(1) Yellow River alluvial plain subregion: including Hebei Province, southern Shanxi Province, northern, eastern and central areas along the Yellow River in Henan Province, Guanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province and western Shandong Province. The whole sub-region is flat with few hills, only the western edge of the Loess Plateau is slightly higher. The soil for peanut planting is mostly alluvial soil, and a few are sandy loam. The cultivation system is mainly spring peanuts, followed by wheat interplanting peanuts and summer sowing peanuts. The requirements for the growth period of varieties are not too strict, and early, middle and late maturity are all acceptable. In 1950s, common peanut was the main variety, accounting for about half of the peanut planting area in the whole subregion, followed by pearl bean type, accounting for about 30% of the peanut planting area in the whole subregion, and the rest were dragon type and multi-grain type. (2) Peanut sub-regions of Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong and northern Jiangsu hills: including Shandong Peninsula, hills in central Shandong, Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning, Western Liaoning Corridor and hilly areas in northeastern Jiangsu. This sub-region is mostly hilly, with more rainfall, and the annual precipitation is 600-900mm, which is mostly concentrated in the peanut growing season in July, August and September. Peanut planting soil is mostly gravel formed by granite and gneiss = t, and the planting system is mostly spring peanuts harvested once a year, with only some summer sowing and wheat interplanting peanuts. Peanut planting area accounts for 6 1. 1% of the whole peanut planting area, which is the most concentrated peanut producing area in China. In the 1950s, most cultivated varieties were common erect and semi-creeping peanuts, and a few were common creeping peanuts. Only in the northern part of Xiong Yue in Liaodong Peninsula and the corridor in western Liaoning, due to the low temperature, most of the early-maturing varieties of pearl beans are planted. (3) Peanut sub-region of Huaibei Plain: located in the south wing of the Yellow River alluvium, including the southern part of Shandong Province, the area north of Jiangsu, Anhui and Huaihe River, and parts of southeastern Henan Province. The whole sub-region has flat terrain and good soil quality, and the soil for planting peanuts is mostly sandy soil covered by siltation during the flood of the Yellow River over the years. Peanut is often rotated with wheat, barley, sorghum and other crops, and a two-year triple cropping system is implemented, in which winter wheat is mainly interplanted. The planting area accounts for 5.3% of the peanut planting area in the whole region. In 1950s, common creeping peanut was the main cultivated variety, and the area of common erect peanut expanded rapidly in the late 1950s. After the 1960s, more varieties of pearl beans were planted. 2. Southern Spring and Autumn Peanut Planting Area This area is located at the southernmost tip of China, including all of Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Taiwan Province Province south of Nanling and Daiyun Mountain, the southeast of Fujian Province, the south of Jiangxi Province and Hunan Province, and the whole southeast area east of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The whole area has a warm climate and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 20 ~ 25℃, and the frost-free period is more than 300 days. Annual precipitation 1500 ~ 2000 mm, sunshine rate 40 ~ 50%. Peanut planting soil is mostly hilly red soil and yellow soil and alluvial sand along the river. Peanut planting area ranks second in China, accounting for 3 1.2% of the total peanut area in China. Peanut planting in this area has a long history, with a wide variety and complete types. Before the 1950s, common creeping varieties and dragon varieties were mainly cultivated. After 1950s, with the development of early water rotation and autumn sowing of peanuts, the planting area of Tofu Beans increased rapidly, accounting for 90% of the peanut planting area in the whole region. Most of these varieties have the characteristics of early maturity and waterlogging tolerance, and many varieties are also resistant to rust and bacterial wilt. 3. The peanut intercropping area in the Yangtze River valley in spring and summer includes all Hubei and Zhejiang provinces, south of Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, south of Funiu Mountain in Henan province, south of Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi province, north and middle of Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, Sichuan basin and northern Fujian province. It is a subtropical humid area, with an annual average temperature of 15 ~ 19℃, a frost-free period of 240 ~ 330 days, and an annual precipitation of 800 ~ 1800 mm. Peanut planting soil is mostly red soil, yellow soil, purple soil and sandy soil. The peanut planting area in the whole region accounts for 16.0% of the total peanut area in China. The topography of this area is very different and the farming system is very complicated. Accordingly, this region can be divided into three sub-regions. (1) Peanut sub-region in the northern plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: including central and southeastern Jiangsu, southern Henan and parts of Shaanxi Province, and the area north of the Yangtze River in Hubei. Peanuts are mainly distributed in hilly land and alluvial sandy land along the Yangtze River in eastern and central Hubei Province, and in alluvial plains south of Huaihe River and north of Yangtze River in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, accounting for 40.0% of the peanut planting area in the whole region. Peanut planting soil is mostly red soil, yellow soil, alluvial sand and sandy loam along the river hills. The cultivated