The middle class in China has risen since the mid-1980s, with a history of only 10 years. Judging from the current situation.
The rising middle class has the following three remarkable characteristics.
First, it does not account for a large proportion in the social class. According to the current income and financial assets of urban and rural residents in China
If you count the families and population with an annual income of 3-65438+ 10,000 yuan, it is estimated that it is the middle class now.
The number is about 20-25%.
Second, the occupational composition of the middle-income class is narrow, reflecting strong industry characteristics, mainly concentrated in the following lines.
Sector: (1) Some circulation companies mainly deal in high-tech goods and scarce means of production, and there is still one.
Business, materials, foreign trade companies, etc. Have the monopoly right. (2) Real estate companies. Although many existing garden villas can't be sold.
I went out, but my income didn't drop. (3) The financial sector, especially some non-bank financial institutions, such as trust and investment companies.
, securities companies, etc. The main reason is that China's financial market is underdeveloped, and securities trading has not entered the market for a long time and lacks sufficient.
Competition, unlike foreign securities companies, does not have to bear huge market risks, so it is easy to get high profits and workers.
The income is also very high. (4) Some are monopolistic or have special conditions in terms of resources, equipment and policies.
Class I industrial enterprises, such as some large iron and steel enterprises, petrochemical enterprises, railway transportation enterprises, electric power enterprises and automobile production enterprises.
Enterprises, etc. (5) Chinese employees of foreign-funded enterprises are mainly senior managers and some professional and technical personnel. (
6) Some individual industrial and commercial households and private entrepreneurs. In addition, some freelancers, such as chefs.
Makeup artist, lawyer, singer, movie star, etc. And made a lot of money.
Third, the distribution of the middle class presents certain regional characteristics, mainly concentrated in open cities and departments along the border and coast.
It is divided into large and medium-sized cities with developed economy. Since the mid-1980s, the income level of residents in Guangdong Province has been the highest in China.
The economic growth and income growth rate of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone have made amazing progress 3. In recent years, Shanghai has been helped by Pudong Special Zone.
The trend of economic growth and the income level of residents also showed a good momentum. 1At the end of 997, Shanghai's per capita GDP
(GDP) is expected to break through the $3,000 mark (expected to reach $3,060). According to the latest statistics in September, 1997, 1996
The average household income of Haicheng residents has exceeded 25,000 yuan, which is 4-5 years ahead of the national average. Shanghai metropolitan society
The socio-economic investigation team conducted a sample survey of 500 urban families. The survey results show that 1996 Shanghai urban housing
The average real income of private families has reached 25 1 10,000 yuan, which has reached the well-off level ahead of schedule. It is understood that this figure is 199 1 year.
It increased by 2. 15 times. According to relevant sources, improving the living conditions of the citizens is the responsibility of the Shanghai Municipal Government and relevant departments in recent years.
Focus of work: the per capita living area in Shanghai increased from 6.9 square meters in 199 1 year to 8.7 square meters in196.
According to the law of world economic development, the above changes mean that Shanghai will enter the post-industrial stage from the lower-middle income stage.
The middle-income stage will usher in a larger-scale economic transformation and structural adjustment, bringing faster economic development.
At present, foreign capital in the circulation field is competing to enter Shanghai. Foreign media believe that an important reason why foreign investors are optimistic about Shanghai is that,
That is to say, in the huge China market, Shanghai is a region with strong purchasing power and a rapidly expanding middle-income class. statistics
It shows that working-class families with an average monthly income of more than 3,000 yuan in Shanghai have accounted for 30% of the total number of urban working-class families.
%。
Second, the basic situation of the middle class in China during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period.
A certain middle class is the foundation of social stability and a symbol of national wealth. The rise of the middle class
Whether there is a middle class in China is an indisputable fact in China and will not be disputed in the future.
The focus of the debate will turn to the conditions for entering the middle class, the scale, composition and development trend of the middle class.
noodle
At present, there are still many non-economic and unreasonable factors in the formation of the middle class. Take urban workers as an example.
In other words, its income level depends to a great extent on the possession of state-owned assets by enterprises and the ridge of resources.
Discontinuity and other unequal competition conditions. Therefore, this widening income gap can not only arouse people's production.
Enthusiasm will encourage comparison among enterprises in the industry. Administrative organs and institutions in income distribution
The policy is not standardized, and some localities and departments have increased subsidies without approval due to the price and comparison effect.
The problem of posting is very prominent. Among the income other than wages, one is that some people rely on unfair competition and use the state system.
Policy loopholes to obtain unreasonable excess returns. Such as income from the free use of state-owned assets, state funds and other factors of production.
All kinds of production and business activities, income owned by individuals. Some individuals or collectives develop, develop and utilize state-owned assets.
Sources (such as land, minerals, water, roads, etc.). ) earn a high income. In the process of shareholding system reform of state-owned enterprises
Some enterprises underestimate the value of state-owned assets and occupy a large number of state-owned assets.