reason of the phenomenon of "Earth rotation" and has become a powerful weapon to overcome the God-driven theory.
? Of course, there are Jones-Jefferies collision tide theory, Schmidt's capture theory, Bennett's new catastrophe theory and so on. This paper puts forward different views and derivation on the initial source of the earth's moment of inertia, but it is not different from Kant's view on the force source of the earth's rotation, that is, there has always been some primitive moment of inertia in the earth. The reasoning process of these hypotheses has a common feature, that is, the first premise is fictitious, and there is no evidence of observation and experiment.
? Science cannot be based on assumptions that cannot be verified by experiments. The Kant-Laplace Nebula hypothesis is unreliable and cannot be used as the basis of scientific argumentation. Besides, the primitive nebula invented by Kant doesn't exist at all. If there were primitive nebulae 5 billion years ago, there would be no starlight 5 billion light years away, because nebulae do not emit light. Now there are starlight, which means there are no nebulae. Similarly, five billion years later, when people there saw the starlight of our sun, they also said that we were once a primitive nebula. Can you believe it?
? Fourth, the earth will not turn for no reason.
? Or give you an earth and put it in the same orbit. Can you turn? Maybe you think that if you don't give it a moment of inertia in advance, it won't rotate. Then you are wrong. You are repeating the idea of the early space age. ? In the 1960s, the former Soviet Union and the United States launched satellites into space to detect solar radiation, so that the lens was fixed on the sun and rotated around it. Surprisingly, the satellite rolled in space and the lens swayed from side to side, making it impossible to photograph the sun. There is no Kantian gravitational contraction and no given moment of inertia inside the satellite. Why do satellites turn around for no reason? ? Repeated failures have made scientists doubt the traditional concept of space. Besides gravity and magnetism, there must be a third force in space. Otherwise, objects in space, including the earth, will not rotate for no reason. Fifth, the third force in space.
? In the 1970s, space exploration found that the sun was blowing "wind"! That is to say, the plasma particles on the surface of the sun are blowing violently in all directions. The average wind speed measured near the earth's orbit is about 450 km/s, sometimes reaching 770 km/s. Most of the particles in the flow are hydrogen nuclei, followed by helium nuclei and a few other elements. ? These charged particle streams roared through the orbital space of the earth, giving a certain momentum to all obstacles blocking their progress. It blows the space probe from left to right, blowing the gas and dust of the comet out of the head of the comet, forming a coma of tens of millions of kilometers, deforming the earth's magnetosphere. The windward surface is squeezed within a radius of about 80,000 kilometers, while the windward surface is extended to more than 2 million kilometers.
? The earth's magnetosphere is actually a plasma particle circle captured by the earth's magnetic field. Because of its shielding effect, the proton flow of the solar wind hitting at high speed stops at its outer edge, forming a so-called "shock wave". The force of each hydrogen nucleus impacting the earth's plasma sphere in the solar wind can be obtained by Newton's second law of motion.
? F=ma
? The mass m of the hydrogen nucleus is 1? .67× 10? -27? Kg, a is its acceleration, and a = (v-v? 0)/t, if the velocity v of this hydrogen nucleus changes from 460 km/s to 0 within 1 s after hitting the earth's plasma layer, then A is 460,000 m/s? 2. Therefore, the force of this hydrogen nucleus acting on the earth plasma sphere is 7? 68× 10? -22? Newton. ? The radius of the earth's plasma magnetosphere (magnetosphere) is about 365,438+00,000 kilometers, and its maximum cross-sectional area is about 3× 65,438+00? 2 1? Centimeter? 2. It is known that the density of solar wind near the earth's orbit is about per centimeter? 3 contains five hydrogen nuclei, so the number of hydrogen nuclei that hit the earth's plasma sphere every 1 s will be 6? .9× 10? 29? It can be concluded that the total thrust of the solar wind acting on the earth's plasma sphere per second is 5. 300 million newtons. This force is equivalent to making 5? 300 million tons of objects get an acceleration of 1mm per second, and the mass of the whole earth plasma atmosphere does not exceed 6000 tons, so the solar plasma atmosphere is completely dominated by the solar wind. Because plasma floats on the earth's atmosphere, and the earth's atmosphere is the carrier of plasma, the pressure of the solar wind on the plasma sphere will inevitably transfer downwards, thus causing the corresponding deformation of the atmosphere. ? According to the meteorological measurement of the earth's atmosphere, the total weight of the earth's atmosphere is about 5.3 trillion tons, and the atmosphere behind the sun is usually thicker than that at the sun110. In other words, the atmosphere behind the sun is 53 trillion tons heavier than that of the sun. Considering that the atmosphere at high altitude is very thin, now suppose that its atmospheric density is only one millionth of that at low altitude, that is, the atmosphere at the back of the sun is only 5? .300 million tons. If there is no external force in space, the atmosphere should be evenly distributed on both sides of the earth's center of mass, then this 5. Where does the external force of 300 million tons come from? It is obviously the solar wind, which is the result of the solar wind pressing the earth's plasma layer through charged particles and indirectly acting on the earth's atmosphere.
