Bill of quantities is a detailed list showing the names of partial projects, measures and other projects of the proposed project and the corresponding quantities. A complete bill of quantities consists of the following parts: cover; Instructions for filling in the form; General description; Partial bill of quantities; List of measures and projects; List of other projects; List of sporadic work items. If there are any materials provided by Party A, the list of materials and price list provided by Party A shall still be provided. For details, please refer to the attached table of Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects.
2. How is the project code set?
The project code is represented by twelve Arabic numerals. One to nine digits are unified codes, of which one to two digits are appendix sequence codes, three to four digits are professional engineering sequence codes, five to six digits are partial engineering sequence codes, seven, eight and nine digits are subentry engineering name sequence codes, and ten to twelve digits are list engineering name sequence codes. The top nine must be selected in strict accordance with the list pricing norms, and the last three should be arranged in turn by the list compilers according to the situation.
3. What is the comprehensive unit price?
The comprehensive unit price refers to the labor cost, material cost, machinery use fee, management fee and profit required to complete a unit project specified in the bill of quantities, and the risk factors are considered. Generally speaking, the calculation process of comprehensive unit price is based on the description of the characteristics of the bill of quantities and the enterprise quota of the bidder company (if the bidder company has no enterprise quota, it can divide the pricing subheads corresponding to each item according to the consumption quota (possibly one or more) issued by the local cost management department, calculate the engineering quantity, and then calculate the quotation including labor cost, material cost, machinery use fee, management fee and profit (including risk factors) according to the enterprise quota.
4. What is a measurement project?
Measures project refers to the non-engineering entity project in terms of technology, life and safety before and during the project construction to complete the project construction. Items in this part of the tender can be added or deleted according to the specific situation of the enterprise, and the bid will not be scrapped because of the number of items added or deleted in the bid evaluation.
5. What is a reserve fund?
Retention money is the amount reserved by the bidder to cope with the possible changes in the quantity of the project. This fee should be included in the other project list of the tenderer, and the bidder cannot change the amount of this fee when quoting, otherwise it will be considered invalid.
6. What is the general contracting service fee?
The general contracting service fee refers to the expenses needed to cooperate and coordinate the project subcontracting and material procurement carried out by the tenderer. This item does not include the work subcontracted by the bidder after winning the bid. If the bidder agrees to subcontract part of the content by himself after winning the bid, the cooperation fee shall be borne by the bidder.
7. What is the project fee for odd jobs?
The project fee for sporadic work is the cost required to complete the sporadic work proposed by the tenderer, which is estimated according to the engineering quantity. This part of the fee is generally included in the bidder's fee in other project lists.
8. What is the consumption quota?
The consumption quota is determined by the administrative department in charge of construction according to the reasonable construction organization design and normal construction conditions, with the average social consumption of labor, materials and machinery required for producing a qualified product in the specified measurement unit. Since China has implemented fixed-rate pricing for many years, the fixed-rate is uniformly issued by the cost part, so there are relatively mature consumption quotas everywhere. Because China is a vast country, the sub-items and contents of consumption quotas may vary greatly from place to place, so we should carefully analyze them when selecting them. Construction enterprises can make their own enterprise quotas according to local consumption quotas.
9. What is the enterprise quota?
Enterprise quota is the consumption of labor, materials and machinery used by the construction enterprise according to its construction technology and management level and relevant project cost information. At present, most enterprises have no enterprise quota because China has implemented quota pricing for many years and the quota is uniformly issued by the cost part. If there is no enterprise quota, Cocoa can modify or transplant the enterprise quota according to the consumption quota issued by the local cost management department, and improve the enterprise quota in the practice of list bidding.
The bold part is taken from the Code for Valuation of Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects.
List Pricing Questions and Answers (2)
1. What should be included in the general description of the bill of quantities? What problems should we pay attention to?
The general description of the bill of quantities shall include the following contents:
1) project overview: construction scale, engineering characteristics, planned construction period, actual situation of construction site, transportation situation, natural and geographical conditions, environmental protection requirements, etc.
