Details of mirabilis jalapa and cordate telosma

Mirabilis jalapa is the scientific name of mirabilis jalapa. Other standard names are: Four Seasons, Marvel Comics, Peru, Chinese name Mirabilis jalapa, alias: grass jasmine, boiled soup flower, maniu flower, rouge flower, powder flower, night flower, thunder flower, official powder flower, tide flower, night Jiao Jiao flower, bath flower and bean curd flower. Origin and main distribution originated in tropical South America, and now it is cultivated in China for viewing. Biological classification: Mirabilis, a perennial herbaceous flower of Mirabilis, is often cultivated as an annual plant, with a height of 1 m. Root-tuber plant with thick and fat roots, inverted cone, black or dark brown. The main stem is erect, cylindrical, multi-branched, hairless or sparsely puberulent, and the nodes are slightly enlarged. The single leaf is opposite, the leaf is ovate or ovoid-triangular, 3-15cm long and 2-9cm wide, the tip is tapered, the base is truncated or heart-shaped, the whole edge is hairless on both sides, and the veins are protruding; Petiole length 1-4 cm, upper leaves almost sessile. Flowers are constantly growing on the branches; Sepals petaloid, style length1-2 mm; Involucre bell-shaped, about 1 cm long. 5- split. Lobes triangular-ovate, apex acuminate, glabrous, veined, persistent in fruit; Perianth is purplish red, yellow, white or variegated (white, yellow and red are its varieties). High-legged dish, tube length 2-6 cm, eaves diameter 2.5-3 cm, 5 petals; In bloom in the afternoon, it smells good. Withered before noon the next day; Stamens 5, filaments slender, usually protruding outside the flower, anthers spherical; Style solitary, linear, protruding outside the flower. Stigma capitate. Corolla funnel-shaped, with wavy lobed edges, but without petals. Achene is spherical, 5-8 mm in diameter, leathery, black, angular, with wrinkles on the surface, like mine; The seeds are white and the cotyledons are very fine white powder. The flowering period is June -65438+ 10, and the fruiting period is August-165438+ 10. Some flowers are terminal, with white, yellow, red, pink, purple, striped or mottled colors, and even more elegant jasmine fragrance. The variety is dwarf mirabilis jalapa, with a plant height of about 30 cm and thin seeds. Among them, there is a rose variety with high ornamental value. There is also a double-petal variety' Loushanglou', which is a famous product among mirabilis jalapa. Mirabilis jalapa is native to tropical South America. It likes mild and humid climate conditions and is not cold-resistant. In winter, the aboveground parts will die, and the underground parts of the south of the Yangtze River can safely overwinter and become perennial grass flowers, and new plants will continue to grow next spring. Open cultivation requires deep, loose and fertile loam, and potted plants can use general flower cultivation soil. It is best to grow in the shade. Flowers bloom in the evening to early morning and close under strong light. When there is shade in summer, it grows well and blooms well, and there are often fallen leaves in the hot sun in summer. I like a well-ventilated environment. Mirabilis jalapa can be propagated by spring sowing or self-sowing, usually by seeds. Nutlets can be planted directly in the open field in the middle and late April, and the suitable temperature for germination is 15℃ to 20℃, which will germinate in seven or eight days. Because it is a deep-rooted flower, it is not suitable for planting in an empty seedbed. If conditions permit, it can be planted in a pot with an inner diameter of 10 cm in advance, and then moved to a pot for planting after the seedlings grow. At the end of autumn in the north, you can cut off the ground, dig out the perennial roots, bury them in flowerpots with wet soil, and lower the greenhouse for winter. Continue to cultivate in the open field next spring, and the plants will grow fast and bloom early. Although the growth of perennial plants is not as vigorous as that of sowing seedlings, their tuberous roots expand year by year, and they can grow into brown lumps with a diameter of about 10 cm for three consecutive years, with shriveled epidermis and hard texture. In spring, the lower part of root tuber 1/3 can be planted in shallow pots, and the upper part of root tuber is exposed and gradually stemed to adapt to the external environment. Inspired by modeling, it constitutes a natural rock bonsai. Every spring, 1 to 2 new branches will blossom and bear fruit. After autumn, cut off the branches, put the root tuber into the original basin, and keep the basin soil well collected. It can be cultivated continuously for decades. The older