1 overview
Since 1988, with the deepening of reform, China has introduced a more perfect supervision method for engineering construction activities, which is the engineering supervision system. The adoption of this supervision system represents that the supervision and management of construction projects in China is becoming more and more professional, and now the status of supervision has become an indispensable part of engineering construction, which is a fortune for social creators. At present, China's supervision and control of the project mainly focuses on the construction stage. Of course, the most important thing is quality management. With the continuous improvement of the law, quality and safety occupy the main position of supervision and control. However, the construction unit is concerned about investment and progress, and the quality of progress control of construction project supervision directly affects the final result of the project, so progress control has become an important goal of construction supervision. Therefore, how to use effective methods to control the progress of the project is a concern of all project participants. The timely completion and quality assurance of the project can improve the income of the construction unit, the construction unit and the supervision unit, and also accelerate the economic development of our country. Of course, if the construction period is delayed, it will also cause great losses to all participants. Therefore, whether the project schedule is properly controlled will directly affect the economic development. Progress control mechanism refers to the law of mutual connection and interaction among various elements in the progress control system. Including the elements of schedule control activities: construction unit, construction unit, supervision unit, design unit, etc. There is also the interrelationship between various elements; The goal of schedule control is that each subject of schedule control can achieve the goal by acting on the object. The schedule control mechanism is a method to control the project by using the relationship between various components, and the main elements of the project schedule occupy this dominant position in this control method. Progress control not only needs corresponding scientific methods and corresponding risk analysis, but also needs incentive mechanism for personnel and effective information communication.
2 schedule control method analysis
2. 1 schedule control strategy based on PDCA. PDCA, also known as pdsa, is divided into four parts: planning, implementation, inspection and disposal. In the planning stage, the supervision engineer should determine the annual and monthly plans of the project according to the general schedule specified by the construction unit, and should also break it down into weeks and days in more detail. Then, according to the weekly plan or daily plan of the actual progress, the deviation between the total project plan and the actual progress is determined. If there is any deviation, the plan needs to be changed, and the changed plan progress must be consistent with the overall plan progress. In the implementation stage, the supervision engineer needs to take corresponding measures in the process of project construction according to the original target schedule, such as organization, technology, economy, information management and other corresponding measures, so that the schedule can be carried out normally without deviating from the original plan. The organizational measures for schedule control of construction projects are mainly to define the staffing of construction, design, construction, supervision, materials and other units, which is helpful for schedule control and adjustment. The control of progress should not only check whether the progress is deviated, but also adjust whether the progress is consistent with the original plan. As for the technical measures, it is mainly to compile the flow chart through network technology, analyze the chart to shorten the working time and use advanced equipment to complete the project on time. For economic progress control measures, that is, to make the project completed on time through money, that is, to complete on time or ahead of schedule, corresponding rewards can be set up, and to punish those who delay the construction period and pay the project payment on time, which can motivate employees' work enthusiasm. Information control measures for construction projects are mainly to collect a large amount of information, accurately read the information, compare the collected information with the current progress information, and prepare a report. In the inspection stage, the completed project progress is compared with the planned progress. If there is deviation in the plan, first analyze the reasons for the deviation, which are from one or several units such as construction, design, construction and supervision. Then find the root cause of the problem, take remedial measures, and provide reference for similar work in the future.
Usually, the problem of the construction unit is that it does not pay the price in time and constantly changes the contract design. The design unit may have drawing errors and poor design quality. There are many problems in the construction unit, such as lack of technology, uneven personnel, low level of mechanical equipment, incorrect construction technology and so on. Supervision unit, which is also our main research place, the problem must be that the supervision itself issued the wrong instruction or its own quality is low. The material unit is that the material is not supplied on time, or the supplied material does not meet the requirements and the quality is unqualified. In the disposal stage, the supervision engineer generally makes statistical analysis and summarizes the inspection results of the previous stage. The good effect of this project should be affirmed and popularized. What hinders the project, or what has not been solved in the above stages, will be solved in the next PD-CA cycle. After these cycles, the supervision engineer can find hidden problems and make corresponding solutions. The unsolved problems in this loop control can also be put into the next loop control. In the construction stage of a construction project, as a supervision engineer, the construction unit should be required to give a detailed plan and organize the construction. After the implementation of the plan, the supervision unit shall immediately collect the on-site work situation and make a detailed analysis of the situation. Compare whether there is deviation between the original plan and the actual plan according to the original planned progress of the project. If there is deviation, analyze the reasons in time, consider the consequences at the same time, and formulate measures to correct the deviation to avoid affecting the total construction period of the project.
2.2 graphic analysis of construction progress control. In the construction project, the graphic method can be used to analyze and compare the progress plan with the actual plan. This method is relatively intuitive, mainly including: bar chart method, histogram method, network planning method and so on. Of course, as a qualified supervision engineer, we should flexibly use various methods to effectively control the engineering construction under actual conditions. This paper mainly analyzes the crossing chart method and network planning chart method. In the process of construction progress control, the crossing chart method can be used, which was put forward by an American named Gant in the early18th century. Gantt chart is a graphic method to show the work content and the time spent. It is usually a straight line, which indicates the time horizontally, the work content vertically, and the straight line indicates the actual and planned project completion during this period. This method is very intuitive, you can directly see when the project starts, plans and actually completes from the chart, and you can also estimate the progress of the project. The network planning method mainly uses computers to express the logical order of each part of the project, and then finds out the key work and key lines through appropriate methods, thus determining an optimal scheme. When using the network planning method, we should pay attention to the appropriate adjustment and control of each part to achieve greater benefits with less resources. The network planning method has many advantages. For example, if all the parts are integrated into a whole, we can clearly see the priorities of each part, and it is easy to find out the key work and key lines, and it is also easy for supervisors to find out the best construction scheme. However, it also has some shortcomings, that is, it cannot reflect the overlapping relationship of work and the demand for materials.