2) Scope of project bidding and subcontracting.
3) Basis for compiling the bill of quantities.
4) Special requirements for engineering quality, materials and construction.
5) Name, specification, model and quantity of materials purchased by the tenderee.
6) The amount and quantity of reserved funds and self-purchased materials.
7) Other issues that need to be explained.
1) When writing the general description, pay attention to clearly describe the project scale. Many people who compile the list do not pay attention to the description of the project scale and characteristics in the general description. Since the list of measures and items stipulates that many expenses are in the "item", if there is no specific explanation in the general description, how can the bidder accurately calculate the relevant expenses and quote? What I want to say here is that the implementation of "Code for Valuation of Construction Project Bill of Quantities" is to connect with the international construction project bidding market. Therefore, in the near future, construction drawings will no longer be distributed to bidders with the bidding documents. Then, imagine, without accurate description, how can bidders determine the construction plan, and then determine the project cost quotation of scaffolding, vertical transportation machinery and other measures? Therefore, the item of building scale in the general description should explain the structural form, building area, total length, total width, total height, number of floors and advanced technical parameters of each floor, rather than simply "building area is XXX square".
2) If Party A subcontracts directly in the project bidding, it should be explained so that the bidder can estimate the general contracting service fee.
3) If there are special materials or construction technology requirements in the engineering design, it should also be clearly stated, so that the bidder can calculate the comprehensive unit price of related list items.
4) If the tenderer intends to supply some materials, it should be explained in the attached table, indicating the varieties, specifications, brands and prices of the supplied materials, so that the bidder can calculate the comprehensive unit price of the related list items.
5) If there are changes in design drawings or practices different from normal handling in the preparation of the list, it should also be explained so that the bidder can calculate the comprehensive unit price of related list items.
2. What problems should be paid attention to when compiling the bill of quantities?
In the process of compiling the bill of quantities, we should pay attention to the following issues:
1) List items shall be divided in strict accordance with the relevant appendices of Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects, and the list coding shall be standardized.
2) When the same kind of components have an impact on the comprehensive unit price or related measures due to different characteristics, the list items shall be set separately, the characteristics shall be described separately, and the last three digits of the list code shall be used to distinguish them. For example, there are 400*400 and 500*500 concrete columns on a certain floor of a building, and a separate list is needed to facilitate the bidder to calculate the template cost of these two columns. For example, in a building, the concrete strength design grades of concrete columns with 400*400 cross-section are C25 and C30 in different parts, and the list items should be listed separately, so that bidders cannot quote the concrete columns with strength grades respectively.
3) The description of the characteristics of each listed item should be as detailed as possible, so that the bidder can accurately calculate the comprehensive unit price.
4) The terminology of feature description should be standardized. The measurement of engineering quantity should also be as accurate as possible.
5) For some list items, there are several alternative units in the Code for Valuation of Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects, so one of them should be selected instead of all. For example, in the bathroom engineering list of Yangzhou Industrial Vocational and Technical College compiled by a certain unit, this situation has appeared many times, and all units provided by the specification are listed without choosing to use them. As a result, the bidder can't determine the unit of measurement suitable for the bill of quantities, and can't quote. Secondly, it will lead to differences in the understanding of this unit of measurement during the project performance, which will lead to claims disputes. Therefore, when I examined the tender, I corrected it all.
In a word, a good bill of quantities, after the bidder gets the drawings, can accurately calculate the priced quantities and prepare the construction organization design without looking at the drawings.
List Pricing Questions and Answers (3)
3. How should the bidder calculate the comprehensive unit price?
The bidder shall quote according to the bill of quantities provided by the tenderer. When calculating the comprehensive unit price, we should divide the pricing items suitable for the listed items according to the list characteristics provided in the list characteristics and the enterprise quota (or local quota) of our company, calculate the specific quantities, and then apply the quota and substitute it into the unit price of the quantity machine to determine the management fees, profits and risk expenses considered by our company when bidding, so as to get the comprehensive unit price and comprehensive quotation.