varieties are mainly ordinary erect and semi-creeping medium-grained peanuts and pearl bean curd. (2) Peanut sub-region in the southern hills of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: including south of the Yangtze River, east of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Nanling, north of Daiyun Mountain, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other provinces (cities), south of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province and north of Fujian Province. The whole area has a warm climate and abundant rainfall. Peanut is planted in hilly red soil, yellow soil and purple soil. Peanut planting area accounts for 35.7% of the peanut area in the whole region. The cultivated varieties are mainly ordinary upright peanuts, followed by pearl bean curd. (3) Peanut sub-region in Sichuan Basin: it mainly includes Neijiang, Yibin and Leshan in southern Sichuan and Mianyang and Nanchong in northern Sichuan. The area where peanuts are planted has high terrain and poor sunshine, and the sunshine rate is only 25 ~ 30%. Peanut planting soil is mostly calcareous neutral purple soil, red soil and yellow soil, with loose soil, good drainage and strong water and fertility conservation. The soil is rich in phosphorus, potassium and calcium, which is suitable for peanut growth. Peanut planting area accounts for 24.3% of the peanut area in the whole region. The cultivation system is mostly wheat interplanting peanut and summer sowing peanut, and a small amount of spring sowing peanut. Longsheng is the main cultivated variety, followed by common creeping variety and pearl bean variety. In recent years, the planting area of pearl bean varieties has increased rapidly, while the planting area of common varieties has decreased rapidly. 4. Peanut Region of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau This region includes all of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, and a small part of southwest Sichuan Province and northwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The whole area has high terrain and complex terrain. The altitude of the cultivated land where peanuts are planted is generally between 500 and 2000 m, and the average annual temperature is generally 15 ~ 20℃, but in some areas it is lower than 12℃ and as high as 22℃. The frost-free period is 230 ~ 330 days, the annual precipitation is 900 ~ 1400 mm, and the sunshine rate is generally 30 ~ 40%. The soil where peanuts are planted is mostly red soil and yellow soil, and the soil quality is mostly sandy loam and sandy soil, and the pH value is between 5 and 6.5. Most peanuts in the whole region are harvested once a year, and some are harvested three or two times a year. The cultivated area accounts for about 65438 0.9% of the total peanut area in China. Most of the cultivated varieties in the 50 th generation were common creeping varieties, which were changed to pearl bean varieties after the 60 s 5. Early-maturing peanut area in Northeast China This area includes northern Liaoning Province, all of Jilin Province, southern Heilongjiang Province and a small part of eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Peanuts are mainly distributed in Fuxin, Chaoyang and other places in the north of Liaoxi Corridor in Liaoning Province, as well as in Changtu, Faku and other sand areas in the north. The annual average temperature is 2 ~ 7℃, the frost-free period is 130 ~ 160 days, the annual precipitation is 450 ~ 700 mm, and the sunshine rate is about 60%. Peanut planting soil is mainly hilly sandy land and aeolian sandy land, followed by chernozem. The cultivation system is one year, and the cultivation area accounts for about 1.0% of the total peanut area in China. The cultivated varieties are mainly pearl bean type and multi-grain type. 6. Peanut Region of Loess Plateau This region includes all Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northern and central Shanxi Province, northern and western Shaanxi Province, southern Gansu Province and eastern Hexi Corridor, northeastern Qinghai Province and a small part of southern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The altitude is generally 1000 ~ 2000 m, the annual average temperature is 7 ~ 10℃, the frost-free period is 150 ~ 200 days, the annual precipitation is 300 ~ 550 mm, and the sunshine rate is about 60%. The soil where peanuts are planted is mostly silty sand. The cultivation system is mostly spring peanuts harvested once a year, and a small amount of wheat-interplanted peanuts harvested three times every two years. The cultivated area accounts for 0.04% of the total peanut area in China. In the 1950s, ordinary upright medium-sized peanuts were mainly planted, and after the 1960s, pearl bean curd was introduced. 7. Northwest Inland Peanut Area This area includes almost all areas in the west of Hexi Corridor in Gansu and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Peanuts are mainly distributed in Turpan Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, followed by Kashgar, Hotan, Hami, Altay, Aksu and the western Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province. Except that Turpan basin is below sea level, the altitude is between 1000 ~ 2500 m. The annual average temperature varies greatly, from 13.9℃ in Turpan Basin to 8 ~ 1 1℃ in South Tianshan and Hexi Corridor and 3.5 ~ 5℃ in North Tianshan. The rainfall distribution is also uneven, with the annual rainfall of 200 ~ 280 mm in the northern Tianshan Mountains and 50 ~ 100 mm in the southern Tianshan Mountains and Hexi Corridor. The sunshine rate is generally above 60%, and the high area is above 70%. Most of the soil where peanuts are planted is sandy soil. The farming system is one year. This area is the least peanut planting area in China, accounting for only 0.03% of the national planting area. There are few variety resources, and in history, common creeping varieties and dragon varieties were mainly introduced.