the root tuber is, the more primitive and vigorous it looks, and it has a unique charm. The cultivation and management of this variety is simple, sowing in early spring, flowering and fruiting in summer and autumn. Transplanting resistance, fast growth and strong. Planting in Jiangnan all the year round. More annual cultivation should be done in North China, or the old roots should be dug up at the end of autumn and put indoors at 5℃ for the winter. The plants planted in the open field in the next spring can still bloom in the afternoon and wither in the morning. Mirabilis jalapa is propagated by seeds, and it is suitable to sow and raise seedlings in March-April. When the seedlings grow to 2-4 leaves, they should be planted with a spacing of 50-80 cm. Pay attention to shading after transplantation. Mirabilis jalapa is extensive in management and easy to grow. Pay attention to proper fertilization and watering. Mirabilis jalapa is an anemophilous flower, and different varieties are easy to cross. To maintain the characteristics of varieties, it is necessary to cultivate them in isolation. Mirabilis jalapa is strong in sex, adaptability and extensive in maintenance and management. Attention should be paid to: ① reproduction. Mirabilis jalapa is often propagated by seeds, which can be directly sown in the open field in spring, and attention should be paid to thinning seedlings after emergence; You can also raise seedlings first. When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, transplant and plant, with a spacing of about 50 cm. Pay attention to proper shading and watering after transplanting. ② Maintenance management. Mirabilis jalapa is easy to grow, extensive in maintenance and management, and can be properly fertilized and watered during the growing period. ③ Collect seeds. Because Mirabilis jalapa is pollinated by wind, it is easy to cross between varieties. In order to ensure that the harvested seeds can maintain excellent characteristics, different varieties should be isolated and cultivated. Mirabilis jalapa likes warm climate and requires loose, fertile and deep soil, and loam rich in humus is better mixed with sand. Mirabilis jalapa mostly propagates through seeds, but some also propagate through underground tubers. In the area south of the Yangtze River Basin in China, sowing should be carried out in late March and early April. In early spring and February, the seedbed should be deeply dug, thinned and leveled to make its width 1 m. 6-8 meters long. Sowing or drilling can be used, which requires uniform sowing, covering a layer of plant ash mixed soil with a thickness of about 3 cm, watering and keeping moisture. After emergence, thin water and fertilizer can be applied to accelerate the growth of seedlings. After summer, when the seedlings grow to 5-6 inches high, you can choose robust seedlings and transplant them into flower beds, flower beds or flowerpots. The daily management of Mirabilis jalapa is relatively simple. Spraying some water on sunny nights and topdressing thin fertilizer 1-2 times every night are beneficial to normal growth. There are few pests and diseases, and dry weather is easy to breed aphids. Usually moisturizing can prevent aphids. Cultivated in flower beds and courtyards, no pests and diseases have been found for many years. Mirabilis jalapa is rich in color, strong in stress resistance and can reproduce itself. The night is open and the day is closed, and the flowers are overflowing. It is suitable to be arranged in the shade in the evening or at night, which is quite interesting. It can be planted in front of the house, behind the fence, beside the road, or around the forest edge, and can also be used as a stump-like potted plant with exposed roots by making use of its perennial characteristics. (1) Botanical characteristics: the roots are spindle-shaped, fleshy, and the surface is brown and black. The main stem is erect, with a height of 50 ~ 100 cm, swollen nodes and many branches. Single leaf opposite, ovoid or ovoid triangle, entire. The flower is terminal, and the involucre is only 1 flower, without petals. Calyx petaloid, trumpet-shaped, about 2.5 cm in diameter. Bloom in the afternoon, withered in the morning; It will fall off soon. Flower petal calyx has purple, pink, red, yellow, white and other colors, but also variegated. Achene is spherical, black, with longitudinal edges and reticular texture, and looks like a mine, also known as a small mine. The endosperm of seeds is white and delicate, which is an ideal natural cosmetic. The 1000-grain weight is about 109 g. (2) Requirements for environmental conditions: Mirabilis jalapa likes warm climate and requires loose, fertile and deep soil, and loam rich in humus is well mixed with sand. Seedlings are not cold-tolerant and like warm environment, among which dwarf species are not heat-tolerant and afraid of frost. I like the light, I am afraid of the scorching sun, and I am a little tolerant of semi-shade. Sandy bed soil is beneficial to the growth of seedlings, and it likes to be wet. (3) Seeding techniques Mirabilis jalapa mostly uses seed propagation, and underground root propagation and cutting propagation are also useful. 