Knowledge overview and learning requirements of this book
The modern history of China is the history of socialist modernization led by China's * * * Production Party. 1949 People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, which was the beginning of the modern history of China.
In the early days of the founding of New China, China launched the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and the Land Reform Movement, which consolidated the state power of the people's democratic dictatorship and quickly restored the national economy.
From 1953, China began to carry out socialist industrialization and socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, and gradually transitioned from new democracy to socialism. By 1956, China has basically established a socialist system and entered the primary stage of socialism. In the process of building socialism in an all-round way, China has made great achievements and initially laid a material and cultural foundation for modernization. However, in the exploration of the socialist road, there have also been hasty and rash mistakes such as the Great Leap Forward Movement and the People's Commune Movement, and even serious mistakes as overall and long-term as the "Cultural Revolution".
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China has achieved a great historic turning point and entered a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has gradually found the way to build a Socialism with Chinese characteristics in practice. The establishment of Deng Xiaoping Theory's guiding position has become the fundamental guarantee for China to realize socialist modernization.
Since the founding of New China, China has made remarkable achievements in economic construction, democracy and legal system, science and technology, national defense construction, national unity, culture and education, and foreign exchanges. China's comprehensive national strength has been continuously improved, the country has become increasingly prosperous and the people's lives have improved significantly. The concept of "one country, two systems" has become a reality and historic progress has been made in the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.
Through learning, we can understand the important historical figures, historical events, historical phenomena and basic clues of historical development in China's modern history; Be able to read basic historical documents, learn the basic methods of social investigation, and analyze and explain historical problems by using the knowledge learned; Understanding China's basic national conditions and socialist modernization is a tortuous and long process. We can realize the importance of adhering to the leadership of the China Communist Party and strengthening Socialism with Chinese characteristics's faith from the continuous progress and development of society.
Unit 1: Establishment and Consolidation of People's Republic of China (PRC)
1, the first political consultative conference:
(1) Time, place and content-see the textbook.
(2) The "* * * One Program" formulated by the first CPPCC played an important role at that time.
(3) The reason why March of the Volunteers was chosen as the first CPPCC anthem: ① March of the Volunteers was born in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period and inspired countless Chinese sons and daughters to rise up against Japan. Taking this song as the national anthem can always inspire the people of China to be prepared for danger in times of peace, inherit the tradition and work hard.
2. founding ceremony: (time, main ceremony)
3. The historical significance and influence of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC):
(1) is a great turning point in the history of China. China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society ended its history and began the transition from new democracy to socialism. )
(2) opened up a new era in history. Since then, China's history of being invaded and enslaved for more than 100 years has ended. China has truly become an independent country. Since then, the people of China have stood up and become the masters of the country.
(3) Strengthened the forces of world peace, democracy and socialism. Inspired the oppressed peoples in the world to win the struggle.
4. Peaceful liberation of Tibet: (1) Time: 195 1 year. (2) Historical significance: It marks the reunification of the motherland and the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups.
5. To resist US aggression and aid Korea:
(1) The reasons for Chinese people's Volunteer Army's participation in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea are as follows: ① The United States invaded North Korea and bombed border cities in China, which violated China's sovereignty and seriously threatened China's security; (2) The United States sent the Pacific Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Province Strait to prevent the people of China from liberating Taiwan Province Province and openly interfere in China's internal affairs. (3) The Democratic People's Republic of Korea asked China to send troops to help, but China and the DPRK are as close as lips and teeth.
(2) The reasons for the victory of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea: ① the Party's wise decision-making and correct command; (2) Strong support from the people of the whole country; (3) the heroic struggle between the volunteers and the Korean people.
(3) The historical significance of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea: It consolidated the nascent people's democratic regime, won a peaceful environment for China's economic construction, and enhanced the international status and prestige of the new China. It proves that the era of western invaders conquering China by force is over, and it inspires the determination and confidence of colonial and semi-colonial people to defend their motherland against imperialism.
(4) Heroes to resist US aggression and aid Korea: Huang Jiguang and Qiu. The hero's main deeds (see the textbook. (2) Why are volunteers "the cutest people"? -Chinese people's Volunteer Army showed a high degree of patriotism, internationalism and revolutionary heroism in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. They were brave and tenacious, and finally won the war and won honor for the country and the nation.
6. Land reform:
(1) Reasons: ① The old feudal land system seriously hindered the development of rural economy and China society; ② Farmers in the newly liberated areas urgently demand land reform and land expropriation.
(2) Impact: ① The feudal exploitation system of more than 2,000 years was completely abolished, and the landlord class was eliminated. (2) Farmers become the masters of the land and turn over politically and economically. ③ Consolidate the people's political power. (4) Liberated rural productive forces, quickly restored and developed agricultural production, and prepared conditions for the country's industrial construction.
Unit 2: Exploration of the Socialist Road
1, the first five-year plan (1953- 1957):
(1) Background: After the founding of New China, after three years of economic recovery, the national economy has been fundamentally improved, and industrial production has exceeded the best level in history. However, the level of industrial development in China still lags far behind the developed countries, even worse than that in India.
(2) basic tasks: concentrate on developing heavy industry and lay a preliminary foundation for national industrialization and national defense modernization; Develop transportation, light industry, agriculture and commerce accordingly; Cultivate architectural talents accordingly.
(3) Achievements: By the end of 1957, all economic indicators were overfulfilled. Angang's large rolling mill was completed and put into operation, Changchun No.1 Automobile Factory produced the first automobile, and China No.1 Machine Tool Factory was completed and put into operation. The first bridge of Wanli Yangtze River Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed. Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet and Xinjiang-Tibet highways have been built as "the roof of the world". The northeast industrial base with Angang as the center has been formed, the original industrial bases in coastal areas have been strengthened, and a number of new industrial bases have been established in North China and Northwest China.
(4) Significance and influence: China began to change the face of industrial backwardness and move towards socialist industrialization.
2. The first Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC): 1954. The first National People's Congress formulated the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC). The Constitution stipulates that China adheres to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, and all rights belong to the people. It is the first socialist constitution in China that truly reflects the interests of the people.
3. Three major changes:
(1) The contents of the three major transformations: the socialist transformation of harmony.
(2) The essence of the three transformations: the transformation from private ownership of the means of production to socialist public ownership.
(3) the socialist transformation of agriculture-the establishment of agricultural production cooperatives;
① Reason: After the land reform, agricultural production was restored and developed. However, China's agriculture is still scattered, and it is difficult to solve the problems of production tools, capital and water conservancy, and it is difficult to resist natural disasters, which affects the development of agricultural production and cannot meet the needs of national industrialization.
② Effect: It promoted the development of agriculture, and the agricultural output increased year by year.
(4) Three major transformations are completed: ① Time-1956 ends. (2) Significance-promoting the development of productive forces, realizing the task of transforming private ownership of means of production into public ownership, initially establishing the basic system of socialism in China, and entering the primary stage of socialism in China.
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