There are two common methods to calculate the comprehensive unit price: forward algorithm and reverse algorithm.
The so-called forward algorithm is based on a calculation unit in a bill of quantities, and then the comprehensive unit price of the listed items is calculated according to the above. The regional content quota of bill of quantities compiled in many areas is this method.
The so-called inverse algorithm is to calculate all the quantities contained in the bill of quantities according to an item in the bill of quantities and its characteristics, and then apply the enterprise quota (or local quota) to get the comprehensive quotation of the listed items, and then divide it by the bill of quantities to get the comprehensive unit price. This method is common in practical operation.
The pricing subheadings corresponding to this list are:
1) Dig foundation trench (let the price including labor, materials, machinery, management fee and profit be 20 yuan /m3).
2) Earthwork yard transportation (assuming the price including labor, materials, machinery, management fees and profits is 10 yuan /m3).
As can also be seen from the figure, the length of the entity foundation trench corresponding to the quantity per cubic meter in this list is 1m, and the length of the foundation trench corresponding to this list is 100m.
According to the forward algorithm, the two priced itemized quantities corresponding to each cubic meter of quantities are:
1*( 1+0.6 working face and assuming that the cushion needs formwork support) * 1= 1.6 cubic meters.
The bill of quantities per cubic meter corresponds to
Foundation excavation: 1.6*20=32 yuan.
Earthwork yard transportation: 1.6* 10= 16 yuan.
It can be concluded that the comprehensive unit price of this list is 32+ 16=48 yuan /m3.
According to the inverse algorithm, it is concluded that the quantities of the two priced sub-items corresponding to the quantities in this bill are:
100*( 1+0.6 working face and assuming that the cushion needs formwork support) *1=160m3.
The bill of quantities in this article corresponds to
Foundation excavation: 160*20=3200 yuan.
Earthwork yard transportation:160 *10 =1600 yuan.
It can be concluded that the comprehensive quotation of this list is 3200+ 1600=4800 yuan.
So the comprehensive unit price of this list is 4800/ 100=48 yuan/
4. How should the bidder summarize the quotation results?
When all bidders have calculated the comprehensive unit price and comprehensive quotation of all the bill of quantities, they should summarize them according to the unit project, single project and project.
For example, a project consists of two building numbers: 1# and 2#, and each building number is divided into two majors: civil engineering and installation.
Then the civil engineering and installation of each building should be summarized as unit projects respectively. Each building is aggregated into a single project, and then aggregated into the total project price.
When summarizing the unit project summary table, remember not to change the rate of fees and taxes, otherwise it will be invalid!
5. Can the bidder change the quantities in the bill of quantities? What if the quantity of some items in the bill of quantities is 0?
Bidders cannot change the quantities in the bill of quantities, otherwise it will be invalid. When checking the quantities according to the drawings and finding that there is an error in the quantities in the list, the tenderee shall be required to clarify, and then it shall be processed. Or an unbalanced bid can be made.
If the engineering quantity is zero, the unit price should also be filled in.
It doesn't matter how much unit price you fill in for a project with zero quantity, because its quantity is zero, but in order to prevent this project with zero quantity in the list from appearing due to the change of construction, I suggest that the unit price of this project with zero quantity should be filled as high as possible, because in case there is an engineering project of this project due to the change of actual construction, isn't the quotation in your list just right? Don't miss such a good opportunity. If the engineering quantity of this list item appears due to construction changes, but it cannot be used because the unit price is not filled in, it will be too late to regret it.
List Pricing Questions and Answers (4)
6. Why do the same list items have different comprehensive unit prices?
The same list items have the same characteristics and descriptions, and the number is the same. However, when different bidders adopt different construction schemes, the bid amount and bid subtitle may be different. Different bidders have different prices for purchasing engineering materials, and the level of material consumption of enterprises is different; Different bidders need different management fees; Different bidders have different expectations for the profit of the project. These differences lead to different bidders offering different prices for the same list item. In the above example, if the cushion is not closed, the foundation trench excavation and earthwork volume will become
100 *( 1.4 * 0.9+ 1 * 0. 1)= 136 m3。
This is quite different from the result of the construction scheme, and the cushion needs formwork support.
