As far as teaching is concerned, teachers must know what the spiritual characteristics of the subjects they teach are and what this spiritual characteristics mean to the development of students. Only by grasping the spiritual characteristics of the subject taught can we truly demonstrate the value of this subject to the development of students. "Discipline is a basic perspective and an important way for teachers to refine their teaching ideas. Many famous teachers' teaching ideas are based on their profound insight, grasp and understanding of the characteristics, functions and spirit of the subject. Such as pragmatic language, cultural language, perceptual language, ideological teaching and intelligent mathematics, reflect and highlight the spiritual connotation and value pursuit of the discipline from different angles.
The second is the perspective of education. The real teaching is to teach people, not to teach people. Chinese teachers don't teach Chinese, but use language to educate people. The math teacher does not teach math, but teaches people with math. The nature and tasks of various disciplines are different, but the mission and tasks in educating people and cultivating people are the same. Therefore, talents are the same object of education. As Mr. Ye Shengtao said, "If I were a middle school teacher, I would never call my profession' teaching'. There is a big difference between me and the old gentleman in the study. They only need to teach students to read the book well, they can pass the exam, and they can get ahead. There is nothing else for them. As for me, I want students to be human beings, do things and become sound citizens. No matter which course I take, I must recognize the goal of that course, such as Chinese training, and develop good language habits; The department of physics and chemistry is the key to understanding nature and then manipulating it. At the same time, I don't forget that all classes have a general goal, that is' education'-to create sound citizens. Every kind of homework is like a' spoke' on the wheel. Many spokes must be concentrated on the' axis' of' education' in order to become the whole wheel to promote the nation. "
We emphasize: "Man is the source of all meaning and value. No one has nothing, no matter when, education should train a person first, and then a lawyer or doctor, not the other way around. The ultimate goal of education is to realize human nature and to make people become people rather than tools. " It means that the teaching proposition should conform to the laws of education and teaching and the requirements of training objectives, reflect the eternal value and ultimate mission of education and teaching, and should not be confused by some superficial phenomena and short-term effects of education and teaching. Education is the core perspective and main way for teachers to refine their teaching ideas. Chinese teaching of truth, goodness and beauty, history teaching of humanistic quality, and harmonious teaching: the teaching concepts such as mathematics teaching and physics teaching of scientific quality that I pursue all emphasize and embody the educational value of people-oriented.
The third is the child's perspective. "Teachers should not only have their own disciplines and majors, but also majors outside disciplines-the first major is preemptive, preconceived, leading and tractive, and this first major is children's studies. In the development of the "first major", teachers gradually become children researchers, children research experts and even children educators, which is not only the trend of teaching reform, but also the great goal of teachers' professional development. "Eleanor Duckworth, a famous contemporary American educator, clearly pointed out that teaching is children's research, which is not only the basis and premise of teaching, but also a kind of children's research. The teaching process is the process of children's research, and the purpose of children's research is to "produce wonderful ideas".
There are two problems involved here. First, teachers should study children and how children learn, think and develop. The teaching process is not only the process of teachers guiding and organizing children's learning, but also the process of teachers observing and studying children's learning. Second, children's learning process is also a process of children's own research. This process is not only a process for students to accept the knowledge and opinions of books and teachers, but also a process for students to discover knowledge and nurture wonderful ideas.
Max van Manen, a Canadian educator, pointed out that pedagogy is a science concerned with children's growth. Infatuation means that the teacher is very interested in it and has reached the point where he enjoys it. Teachers like to think for the children, think through all the children, and teaching will naturally be handy. Children's nature is another important perspective and way for teachers to refine their teaching ideas. Teaching advocates to reflect the characteristics of children's physical and mental development and the cultural spirit of children. Teaching ideas such as "children's rhyming Chinese", "vivid Chinese classroom", "learning Chinese", "children's interesting mathematics", "happy morality" and "morality from children's perspective" are all conceived from children's perspective and position.
There are other perspectives and ways to refine teaching ideas. As far as the above perspectives and methods are concerned, they are not completely separated from each other, but integrated with each other, but with different emphasis. The refinement of teaching ideas should have a certain height, but it should also be prevented from being big and empty; It should have a certain thickness (connotation), but it should also prevent generalization. The written expression of teaching ideas should be concise, powerful and full of personality. According to (Yu)