1, seed propagation in the south of Yangtze River valley in China, sowing in late March and early April. In early spring and February, the seedbed should be dug, thinned and leveled to make a bed with a width of 1 m and a length of 6-8 m. Sowing can be carried out by sowing or drilling. It is required to sow evenly and control the ground temperature at about 20℃. Sowing, the sowing amount per square meter of seedbed is about 300g, covered with a layer of plant ash mixed soil with a thickness of about 3cm, watered, and kept moist at ordinary times. The optimum temperature for seed germination is about 20℃. Six days after emergence, thin water and fertilizer can be applied after emergence to accelerate seedling growth. When there are 1 pairs of leaves, the seedlings move and the single plant becomes a seedling. Because the days of seedlings are short, they are usually transplanted once, and the nutritional area of seedlings is 64 ~ 8 1 cm2. It is easy to grow white at seedling stage, so cultivation in the south side of greenhouse or greenhouse is beneficial to control it, otherwise it is necessary to have a larger nutritional area and reduce the temperature appropriately. When the seedlings grow to 5-6 inches high, healthy seedlings can be selected and transplanted into flower beds, flower beds or flowerpots. Five to seven days before planting, the seedlings are enlarged by air cooling and planted after the final frost. There should be about 6 pairs of leaves when the seedlings are planted, and 3 pairs of leaf axils have sprouted. It takes about 50 days to raise seedlings in greenhouse in spring. 2. Utilization technology of old roots The old tuberous roots can be repeatedly propagated and utilized for about 65,438+00 years. In the south of the Yangtze River, tuberous roots can safely overwinter and become perennial flowers. In areas that can't survive the winter, the roots can be dug up and stored for planting in the second year, and new plants can be issued after planting in the second year. Practice: After first frost, cut the plant 3-5 cm above the ground, dig out the root tuber, dry it until the epidermis is dry, and put it in a dry place without direct sunlight, without watering for one winter, and control the temperature at about lO℃. 3. The cutting propagation technology takes foot bud, terminal bud and axillary bud as cuttings, among which foot bud has the strongest growth potential, is not easy to degenerate and has strong disease resistance. Use sand, slag, garden soil, etc. As a matrix. The temperature after cutting is controlled at about 20℃, and rooting takes 10 days. Transplanting into a container after rooting to cultivate seedlings. (4) Daily management The daily management of Mirabilis jalapa is relatively simple. Spraying some water in sunny days and evening, and topdressing thin fertilizer 1-2 times every evening are beneficial to normal growth. Flower beds are cultivated in the courtyard, and no pests and diseases have been found for many years. The root of Mirabilis jalapa is brown and looks like a rock. It is a good material for stump bonsai. The root tuber of Mirabilis jalapa will expand year by year, and grow into a diameter of about 10 cm after three years, which can be cultivated for decades. With the increase of culture time, the root tuber will become more vigorous. Attention should be paid in cultivation: ① Overwintering. Mirabilis jalapa can spend the winter in the open air in Jiangnan. Measures should be taken in the north: at the end of autumn, the roots of Mirabilis jalapa should be dug up and buried in the wet soil in the basin, put indoors and cultivated in the next spring. ② planting. The lower part of Mirabilis jalapa root 1/4 is planted in a shallow pot, and the rest is exposed, which can take root, grow and bloom under normal maintenance and management. Can be planted in front of the house, beside the fence, beside the sparse forest, and will emit a strong fragrance at dusk. Roots and leaves can be used as medicine. Flowers can be used as medicine to treat diarrhea. Leaves and endosperm can be used to make cosmetic powder (also called official pollen flower, because seeds and embryos can be dried and ground to make cosmetic powder).