2.3 Dynamic control of construction project progress. Construction project control is mainly the control of quality, cost and time, and it is a dynamic cycle control process. To correctly handle the relationship between quality, cost and time, we must adopt various methods of system engineering and control them accurately in order to achieve excellent results. The scientific method is the beginning of a successful plan. When making a plan, we should pay attention to making the plan flexible, not just static. There are many factors that affect the plan when making a progress plan, and people are only a small part of them. After continuous cognitive practice, we can estimate the corresponding possible results according to past experience. When making a plan, the planner can make preparations in advance and formulate remedial measures for possible situations, which is to make the plan flexible. In the progress control of the construction stage, we can use the flexibility of these plans to shorten the time of some projects, or change their overlapping relationship, so that those projects with insufficient time limit can be successfully completed. Earned value method and progress tracking method can be used for dynamic control of construction progress.
3 Risk management strategy
Risk management measures include risk avoidance, risk dispersion, risk retention and risk transfer. The supervision engineer can take appropriate risk measures according to different situations. To do engineering, we must first learn to identify risks. Generally speaking, to identify risks, we must first have a general classification of risks, establish a structural hierarchy diagram, find some unfavorable factors through other methods, and control risks. Risk avoidance in construction projects is actually giving up directly, mainly because sometimes the loss is too big, even if the loss is not big, the result is irreparable. Risk transfer is to sign a contract with others, share the risk together, and let yourself bear the losses caused by the risk. Risk retention means that if a project is risky, you don't have to take care of it, and you don't take any protective measures whether it happens or not. The risk dispersion of the project refers to the re-integration within the project, which may reduce the risk. However, we should also pay attention to the interconnection between projects, and pay attention to the combination of high-risk projects and low-risk projects, and the combination amount should be moderate and scientific. Otherwise, it may increase the risk and lose its meaning. There will be many situations in the process of engineering construction, so risk management is becoming more and more important for supervision. As a qualified supervisor, it is necessary to accurately identify the risks in the process of engineering construction and do a good job in risk prevention. Doing a good job in risk management is also very useful for rational use of resources.
4 Incentive strategy
Construction projects generally contain many benefits, and supervisors can make use of these benefits in the control of construction projects and adopt appropriate methods to make both demanders and workers profit at the same time. In the process of management, supervisors can set different bonus standards according to the needs of different personnel, which is conducive to motivating employees to work hard, making them work hard in the direction of the results required by the construction unit, creating their own value, and thus achieving the goals of the construction unit. This incentive strategy is also to meet everyone's interests to the maximum extent and make the project meet the standards. The ways of encouragement are mainly material encouragement and spiritual encouragement. Generally speaking, those who finish their work in advance and in time will be rewarded accordingly. If you don't finish it on time, you will be fined. In the supervision work, supervisors should take the objectives of the construction unit seriously, assess the project on a monthly or weekly basis, and give corresponding rewards and punishments according to the assessment results. In a construction unit, you can also compare the completion of several projects on a monthly basis, rank them according to the results, and reward them. This will help to improve everyone's enthusiasm, which is the result of the interaction between spiritual and material incentives. This method is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of employees and is of great help to project control.
5 information communication strategy
For each participant in the project, the exchange of information is essential. Communication can make people understand each other. Effective information communication will be the beginning of successful completion of the project. If the communication between the construction unit and the construction unit is not good, the information feedback is not timely, and it is distorted in the transmission process, and the supervision unit fails to communicate with all parties in time, the construction period will be delayed, and the construction unit will delay and express unclear instructions to the construction unit, which will also affect the progress of the project. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen information communication. There are two ways to communicate information: holding a meeting and establishing an information communication platform. During the construction of each project, meetings will be held regularly or irregularly, which are usually interviews, special discussions and summary meetings at the construction site. The person in charge of the project presided over the meeting, and the relevant personnel of the project attended. However, the supervision unit must formulate relevant documents on the process of meeting convening, attendance and feedback, so that all stakeholders of the project can understand this information. Information communication can also use software to establish an information communication platform, which is more suitable for project participants who are inconvenient for meetings and far away. The supervision unit can purchase the software related to the information platform from the software company, which is similar to the management method of the company.
6 Full text summary
Quality, progress and investment are the three elements of construction project control, which determine whether the project can be completed on time and profitable at the same time. As a supervisor, there is a heavy burden in the construction of the project, mainly responsible for controlling the quality, progress and investment in the construction stage, and coordinating the relationship between information, contract and safety management. The final result of the construction project is mainly completed in the construction stage, so it must be strictly controlled in the construction stage. When tracking the deviation between the actual completed quantity and the planned completed quantity, it is very important and difficult to adjust it quickly and effectively. Although there are many researches on the progress control, few people look at the problem from the perspective of supervision, and it is not comprehensive and feasible. Therefore, through the project control theory, this paper makes a deep study on many problems, puts forward many management methods of supervision, analyzes the content and significance of how to control management as a supervisor, and puts forward effective control methods.
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