When did the title of "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" come into being? According to the investigation, in the early Ming Dynasty, Han, Liu and other humanities were selected as the Eight Masters Collection, so the name of the Eight Masters was used. Among the Wenbian compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty, there were only eight in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to their theories, Mao Kun compiled *** 160 volume Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. This book was widely circulated in the old society, and the name "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" became popular. Since the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, writers of all ages have taken the Eight Masters as their religion. Eight Great Banknotes in Tang and Song Dynasties 164, including the Ming Wanli engraving and the Qing Dynasty bookstore engraving. In Qing Dynasty, Wei Yuan had eight volumes of Eight Great Readers in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were the central figures who presided over the ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties. They advocated prose and opposed parallel prose, which had a far-reaching influence on the literary world at that time and later generations.
Han Yu 768-824
Han Yu, born in mengzhou city, Henan Province, was originally from Changli, Hebei Province. An outstanding writer and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, the leader of the ancient prose movement, and the leader of the "Eight Masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties" occupy a lofty position in the history of China's prose development. Su Dongpo praised him as "the decline of eight generations of literature." Scientific name and official career have suffered many setbacks, and their thoughts tend to be retro. Politically, he opposed the separatist regime of the buffer region and safeguarded the reunification of the Tang Dynasty. Advocating Taoism and criticizing Buddhism and Taoism. He led the "ancient prose movement" against parallel prose in the Tang Dynasty, and opposed the flashy formalism style. His prose writing theories, such as the unity of literature and Taoism, the combination of enthusiasm and propriety, the importance of expressing one's will and the order of words, have important guiding significance for future generations. His articles are magnificent, luxurious and unrestrained, full of twists and turns, novel and concise, logical and rigorous, blending ancient and modern. Whether it is discussion, narration or lyricism, it has formed a unique style and reached a height that no one has ever reached before. All his works are included in Mr. Changli's collection of works.
Liu Zongyuan 773-8 19
Liu Zongyuan was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province) and Chang 'an. In the early years of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar, and he was the official governor. During the reign of Emperor Shunzong, Wang was in power. He served as the minister of rites and was determined to carry out political reform. Soon, Wang failed, and he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima and transferred to Liuzhou Secretariat. He lived in the south for fourteen years and died in Liuzhou. A famous thinker and outstanding writer in Tang Dynasty. As an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Liu Zongyuan opposed the glamorous style of writing that has enveloped the literary world since the Six Dynasties and advocated concise and smooth prose. He is the author of forty-five volumes of Liuhe Dongji and two volumes of Waiji. Liu Zongyuan left more than 600 poems in his life. Most of his poems are about expressing depression, grief, homesickness and friendship, which makes him unique. What is most praised by the world is those leisurely landscapes with deep feelings. Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu, another writer in the Tang Dynasty, advocated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.
Ouyang Xiu 1007- 1072
Politicians, writers, historians and poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yongshu was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan) because Jizhou was originally from Luling County. Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. Yingzong, the official to the secretary of the Council, and political affairs; The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. He advocated political and literary innovation. He is not only a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal, but also a leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish backward, Su Shi and his son, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his door. The creative achievements are also considerable, and poems, words and essays are the best at the moment. Prose has become one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of its eloquence and euphemism. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. There is Ouyang Wenzhong's official document collection. The poem "Walking on Shakespeare".
Su Xun1009 ——1066
Prose writer in northern song dynasty. The Han nationality, together with its sons Su Shi and Su Zhe, are called "Three Sus", and they are all included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". The word Ming Yun is called Lao Quan. Meizhou Meishan (now Sichuan) people. Han Qi recommended him as secretary of Wen 'an County, bookkeeper of provincial schools and master book. He is good at prose, especially in political theory, with clear exposition and vigorous brushwork. And Jia. Su Xun is a man with political ambitions. He said that the main purpose of his composition is to "speak the important words of the moment" and "apply them to the present". In some important argumentative papers, such as Lun Heng and Shang Shu, he put forward a set of ideas of political innovation. He believes that to govern the country well, it is necessary to "assess the situation" and "smooth the situation." He advocated "respecting prestige", strengthening official management, breaking the laziness, inspiring the enterprising spirit of the people all over the world and revitalizing the Song Dynasty. Because Su Xun has a good understanding of social reality, is good at summing up historical experience and lessons, and takes history as a mirror, although his political essays inevitably have some pedantic and biased views, many of his views are still to the point.
