Jinan is located at 36 40 ′ north latitude and117 00 ′ east longitude, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north. Located at the junction of hilly areas in central and southern Shandong and alluvial plain in northwest Shandong, the terrain is high in the south and low in the north. The terrain can be divided into three areas: the Yellow River area in the north, the piedmont plain area in the middle and the hilly and mountainous area in the south. The main peaks in the territory are Changchengling, Paomaling, Ladder Mountain and Heiniuzhai. There are more than 3,000 square kilometers of mountains and hills and 5,000 square kilometers of plains. The highest altitude is 1 108.4m, the lowest altitude is 5m, and the height difference between north and south is 1 100m. There are nine mountains in the city, including Woniu Mountain, Huashan Mountain, Queshan Mountain, Biaoshan Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain, North Maanshan Mountain, Sushan Mountain, Kuangshan Mountain and Yaoshan Mountain. Most of the mountainous areas in the southeast are about 800 meters above sea level, and the hills in the northwest are less than 200 meters above sea level. The whole Jinan is basin-shaped.
Geological resources There are six soil types in the city: brown soil, cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil, black soil in Jiang Sha, paddy soil and aeolian sand. Clay, limestone and dolomite are of high quality and quantity. "Jinan black" gabbro and "Liubuhong" granite have been exported to more than 30 countries and regions such as Europe, Asia and Africa, and the production scale has been gradually expanded. Rich in mineral resources, mainly iron, coal, granite, refractory clay, copper, potassium, platinum, diamonds and other non-ferrous metals, rare metals and nonmetals. Limestone, in particular, has high grade and large reserves. Granite black granite, pure in texture, is unique to China, and mostly occurs in the southern mountainous area of Jinan.