? The solar wind is the third force in space, pushing the earth like an invisible giant palm. Of course, because the mass of the earth is too great to push it out of orbit, it will permanently act on one side of the earth, which will inevitably affect the walking posture of the earth in space. The rotation of the earth must be related to the solar wind.
? Six? 5? .300 million tons of intangible load
? If the earth is still in space, then the solar wind is stronger and the pressure is F? 1、F？ 2 (as shown in figure 1- This machine can't map) Balance acts on both sides of the earth's center of mass, and you can push the earth to the right along the X axis, but you can't push it around the earth. ? In fact, the earth does not stay in space, but rotates around the sun at a high speed of 65438+ million kilometers per hour. The situation is different for a moving celestial body. The pressure of the solar wind is on the left side of the y axis, which will inevitably produce a moment. Theoretically, objects floating in space have no frictional resistance. As long as there is a torque of only 1 kg, it can also pull the handle of a huge celestial body, because the external force of 1 kg has broken the balance of the celestial body around the center of mass.
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[TS (] [JZ] [HT5 "h] Figure 〓 1 [HT] [TS]]
Because the angle between the particle movement direction of the solar wind particle flow and the earth orbit is close to 90, and it permanently acts on the sunny side, it can be assumed that the resultant force of the solar wind acts on point C and the pressure is 5? 300 million tons, and when the material at point C advances at a high speed along the Y axis with point O, this lateral pressure becomes the frictional resistance when point C advances longitudinally, which is equivalent to the left hemisphere being hit by a pneumatic brake shoe or a 5? 300 million tons of stealth load. Just like a balloon rolling on the water, the contact point between the ball skin and the water surface is the rolling friction point, which is equivalent to point C? Once friction resistance appears near point C, the left hemisphere will slow down, and the right hemisphere without resistance will still move along the Y axis at the original speed under the action of inertia. If the inertia force of the right hemisphere is concentrated at point A, the direction is the same as the Y axis, the force F is exactly 530 million Newton, and the arm R is half of the equatorial radius of the earth, that is, 3 189 km, then the moment m of point A can be obtained by the following formula:
? M=r×F
? = 3 189000m× 5？ .300 billion Newton
? = 1? .7× 10? 15? Rice? newton
? This moment m makes point A always faster than the average speed of the earth's revolution, which causes the earth to move counterclockwise around point O on the earth axis, that is, from west to east when viewed from the North Pole.
Seven. Rotating plasma wind wheel
? Counting the meteors in the summer night, some people may ask, where did so many stones fall into the earth's atmosphere? In fact, in addition to countless stones, ice, sand and dust, there are a lot of free plasma air masses floating in space. When people run on the road, they will feel the wind blowing on their faces. This oncoming wind is caused by people moving forward, which is called "walking wind". When the earth "walks" in space at high speed, the free air mass in space will also come face to face, resulting in the earth walking wind. The earth's walking wind is parallel to the Y axis, but in the opposite direction, perpendicular to the solar wind, and acts on the earth together, as shown in Figure 2.
