Study on the Theme of Yangzhou Poetry in Tang Dynasty

& gt Yangzhou poetry; Yangzhou theme; Regional culture; > The Geography of Poetry has always been concerned and studied by experts and scholars. Mountains, rivers, lakes and urban boundaries show strong local characteristics in the poet's works. This regional creative feature makes poetry form different styles. As a city, Yangzhou is also the product of human civilization. However, as ancient China literati with strong real self-awareness, in order to express their spiritual world and values, they often pin their feelings on mountains and villages, especially in the Tang poems with relatively weak urban civilization. It is on this premise that there are many poems describing Yangzhou in past dynasties. Yangzhou Ancient Poems contains nearly 20,000 poems by more than 2,500 people, among which there are 394 existing poems, including 369 poems in the whole Tang Dynasty. Although this is not as many as Erjing's poetry creation, Yangzhou's poetry creation has certain advantages over Jinling, which was the southern cultural center before Sui and Tang Dynasties, because it is the political center of the whole country and naturally the most prosperous place for poetry creation. & gt Therefore, based on several major literary themes in China's ancient literature, this paper describes and explains Yangzhou's "various styles" from the perspective of poets in the Tang Dynasty. & gt 1. The poem "How Many Things Rise and Fall, Looking Back and Sighing" > The nostalgic theme in China's ancient literature can be said to have a long history, and there are countless nostalgic works. The formation of this theme has its profound social and cultural background and psychological reasons. Starting from the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period, this creative idea of "expressing ambition with poetry" has continued to this day. Like "Xiaoya? In Xiao Wan: "My heart is sad, I miss my ancestors", this thinking has gradually become a fixed aesthetic model in the history of China literature. Especially since the end of the Han Dynasty, the great social turmoil and the impermanence of fate have led the literati to re-examine their self-worth, and the gap between the past and the present is far from the same, which makes the literati often express the sigh of pursuing the past and the present. As a literary master of a generation, only Li Yi's "Memories of Yangzhou" in Tang poetry is directly titled, and the poem says: "Therefore, the national anthem rings and the long bridge is full of horses and chariots. "There are willows beside Pengcheng Pavilion, but it seems that spring scenery is not available. & gt When describing the scenery of Yangzhou in Tang Dynasty, there are often poems about homesickness. The scenery in Yangzhou is mostly in spring and autumn, and the contents described are mostly the Grand Canal and some historical sites. The historical figures or events behind it are mostly Yang Di and related events. The typical characters and events in this typical environment are the tone and scenery of the poet's lyric feelings. According to statistics, there are 6 songs with the theme of Sui, 4 songs with the theme of Sui, 7 songs with the theme of Sui Palace and 4 songs with the theme of Bian River. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang's "Bian Di Liu" described the grand occasion of digging the Grand Canal and expressed the poet's lament over the glory before his death and the desolation after his death. In the late Tang Dynasty, Liu Cang wrote in The Palace in Yang Di: "This place used to be green, but it was a cloud. Incense sells the beauty of the south, and Dongfeng fangcao complains more. Leaves are exposed in front of the remnant willow palace, and the setting sun shines on the river. "Pedestrians dream of Guangling, cross the moon in the past and listen to hymns." Pi Rixiu's "Two Poems on the Bian River": "Wanlong Qingsi carried Yangzhou on a boat, and it's gone forever. It should be that Heaven teaches to open the Bianshui River, and there are no mountains in a thousand miles. It is said that the Sui Dynasty died because of this river, but now it is still flowing, so the north and south ships are unimpeded. " If there is no water on the Dragon Boat Festival, Yu * * * will not make much contribution. "It can be said that these two poems are masterpieces describing the Grand Canal in the late Tang Dynasty. It creatively used the way of "reversing the verdict" to compare Yang Di's digging of the Grand Canal with Dayu's water control, which