7. The two rooms decorated on the first floor have the same construction technology and description, but the list code is different. Can the quotations of the two projects be different?
It can be completely different according to the valuation standard of bill of quantities of construction projects. You can quote at will, as long as it's not too outrageous. Because in different rooms, the construction methods that may need to be adopted may be the same, and the difficulty of the overall decoration effect may be completely different.
8. When bidding by list, the bidder reduced a lot of management fees and other rates in order to win the bid. Can it be charged according to the rate in the charging rate of construction enterprises at the time of settlement?
I can't.
Bidding with bill of quantities. If there are original items in the bill of quantities, the comprehensive unit price in the original tender offer shall be implemented. If there are similar list items, refer to the comprehensive unit price of similar items, and the new list items shall be determined by the owner and the contractor through consultation. Generally, the price is set according to the local consumption quota and the original quotation of the contractor.
Except for the adjustment method agreed in the contract (the variation of engineering quantity exceeds a certain range, and the comprehensive unit price is adjusted by a certain coefficient, etc.). )
List Pricing Questions and Answers (5)
9. How to deal with the materials provided by Party A in the list valuation? How to get a refund when settling accounts?
& lt The first batch of questions answered by the Institute of Standards and Quotas of the Ministry of Construction on the Code for Valuation of Construction Engineering Bill of Quantities clearly stipulates in Article 10 that Party A's materials should be included in the tender offer and reflected in the comprehensive unit price.
When the project is settled, the materials supplied by Party A shall be returned to Party A according to the quantity of materials supplied by Party A * the price (generally, the price of materials supplied by Party A shall be set by Party A when bidding) * 0.99 after tax. The relevant management fees and profits accrued shall be owned by the construction unit. The fare should include the materials provided by Party A, otherwise it will be tax evasion, so it will be returned to Party A after tax.
10. How to settle the items quoted in the list?
Settlement can be prepared in the following spirit:
Bidding with bill of quantities. If there are original items in the bill of quantities, the comprehensive unit price in the original tender offer shall be implemented. If there are similar list items, refer to the comprehensive unit price of similar items, and the new list items shall be determined by the owner and the contractor through consultation. Generally, the price is set according to the local consumption quota and the original quotation of the contractor.
Except for the adjustment method agreed in the contract (the variation of engineering quantity exceeds a certain range, and the comprehensive unit price is adjusted by a certain coefficient, etc.). )
Whether the material price is adjusted depends on the contract and the relevant regulations of the local cost department.
1 1. The top of the drawing is decorated with hidden light strips (in almost every room), but the hidden light strips are not mentioned in the description of the list. Will you consider the price of hidden light strips when asking the group price?
First, check whether these items are created separately as inventory items. If not, you can ask the tenderer to clarify. If the tenderer doesn't clarify, it can be listed separately, and the unit price can be reported. During construction, the owner is required to carry out measurement.
12. Do you want to participate in the appraisal fee?
If it is treated as an independent expense, only the handling fee and tax need to be calculated. If it is calculated with reference to the quota of similar projects, all expenses (management fees, profits, etc.) must be calculated. ).
13. What if there is an error in the bill of quantities?
If errors are found in the quantities before calibration, the bidder shall promptly propose to the tenderee the quantities to correct the errors. After the calibration, it is found that there is an error in the engineering quantity, and if there are provisions in the contract, it shall be handled according to the provisions of the contract; Otherwise, it shall be implemented according to Article 4.0.9 of the Valuation Specification.
14. If the bill of quantities provided by Party A is missing and the total price is required by the tender, does Party B need to supplement the quotation? If it is not supplemented, will Party A think that this missing fee has been included in other projects?