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[ts (] [JZ] [ht5 "h] Figure 〓 2 [ht] [ts)]
The traveling wind exerts a certain pressure on the outermost plasma gas layer of the earth, pushing the atmospheric pressure in the D area to the B area, resulting in a thin gas layer on the OD side and a thick gas layer on the OB side, that is, OB > OD. ? The solar wind exerts greater pressure on the outermost gas layer of the earth, pushing the atmospheric pressure in area C to area E, resulting in the gas layer on the OC side being thinner than that on the OE side, that is, OE > OC. ? Comparing the effects of these two winds on the earth plasma wind wheel, the wind speed of solar wind is 450 km/s, while the walking wind is only 29? .8 km/s, the walking wind is ten times smaller than the solar wind. In addition, the walking wind only occasionally, locally and intermittently contacts the earth's outer atmosphere, while the solar wind acts on the earth permanently, comprehensively and continuously, so the solar wind is the main force to promote the earth's wind wheels.
? Because the pressure of the solar wind is greater, it plays a decisive role in the movement of the earth's gas wheel. Because the atmospheric stress area in CD area is smaller than that in CB area, the pressure of solar wind on CB area is greater than that in CD area. The arm lengths on both sides of the earth's center of mass are different, OB > OD, and the forces on both sides are unbalanced, so the earth's air wheel tends to rotate counterclockwise. ? Because the plasma near point B is far away from the center of the earth and has little gravity, it is more likely to be blown to area A by the solar wind. Once the atmosphere in CB area is squeezed into BA area, the atmosphere in A area will move to AE section under the action of gravity, the atmospheric pressure in OBAE 1 area will be greater than that in ODE area, the atmosphere in DC area will move to D area, the atmosphere in DC area will be filled into CB area, and the whole earth gas wheel will start to rotate and become the plasma wind wheel of the earth.
? Eight, the wind wheel winds around the earth.
? Even if the solar wind is level 5? The pressure of 300 million tons is less than 1 trillion times the mass of the earth. It is obviously nonsense to directly use this force to explain the rotation of the earth, a huge rigid body. It is only a setting to use the solar wind as an external torque to twist the rotating handle of the earth. In fact, the solar wind cannot directly act on the rigid body of the earth. It indirectly transmits the force to the earth through the wind wheel and the water wheel, and finally causes the earth to rotate. ? With the decrease of plasma height, the specific gravity of plasma increases and the atmospheric density increases. At an altitude of 50 ~ 500 kilometers, it is basically a thin atmosphere at high altitude. This thin atmosphere is the carrier of the plasma layer, and the rotation of the plasma westerly wheel will inevitably stick it to produce the same circulation. The measurement results show that the thin atmosphere over 50 kilometers forms zonal circulation from west to east. It has always been an important factor in calculating missile trajectory, that is, the "high-altitude westerly wind factor". Its average wind speed is about 900 m/s, but because of the thin atmosphere, its wind is sharp and weak.
? The low-altitude atmosphere below 50 kilometers is the carrier of the high-altitude thin atmosphere, and the high-altitude westerly factor forms the global westerly circulation in the low-altitude atmosphere, thus starting the wind wheel of the whole earth. The wind moves from the outer ring to the inner ring, forming a westerly wind system around the whole earth. The earth is suspended in a rotating wind wheel, which wraps the earth and rotates from west to east, as shown in Figure 3.
? 70% of the earth's surface is ocean, which is the hydrosphere of the earth and the main carrier of the atmosphere. The westerly circulation of the atmosphere will inevitably blow and stick to the ocean surface for co-circulation. In fact, the ocean currents on the earth are dominated by wind, such as west wind drift around Antarctica, which flows endlessly from west to east all the year round under the influence of the west wind. If there is no land on the earth, then the seawater will make a global zonal circulation driven by the westerly system. ? When the seawater flows eastward, it will surely stick to the seabed and push the coast to rotate eastward. The Pacific westerly airflow in the largest water area of the earth has been pushing the Cordillera Mountains eastward, and the longest coastal mountain system in the world has become the largest turning handle of the earth. In this way, the solar wind grabbed the handle of the rigid body of the earth through the wind wheel and the water wheel, and pushed the earth to rotate from west to east step by step.