proved that Yang Di was dissolute. & gt According to statistics, the vast majority of Yangzhou poems lamenting the rise and fall of the Sui Dynasty were written in the late Tang Dynasty, focusing on the canals and Sui Liu in front of them, all of which were fixed on the tone of describing the decline and fall of the previous dynasty. Naturally, these images also have a sense of desolation and loneliness. Tang poetry is the soul portrayal of the whole Tang Dynasty poet, and the natural environment and social life in Yangzhou provide rich themes for poetry creation. In the late Tang Dynasty, the rule of the dynasty had declined. Looking back at the heroic momentum of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the social life at this time is more of a kind of sinking and abandonment. Scholars who have always been sensitive to politics have to learn from their mistakes, extract warning signals from concrete images and torture history to get realistic answers. This is also the main reason why poets in the late Tang Dynasty preferred canal willow. & gt2. There are more than 2,000 poems about prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty. No wonder some people even call Tang literature "literature worships prostitutes", while the history of Tang literature is "literature history of literati worships prostitutes". There are many beautiful women in Yangzhou since ancient times, suggesting that there are many brothels in Yangzhou. In fact, brothels gradually evolved into places of fireworks in the Tang Dynasty, that is, brothels. It is worth mentioning that the prosperity of a local brothel industry is closely related to its social and economic development. In the past 300 years, Li Tang suffered several disasters, but it did not spread to Yangzhou, which kept Yangzhou relatively stable. And because of its special geographical location, Yangzhou has become an important north-south transportation hub and foreign trade port. "Zi Tong Zhi Jian" records: "Yangzhou is rich in the world, and people call it Yang Yier. "This superior and rich economic environment will inevitably breed a hotbed of enjoyment and comfort. & gt Poems chanting prostitutes in Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty are naturally common. There are 15 Yangzhou poems in previous dynasties, especially Du Mu's three poems. " "Two Farewells" are the poet's reluctant feelings for the young singer when he leaves. Romance without saying a word. What's more, Xu Ning's Remembering Yangzhou is actually a pity work. In addition, there is Zhang's "Gift to Guangling Prostitute" in the late Tang Dynasty: "It rained for twenty years, and I didn't sleep at that time. "Today, we met again in vain, and we also hosted a banquet for the tortoise shell of King Xiang. In the title of the poem, it is a gift for a brothel confidant. Twenty years is like a world apart, seeing each other and hating each other late. " At night, I heard the merchant Zhou Zheng's "Liu Yuxi" sail is 100 feet high, and the new voice promotes the thirteen strings. "A businesswoman from Yangzhou came to Jiangxi to occupy the bright moon." This shows her admiration for prostitutes in Yangzhou. & gt3. Farewell poem "An old friend stays in the Yellow Crane Tower in the West, and fireworks descend in Yangzhou in March" > arthur waley, an Englishman, once said that half of China's poems are about feelings of parting, which is no exaggeration. Yan Yu's Poems on Canglang also said: "The good poems in the Tang Dynasty are mostly works of defense, migration, travel and parting, which can often touch people's hearts and stimulate people's will." Indeed, when friends are about to leave, they are naturally full of the poet's thoughts of parting. In farewell poems, two different regional cultural connotations can be reflected, one is the regional culture of the farewell place, and the other is the regional culture of the friend's arrival place. Yangzhou is a place of farewell and return in poetry. There are many farewell poems in Tang poetry, which are absolutely dominant in Yangzhou poetry. *** 104. On the other hand, this also shows that the mobility of literati's living space is very large. