Nine Systematic Examinations of Male Infertility
A person who has a normal sexual life after marriage, has not been pregnant within 2 years and has not taken any contraceptive measures is called infertility. According to the survey data, among the causes of infertility in China, males account for 20-30% and females account for 60-70%, and about 10% of the causes are the same. In recent years, male infertility is on the rise.
If the wife has been living together after marriage and has no children, if there is no problem after the examination, the man should go to the hospital in time to find out the reason and treat as soon as possible. The following examinations can be carried out in the urology or andrology department of the hospital in turn, preferably in the infertility department.
First, medical history
It is very important to collect medical history correctly. Patients should actively cooperate and truthfully reflect the following situations:
1. Occupation and type of work: exposure to poisons (lead, mercury and phosphorus) and radiation, exposure to high temperature, contact time and protective measures; Nutritional status; Have bad hobbies (cigarettes, alcohol), etc. .
2. Past medical history: whether you have gonorrhea, mumps, tuberculosis, epididymitis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis or spinal cord injury, dysuria, diabetes or hypothyroidism. And the treatment situation and effect.
3. Marriage and sexual life: including the attitude towards sexual life, the mode and frequency of sexual intercourse, whether there is nocturnal emission, impotence, premature ejaculation, etc. And whether there are masturbation habits before marriage; How is the relationship between husband and wife, whether the wife is healthy and whether the sexual life is coordinated; Years of marriage, cohabitation time and whether to take contraceptive measures.
4. Previous examination and treatment: the results of the man's semen examination, the time and method of collection; Have you ever been treated, and what is the effect; The woman's exam.
5. Family history: Are there any patients with infertility, hermaphroditism, genetic diseases and tuberculosis in the family?
Second, physical examination
Including general and reproductive organs examination. General examination, like internal medicine, should pay special attention to development, nutrition and mental state, but the focus is on the examination of reproductive organs, including:
1, penis: pay attention to whether there is serious phimosis, induration, inflammation, tumor or dysplasia.
2. urethra; Whether there is fistula, fissure or induration.
3. Prostate: The size can be checked by anal examination for induration and tumor, or by massaging prostatic fluid.
4. Testicle: Measure its size, palpation hardness, induration, tenderness and tumor, and whether it is cryptorchidism.
5, spermatic cord: touch the hardness of the vas deferens, whether there are nodules, tenderness, varicocele.
Third, the laboratory inspection
Except for semen examination, the rest should be selected according to the specific situation of patients:
1, semen analysis: This is helpful to understand male fertility, and it is a necessary item for male infertility. The examination contents include color, quantity, liquefaction time, pH value, sperm count, motility, survival rate and morphology.
2. In vitro heterogeneous insemination experiment: Even if the routine analysis of semen is completely normal, sometimes it still cannot fully represent the insemination ability of sperm. In vitro fertilization experiment can estimate sperm fertilization ability more accurately, which is of great value to judge male fertility. The commonly used heterofertilization experiment is that human sperm penetrates hamster eggs, and the sperm of normal fertility people is used as the control.
3. Prostate fluid examination: normal is milky white and alkaline. At high magnification, tiny refracted lecithin particles with a small amount of epithelial cells, amyloid and sperm can be seen in the whole field. White blood cell count is lower than 10/HP. When there is inflammation, the white blood cell count increases, even piles of pus cells can be seen, and lecithin particles are obviously reduced.
Fourth, endocrine examination. The function of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis can be understood by gonadotropin-releasing hormone examination. The determination of testosterone level can directly reflect the function of interstitial cells. If necessary, thyroid hormone, adrenal sebum hormone or prolactin can be determined.
Five, Doppler ultrasound examination.
X-ray examination In order to determine the location of vas deferens obstruction, vasectomy, epididymal radiography, vasectomy, seminal vesicle radiography or urethrography can be used, and patients with hyperprolactinemia can take X-ray of sella turcica (positive position) to determine whether there is pituitary adenoma.
Seven, immunological examination. Use sperm agglutination test or braking test to detect sperm agglutination antibody or braking antibody in serum or seminal plasma. There are many detection methods, so we should choose them according to local conditions.
Eight, testicular biopsy. For azoospermia or oligozoospermia, the spermatogenic function of testicular seminiferous tubules and the development of interstitial cells can be directly examined. Immunohistochemical staining can reflect the synthesis and metabolism of local hormones.
Nine, chromosome karyotype analysis. It can be used for external reproductive organ malformation, testicular dysplasia and unexplained azoospermia.
Pregnancy is a systematic project, involving many factors of man, woman and both sides. I suggest you go to the professional department of a regular hospital for systematic detection and treatment. This can avoid detours and get pregnant as soon as possible!
Second, what examination should female infertility do?
The inspection items in each hospital can't be consistent, there will be differences and the cost will be different.
Female infertility examination-systematic examination besides general examination, reproductive system examination should also be done. So, what tests must be done? You can get a general idea in advance and get ready.
