Digital Gong Ling is a flexible employment mode different from traditional fixed employment, which is essentially an advanced form of flexible employment and belongs to
Gig economy
Category. Its main features are online telecommuting, focusing on knowledge and skills, and flexible working hours, places and methods. Usually, enterprises recruit themselves or intermediaries match enterprises and workers, and then sign contracts according to working hours, tasks or projects.
2. The concept and theory of digital Gong Ling comes from the flexible enterprise model.
Atkinson put forward the earliest embryonic form of flexible employment academic theory-flexible enterprise model in the 20th century.
Atkinson divides employees into three types according to organizational characteristics: core employees, peripheral employees and external employees.
There are differences in skills and labor relations among these three labors, and their corresponding enterprise management mode is more flexible, so this mode can enhance the anti-cyclical of enterprises and reduce business risks.
CharlesHandy put forward the clover tissue.
The future enterprise consists of three employees _ professional core personnel, outsourcing personnel and temporary part-time personnel. Among them, 30% employees are core employees and will go forward with the company. Two-thirds employees exist in the form of outsourcing, consulting and freelancing. In the future, such a company will be a healthy company.
3. What is the difference between digital Gong Ling and flexible employment and odd-job economy?
Digital intelligent workers, flexible employment and odd-job economy are quite different in specific meaning, working methods, working types and main groups. The specific differences are as follows:
4. Analysis of the reasons for the rapid development of digital Gong Ling.
Driven by the following five factors, Digital Gong Ling has developed rapidly.
Internet technology development
Under the catalysis of Internet, mobile Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, VR, Internet of Things, cloud computing and other technologies, fixed office locations, office hours and jobs are no longer necessary options for workers. The development of technology makes the working hours, places and ways of workers more flexible, making online work and communication a reality. At the same time, Internet technology has further reduced the matching cost of supply and demand and transaction cost, and greatly promoted the transformation of enterprises from traditional odd jobs to Internet digital jobs.
* * * Enjoy the economy
powerful
* * * As a new economic model, the enjoyment economy has changed the traditional employment model and spawned a large number of flexible jobs. Many workers participate in the enjoyment of the economy in the form of temporary or part-time jobs. The Annual Report on Economic Development of China * * * shows that the economic market size of China * * * in 20 18 was 2,942 billion yuan, with 20 1 1.6% reaching 3,282.8 billion yuan. Among them, the market scale of knowledge and skills was 1.382 billion in 2007, and it has reached 40 1 billion in 2020, with a year-on-year growth rate of 30.9%.
With the gradual popularization of knowledge and skill sharing in the * * * enjoyment economy, more intangible products such as skills, knowledge and content are shared in the odd-job economy. Among them, the field of professional skills can match the needs of talents with professional skills, and match the needs of employers with needs. Driven by the * * * enjoyment economy, the traditional employment mode has changed to a flexible employment mode relying on the Internet, and the rise of the knowledge * * * enjoyment economy has also brought a large number of digital workers.
The change of employment concept
With the development of cultural diversity, the Z era has gradually entered the employment market, and the employment concept of the new generation has undergone great changes. The criteria for choosing a job are innovation, individuality, advocating freedom and self-realization. In terms of cultural concept, the supply and demand market of human resources has undergone subversive changes. The most direct manifestation is that the proportion of flexible employees is increasing, and many workers choose to become freelancers or part-time.
The report of "White Paper on Flexible Employment Development in China in 20 19" shows that over 90% of employees are willing to try flexible jobs. According to ASA's survey results, 97% of respondents in the United States said that job flexibility is very important to them. A recent study by Competency Jane in Britain shows that 92%.
millennials
Take flexibility as the top priority in job hunting; 80% of women and 52% of men want to be flexible in the next role; 70% of British employees think flexible work is more attractive to them, and 30% prefer flexible work to salary increase.
Willingness to increase income
With the development of market economy, the level of consumption expenditure such as house price and education is increasing, and the cost of living in cities is also increasing. More and more middle and lower classes choose to rely on odd jobs to increase their economic income, and even many full-time workers will choose to supplement their income by odd jobs. In addition, the burden of ordinary families is getting heavier and heavier, and the cost of support for the elderly and the cost of education for children are rising sharply, especially in first-tier cities, and the phenomenon of working at the same time is becoming more and more common.
In Pew's survey, 56% people choose odd jobs to make more money. 52% people said that their main reason for doing odd jobs was to narrow the income gap. With the increase of people's willingness to increase income, the digital spiritual industry has developed rapidly because of the diversification of its income channels. The development of digital intelligent workers improves the income level of low-income groups and helps to alleviate the income distribution gap and economic pressure.
The epidemic is accelerating.
20 19 COVID-19 epidemic swept the world, which not only accelerated the digital transformation of the market, but also changed people's working methods, especially accelerated telecommuting and online interaction, and accelerated the arrival of the era of digital and intelligent work in China. According to MobTech Big Data, during the Spring Festival in 2020, more than 400 million users in China will use telecommuting applications.
According to the report, in the second quarter of 2020, the online freelance job recruitment information increased by 4 1%. On the freelancer platform Fiverr, in the first quarter of 2020 alone, the number of platform customers increased by 4% year-on-year because more and more customers invested more in freelance projects.
Telecommuting reshapes the original working mode by breaking the limit of interpersonal contact distance, and realizes the organic integration of offline and online business of enterprises. The epidemic situation has accelerated the development of telecommuting, which is the key point of digitalization of knowledge and skills. Many companies are attracted by the direct and indirect cost savings brought by this model.
Data source:
China Digital Gong Ling Market Development Research Report 2022 by Future Work Research Institute, page 52. pdf。
Text label
Definition of Digital Gong Ling
Flexible employment
Gig economy
Definition of Digital Gong Ling Part I: Summary of relevant policies of national prefabricated construction industry from February to March 2022.
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