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many ways for intellectuals to become famous. In addition to the imperial examination system, the local "wind of entering the curtain" prevailed, and scholars had to travel around. As mentioned above, Yangzhou's special geographical location and prosperous social economy have attracted a large number of literati and poets to travel here, and the mobility is relatively large. Friends meet in a hurry and leave in a hurry. & gt Li Bai's Farewell to Guangling is a masterpiece of farewell poems in the Tang Dynasty. "The old friend stayed in the West Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March." Sailing alone in the blue mountains, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. "Liu Qizhuang's Send People Away from Yangzhou": "Gui Shu Lan Zhou, Feng He bamboo arrows Liu. Since then, the old friend has gone away. Sunset low sail, wind vane. "I miss you breaking willows, and my tears are exhausted in Wuchang Building." In the farewell poems about Yangzhou, the images are mostly "river" and "willow", which shows that this is related to the regional characteristics of Yangzhou. Express meaning with scenery and say goodbye with things. & gt4. Poem "Sending Spring Grass Far away, Remembering Your Majesty" > Most non-Yangzhou people who write about climbing mountains in Yangzhou poems look up to the heights and see the prosperity, but their eyes are endless. As the saying goes, "look up and see." The poems on the Seven Lingpagodas in Yangzhou are even more striking, and three of them are the most exquisite. In Gao Shi's poems, he described in detail the scenery he saw after climbing the mountain. The last four sentences are "The mysterious car is suspicious of stupidity and the fortune is huge." "Why don't you quit after you die?" Wrote the poet's impassioned mind. Liu Changqing also said at the end of the poem: "Who can return to service in the next year?" Show a sadness of leaving chaos. "Hutu Linghui, climbing four barren. The top is high and the vitality is close, which marks the length of the sea cloud. Vientiane is divided into empty boundaries and painted beams in three days. Water shakes the golden shadow, and fire shines every day. The bird brushed the curtain and embroidered it. The eye breaks with the road, and the heart drives the sail. The dew bath is white, and the frost urges orange pomelo yellow. " If jade is visible, let's have a look here. "Li Bai's poem" Climbing the Xiling Tower in Yangzhou in Autumn ",although depicting the magnificent weather, still contains homesickness and homesickness. & gt From this, it can be seen that the theme of giving and answering farewell is the main theme of Yangzhou poetry in the Tang Dynasty. This is mainly related to Yangzhou's special geographical location and its highly developed economic level, because Yangzhou, poets come here, because Yangzhou, poets know that they are happy. Extension, which is also a dominant manifestation of Datang meteorology. Poetry exists, flowing at the foot of the poet's wandering, wrapped around the sleeve of the poet's recollection of the past and farewell. The description of natural scenery in Yangzhou's poems is closely combined with history, especially the relationship between Yang Di and Yangzhou, which is bound to bring some desolate feelings to Yangzhou. Most of Yangzhou's poems describe the life in the city, and spatially imprint the connections among countless businessmen, literati and prostitutes. Comparing the works of Yangzhou merchants and Shu merchants, Bai Juyi's poem says "I am a little girl in Yangzhou and married a big merchant in Xijiang" (The Wife of a Salt Merchant), and Liu Yuxi's poem also says that "the women of Yangzhou merchants come to occupy the bright moon in Xijiang" (The Night Smells the Merchant Boat). There is no denying the existence of women's resentment among Shu merchants, but this difference in literati's works has to be analyzed. "Chengdu, Weiyang is far away from Wan Li", and different geographical locations and living environments have created a prosperous entertainment city in Yangzhou, and created a group of businessmen in Bashu who "learn from the Analects of Confucius and older children will always travel with them". & gt& gt reference > [1] Dai. Regional culture and Tang poetry [M]. Zhonghua Book Company. February 2006 >; [2] Yangzhou poetry of past dynasties [M]. People's Literature Publishing House.1July 998 > [3] Cai Zhenchu. Ron Su Mang. Cultural interpretation of Tang and Song poetry [M]. Beijing Library Press. September 2004 >; [4] Cai Yan. An overview of the art and culture of Tang poetry and Song poetry [M]. Yunnan university press. 2006.11>; [5] Wang Li. The Prototype and Evolution of Ten Literary Themes in China Ancient Literature [M]. Liaoning education press. 1990 edition > [6] complete works of Tang poetry (two volumes) [M]. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House. 1986