(1) female infertility examination-besides general examination, systematic examination should also include reproductive system examination. In addition to general visual inspection and palpation, colposcopy examination and internal diagnosis (double river diagnosis or triple diagnosis) should be done to get a preliminary understanding of the general situation of vagina, uterus, cervix, fallopian tube, ovary and pelvic cavity, such as whether the size and position of uterus are normal, whether there is lump and tenderness in fallopian tube, uterus and ovary, whether there is lifting pain in uterus and the activity of accessories.
(2) Female infertility examination-inferring ovulation and predicting ovulation period: it can be judged by B-ultrasound, basal body temperature measurement, cervical mucus examination or hormone determination.
(3) Female infertility examination-endometrial examination: If necessary, we can know the functional state of endometrium through biopsy, and physical examination is a reliable method to know whether there is ovulation or luteal function. At the same time, we can also know the size of uterine cavity and exclude uterine diseases, such as tuberculosis and uterine fibroids.
(4) Examination of female infertility-determination of endocrine function: for example, determine serum estrogen and progesterone levels at different times of menstrual cycle to understand ovarian function; Determination of basal metabolic rate to understand thyroid function; Adrenal function examination and serum prolactin determination were performed.
(5) Female infertility examination-tubal patency examination: including tubal ventilation or fluid examination and hysterosalpingography, mainly to understand whether the fallopian tube is patency and whether the uterine fallopian tube is normal or abnormal. It can also be used for the treatment of tubal patency (such as mild adhesion).
(6) Female infertility examination-immunological examination: Some infertility is related to the existence of anti-sperm antibodies in the body, so sometimes it is necessary to carry out relevant immunological examination. To know whether there are anti-sperm antibodies, in addition to the determination of anti-sperm antibodies, we can also know indirectly through post-coital test and in vitro sperm penetration test.
(7) Female infertility examination-X-ray examination of skull and brain (sella turcica): To know whether there are tumors or other lesions in the pituitary gland.
(8) Female infertility examination-chromosome examination.
Two, in general, pregnancy should ensure the following five basic conditions:
1). Mature normal sperm and eggs;
2). The reproductive tract is unobstructed;
3) There is a suitable breeding environment, normal uterine cavity and normal endometrium, and the changes of endometrium should be suitable for the implantation of fertilized eggs;
4). The right time for sperm-egg combination. In after ejaculation, a normal person can survive for about 2~3 days after entering the uterine cavity, but its fertility can only be maintained for 1 ~ 2 days. The survival time of sperm left in vagina without entering uterine cavity will not exceed 1 day. In principle, only one ovary produces 1 egg every month, which will soon enter the fallopian tube for fertilization after being discharged. If you don't encounter sperm, 12~24 hours will lose the ability to conceive!
5). To have a certain biochemical basis, a series of biochemical changes will occur before sperm and egg combine (this is the most complicated and important). If these changes are normal, the chances of sperm and eggs will be guaranteed!
The above five basic conditions are necessary for natural conception. If one of the links fails, even if the husband and wife have extremely loving feelings, it will not help. If infertile couples want to restore their fertility, they must be under the guidance of a doctor (doctor's thinking or consideration: 1. Male reasons; 2. The woman's reasons; 3. Both reasons. ), find out the problems from these five aspects, and there is hope of pregnancy!
Third, your fertility still exists! As long as the woman is not menopausal, regardless of age, irregular menstruation, ligation or not, and the man has sperm, there are ways to get you pregnant and have children!
If you are in a hurry to get pregnant and have children, I suggest you come to Yuncheng, Shanxi Province and use the assisted reproductive technology that we have created, perfected and practiced for many years. This is an improved technology, which simplifies and optimizes the technical process of IVF. At a specific time of ovulation, a specific number of sperm are directly transplanted to a specific part of the fallopian tube without taking eggs, similar to the "gamete intrafallopian transplantation" in IVF technology. The procedure is simplified and optimized, the conception environment is closer to natural physiology, more in line with natural laws, and the implantation rate of gestational sac is greatly improved. The medical expenses for each menstrual cycle of pregnancy total 5000 yuan. Successful pregnancy that month; Most of them get pregnant successfully within three or four months. Far high than that success probability of artificial insemination and IVF. With the rapid development of medical technology, the success rate of artificial insemination recorded in official authoritative documents is only 17%, that is, the average success rate of IVF is only 37% (please pay attention to the difference between "giving" and "receiving"). Please Baidu search "gamete intra-fallopian tube transplantation" related vocabulary to understand …
This will cost less and be faster, which can solve your pregnancy and childbirth problems as soon as possible; No matter how many sperm, vitality, as long as there is sperm, there is a solution; Sperm cells or immature sperm cells or even immature sperm cells are also partially feasible. Of course, if the condition is complicated, you can also choose to sign an agreement to treat infertility, and all kinds of medical expenses are guaranteed. Sign an agreement to ensure your pregnancy and delivery! Do not let you spend money; Fertility technology is not a problem; Baidu knows the reputation of Internet business for more than ten years, so you can check it online at any time.
Good luck with your pregnancy!
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