Nine, the earth's rotation speed formula
? When the earth starts, accelerates and rotates, if the speed is not controlled, it will inevitably crack like an overspeed flywheel. How is the speed of the earth controlled now? ? Since the power source of the earth's rotation comes from "two winds" and the wind power of the walking wind depends on the revolution speed of the earth, the wind power of the solar wind and the revolution speed of the earth around the sun determine the rotation speed of the earth, that is to say, the rotation speed V of the earth is directly proportional to the product of the wind power F of the solar wind and the revolution speed U.
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V=F×U
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If v > f? U, then you must slow down, if v
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Figure 4 shows that the westerly winds and westerly airflow in the south and north mid-latitudes are greater than the geostrophic linear velocity, which pushes the earth eastward and accelerates it. However, the velocity of westerly wind and westerly wind flow in equatorial region is less than the geostrophic linear velocity, which becomes "negative westerly wind". It's like a car driving downwind. When the speed exceeds the wind speed, the wind will turn into a headwind. At present, the easterly belt on the equatorial ground is transformed from "negative westerly wind", and the equatorial easterly airflow in the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean is also transformed from "negative westerly wind". Equatorial easterly airflow and equatorial easterly airflow push the earth to the west and slow it down.
? If the earth is artificially accelerated, it will encounter greater resistance from equatorial easterly wind and equatorial easterly airflow. If the earth slows down, it will encounter greater thrust from the north and south westerly belts and their westerly airflow. The earth seeks a balance between two north-south thrusts and an equatorial pull, so as to keep its rotation speed in the resultant force of "two pushes and one pull". The rotation speed of the earth is directly controlled by the wind wheel and the water wheel, so you can't choose or change your own rotation speed at will.
? X. "The wind turns to the ground"
? The argument that the solar wind drives the earth's rotation is entirely based on the observed evidence, which can perfectly explain the problems faced by the atmosphere, ocean, geology and other disciplines and truly reflect the state of the earth's movement. ? However, Pluto does not turn, Uranus falls asleep and turns, Venus reverses, and Mercury turns slowly. How to explain the rotation of these planets? Why does the earth rotate? How to control the speed of revolution? ..... If these problems are not solved, the power of the earth's rotation will still not fall. Fortunately, the fruitful planetary exploration since the 1970s has accumulated a large number of observational data to solve these problems, which will prompt people to re-evaluate the hypothesis of the origin of contemporary planets. The following sections will mention these problems one by one, which will dispel any doubt about the principle that the solar wind causes the earth to rotate.
? This principle can be summarized as follows: the power of the earth's rotation comes from the outside. It is the combined force of solar wind and walking wind that starts the earth's wind wheel and water wheel. Under the direct drive of the wind wheel and water wheel, the earth rotates from west to east. The earth itself will not turn, nor will it turn. How to turn, fast or slow, depends on the vector and resultant force of the excircle. This is the real reason for the phenomenon of "Earth's rotation". In order to distinguish it from the theory of "earth rotation", I simply call it "wind-driven rotation theory"
? Some readers will think that the soap bubbles blown out of space will still rotate under the action of the surrounding airflow. Can such a simple principle be called "the great secret of the earth"? I understand such readers very well, because the author once had similar thoughts. So many scientists all over the world have never even thought about this truth. The facts are regrettable. They didn't ask such questions. They didn't tell us the exact power source of the earth's rotation. No matter how many times you have attended international and domestic academic conferences on geodynamics, you can hear an old tune similar to Kant's, which is the formula of American Munk (author of "Earth Rotation").
? If the power of the earth's rotation comes from the inside, the rotation speed of the earth's core must be higher than that of the mantle, crust, hydrosphere and atmosphere in turn, but no one tells us who wound the core first. The breakthroughs in major theoretical topics such as atmospheric circulation, ocean current movement, geomechanics and magma flow direction all depend on the fundamental solution of the power source of the earth's rotation, so the principle of "wind blowing to the ground" is put in the first chapter.