Sushi1037-1101
Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, Zi Hezhong, Dongpo Jushi, Meishan, Sichuan. A great writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, with many creative talents, made unique and outstanding achievements in poetry, ci, literature, painting and books. The world is called Su Dongpo. Su Xun, the fifth son of his father, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an assistant and setting up this state. He is not allowed to sign books and official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You four years (1089), out of Hangzhou, then changed to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), Zhezong went into politics and was successively demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Sansu" is three of the eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to his father Su Xun, the "Su Laoquan" who mentioned "Twenty-seven, just to get angry" at St Amethyst. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
Su Zhe1039-1112
Su Zhe was an essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi, they are called "Three Sus", ranking among the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". The son is from Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Emperor Injong's reign (1057), he joined Su Shi as a scholar. Soon after, he returned to mourning because of the loss of his mother. After six years in Jiayou, he also worked with Su Shi in middle school. At that time, he was not appointed as an official because of "begging for support" and has been an official in Daming House since then. In the third year of Xining (1070), he wrote a letter to Zongshen, urging the new law to remain unchanged, and wrote a letter to Wang Anshi, criticizing the new law fiercely. In the fifth year of Xining (1072), he entered Henan as an official. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), his brother Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". He wrote to ask for atonement for his brother with his official position, but he was not involved, was demoted and sentenced to Yunzhou salt and wine tax. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, the old party was in power, and was recalled as a secretary, a provincial school book lang and a right secretary, promoted to a living lang, and transferred to the position of a Chinese book clerk and assistant minister of the household department. For four years (1089), Zhezong Yuanyou was authorized as an official minister and sent to Qidan. He is also the heir to the empire. In the sixth year of Yuan You, he worshipped Shang Shu You Cheng, became an assistant minister at the beginning, and took charge of state affairs. In the eighth year of Yuan You, philosophers were pro-political, and the new school came back to power. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), he wrote against current politics and was demoted as an official. He knew Ruzhou and Yuanzhou, was responsible for granting special permission to Huazhou and resettling Leizhou, and was later demoted to Zhou Xun and other places. After worshiping Ning for three years (1 104), Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in the countryside, built a room called "Yi Lao Zhai", and named it "Welcome guests and care for the elderly". He took reading and writing as his occupation and sat in meditation. After his death, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Ming Taizu Temple and decided to bury him. Su Zhe's life knowledge was deeply influenced by his father and brother, mainly Confucianism, and he admired Mencius most and visited hundreds of schools. He is good at political theory and historical theory. In political theory, he talks about world events. For example, the new theory (1) says that "in today's world, great events are uneasy, chaotic but not dangerous, while Yoshioka is crude and does not lift them, and there is no mutation but chronic illness". Analyzing the political situation at that time can hit the nail on the head.
Wang Anshi 102 1- 1086
Wang Anshi's real name is Banshan, nicknamed Badger Lang and Jing Guogong. The world is also called Wang, and the world is also called Mr Linchuan. Linchuan, Fuzhou (now from Liyang Village, Shangchi, dongxiang county, Fuzhou), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has twice served as a reformer and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lenin praised him as "the greatest reformer in China 1 1 century".
Ceng Gong (10 19— 1083)
Ceng Gong was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi). Known by the world as "Mr. Nanfeng", a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Song Jiayou became a scholar in the second year (1057). When I was a child, Ceng Gong and his brother Zeng Ye studied hard together, and they showed good talent from an early age. His younger brother Zeng Zhao called him "born alert, not like a teenager" in "A Journey to My Dead Brother", and he had a superior memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and blurting it out". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), at the age of 39, he was admitted as a scholar and was appointed as the Taiping Judicial Army, from which he embarked on his career. The following year, Feng recalled to Beijing, edited and collated books in the history museum, moved the museum to collate, and recruited collating talents. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as the governor of Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming and Bo, and was quite famous. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Zongshen summoned him, he proposed that economy was the key to financial management, which was quite appreciated by Zongshen, and he left three classes to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen was good at historiography, so he appointed the History Museum to compile the Outline of the Five Dynasties, but failed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshipped Zhongshu Sheren. He died in Jiangning House the following year. When operating Buddhism, we pursue "Wen Ding". Ceng Gong's performance on the political stage is not outstanding, but his greater contribution lies in his academic thought and literary career.