This statement contradicts the related theories of quantum mechanics. Because modern quantum physics believes that this kind of material information will never disappear completely. In the past 30 years, Hawking has tried to explain this contradictory view with various speculations. Hawking once said that quantum motion in black holes is a special case. Because of the strong gravity in black holes, quantum mechanics is no longer applicable at this time. However, Hawking's statement has not been convinced by many skeptical scholars in the scientific community.
Now, Hawking has finally given a more convincing answer to this contradictory view. Hawking said that black holes never shut themselves down completely. They gradually radiate more and more heat to the outside world for a long time, and then the black hole will eventually open itself and release the material information contained in it. Although this important research achievement was not published in the form of a paper, it caused an uproar in academic circles. Dr. malcolm perry, Hawking's colleague at Cambridge University and a famous physical theorist, said, "The idea put forward by Hawking at this seminar may be a feasible solution. But whether it can be recognized in the end, I think it is up to everyone to decide. " However, he believes that Hawking's latest research results will be comparable to Hawking Radiation published 30 years ago.
Kurt Cutler, another physicist, said in an interview with New Scientist magazine: "Huo Jinfa sent a message, and he seemed to say,' I have solved the contradiction in the black hole theory, and I want to express some new views on it'. But as the recipient of this information, we didn't see any relevant written explanation in advance. As respect for Hawking himself, according to his reputation, I can only accept this statement for the time being. " Scientists are expecting Professor Hawking to give a complete explanation of his new achievements at tomorrow's academic conference. Our reporter interviewed Professor Zhao Zheng, an expert on black holes in China, about the new theory of black holes thrown by Professor Hawking. Professor Zhao said that Hawking's latest research results on black holes only came from the media and no academic papers were published, so this new theory has yet to be confirmed. Experts pointed out that in the 1970s, Hawking's theory of "black hole thermal radiation" was one of the most outstanding achievements of theoretical physics in the 20th century, but some viewpoints of this theory were questioned by quantum physicists at that time. Scientists believe that the information of matter "swallowed up" by a black hole will eventually disappear with the black hole, which cannot be explained from the perspective of quantum physics. To this end, the academic community has debated for 30 years. This time, Hawking put forward a new idea that a black hole will release the information it swallowed at a certain moment, which ostensibly makes up for the defects of his previous theory, but this is not enough to prove that this theory is correct. Professor Zhao explained that the information contained in matter is not as conserved as mass or energy, so Hawking's previous theory of information disappearance is not totally unacceptable.
From 1960s to 1980s, great progress has been made in the study of black holes. At first, people thought that a black hole was a death star, and everything could fall in, but nothing could escape. Hawking proved in 1974 that black holes have temperature and radiation. The discovery of Hawking radiation made black holes and Hawking himself a household name.
After 1980s, the focus of black hole research gradually shifted from temperature to information paradox. It has long been known that observers outside a black hole will lose almost all information about the matter that formed the black hole and later fell into it. This is the hairless theorem. The so-called "Mao" means "information". There are only three "hairs" left in the black hole, namely, total mass, total charge and total angular momentum, which can be detected by the outside world. At first, people thought that although external observers could not detect the information of the matter inside the black hole, the information did not disappear from the universe, but was hidden inside the black hole. After the discovery of Hawking radiation, people know that all the substances in black holes will eventually be converted into thermal radiation, and thermal radiation can hardly bring any information. In this way, the information of the matter formed and falling into the black hole will disappear from the universe, and the information will no longer be conserved. Not only does the law of conservation of baryon number and the law of conservation of lepton number no longer hold, but the unitary nature of quantum theory will also be destroyed. Faced with such serious theoretical difficulties, physicists have launched a heated debate. Most theoretical physicists believe in the conservation of information and firmly believe that the cornerstone of quantum theory, that is, it will not be destroyed. In a word, information should be saved. Hawking, Thorne and other relativistic experts believe that information is not necessarily conserved, so it is entirely possible to destroy the singularity. To this end, Hawking and Thorne made a bet with Presky, who firmly believed in the conservation of information.
This theory has been in trouble since its birth: it contradicts the "Law of Conservation of Information" that many scientists insist on. This was once called the "black hole paradox".
Just as scientists in the19th century summed up the law of conservation of energy, many scientists in the 20th century put forward the theory of conservation of information. If this theory is established, the law of conservation of information will undoubtedly become the most important law in the scientific community, perhaps more profound than the law of conservation of material energy. Hawking's black hole theory caused a heated debate about whether "information" can be preserved and conserved in black holes. "