According to the contract scope required in the tender documents.
(1) If the contract scope is only for the bill of quantities provided by Party A, Party A shall be responsible for the omission of the bill of quantities provided by Party A and add it to the corresponding expenses.
(2) If the lump-sum scope refers to the completion of the project, Party B shall put forward the missing items in time and negotiate with Party A to include them in the corresponding expenses.
15. Is there any concept of independent fee when implementing the bill of quantities?
After the implementation of the bill of quantities, there should be no concept of independent fees.
In the original pricing behavior, the employer often subcontracts earthwork, aluminum alloy doors and windows, exterior wall coatings, etc. It is an irregular performance of the construction market to list it separately and list it as an independent fee to avoid charging.
Using the bill of quantities, the enterprise can quote independently, and the employer shall not decompose the project. If the drawings are inaccurate and the prices of materials supplied by Party A are not clear, they can be included in the provisional estimate and the quantities, and should not be listed as expenses separately.
16. How should the increase fee of high-rise buildings be considered in the list quotation?
The reduction of labor efficiency in the increase of high-rise buildings is considered in the comprehensive unit price of partial projects and measures, and the reduction coefficient of labor efficiency is the same as that of individual decoration projects. The vertical transportation cost in the measure project takes into account the reduction of mechanical efficiency. Amortization of high-pressure water pumps and garbage pipes is included in the measures separately.
List Pricing Questions and Answers (6)
17. How to determine the contract price when adopting the bill of quantities?
The contract price includes fixed price, adjustable price and cost plus fee. Bill of quantities pricing is a pricing method. This is the concept of two categories. According to the bill of quantities, the contract price can be any one of fixed price, adjustable price and cost plus fee.
Fixed unit price contract shall be adopted for the valuation method of bill of quantities.
If the fixed lump sum contract is adopted, after the bill of quantities in the contract is wrong, both parties to the contract shall determine the accuracy of the bill of quantities or clarify the price adjustment method.
For projects with a long construction period, after determining the benchmark price at the time of bidding, both parties shall agree on the adjustment method of the contract price in the special terms and conditions.
18. When the bill of quantities quotation is implemented, the comprehensive unit price will not be adjusted within the agreed risk range, but under what circumstances can it be adjusted?
When quoting the bill of quantities, the comprehensive unit price will not be adjusted within the agreed risk range, but it can be adjusted under the following circumstances:
(1) Changes in design and construction conditions should not be included in the contractor's risk scope, and its price adjustment method should be agreed in the special terms and conditions.
(2) If there is no explicit agreement in the contract, the variation of partial quantities exceeds 15%, and the partial project cost exceeds 1% of the total project cost, the comprehensive unit price can be appropriately adjusted. When the quantities of the partial bill of quantities project change, the quantities of the corresponding templates and scaffolding in the project fee should be adjusted.
(3) New BOQ projects caused by BOQ omissions or design changes shall be proposed by the contractor and confirmed by the Employer as the basis for settlement.
(4) The employer requires the contractor to complete the employment outside the contract. , the contractor put forward the site visa, signed by the employer's site engineer (chief supervision engineer or the employer's representative) before implementation. On-site visa fees are priced on a piecemeal basis.
19. What is the consumption quota issued by the construction administrative director? What is enterprise quota? Where is the level difference between the two?
(1) consumption quota refers to the average social consumption of labor, materials and machinery required by the construction administrative department to produce a unit project qualified product under normal construction conditions according to reasonable construction organization design.
(2) Enterprise quota refers to the consumption of labor, materials and machinery set by the construction enterprise for the use of the enterprise according to the construction technology and management level of the enterprise and combined with relevant project cost information.
(3) Consumption quota reflects the average production management level of the society, and enterprise quota reflects the average production management level within each enterprise.
I believe everyone is very clear about the question and answer of list pricing and the related problems of common quotation processing and summary. If you want to know more information, you can also log on to Zhong Da Consulting to inquire.
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