This standard specifies the method, process and principle of software R&D cost measurement, including the composition, process and application of software R&D cost measurement. This standard is applicable to the cost measurement of software R&D projects closely related to functional scale. This standard does not involve software pricing, but related parties can define R&D expenses according to this standard, thus providing an important basis for software pricing.
2. Background of standard setting
For a long time, how to measure and evaluate the cost of software R&D projects has been a difficult problem in the industry. At present, there is no scientific and unified software R&D project cost measurement standard system in China to guide, standardize and manage the R&D cost of software projects, which to a great extent leads to no evidence to follow when budgeting, resulting in great waste. In the process of bidding and bid evaluation of software projects, because it is impossible to define the reasonable cost range of software engineering projects, malicious low-price or ultra-high-price bidding sometimes occurs; In the process of project implementation, due to the lack of scientific cost control basis, software developers often have time lag, and the cost far exceeds the initial estimated level.
3. Standard development process
Under the leadership of the Software Service Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the development of China's software cost measurement standard system began from 20 10. China Software Industry Association System and Software Process Improvement Branch (hereinafter referred to as "Process Improvement Branch") and China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization (hereinafter referred to as "Fourth Institute of Electronics") have carried out basic research work around the construction of software R&D cost measurement standard system and sorted out the standard system. The core standard "Software R&D Cost Measurement Specification" was formally established on 2010/2 with the plan number of 20 10-3 194T-SJ, which was jointly drafted by the process improvement branch and the Fourth Institute of Electronics, and about 40 companies participated.
4. The value of standards
1, advocating the use of internationally unified function point method to measure software scale, so that the measurement results are comparable;
2. Advocate the use of benchmark data to estimate the duration and cost of software, so as to make the estimation result more scientific;
3. Advocate the use of consistent estimation processes and formulas to make the estimation process transparent and the estimation results traceable.
5. Standard pilot application
"Software R&D Cost Measurement Specification" has been applied in pilot since 20 12. The General Administration of Customs, the People's Bank of China, Neusoft Group and other units all participated in the pilot work, which were applied in budget approval, project establishment, bidding and project planning respectively, and achieved good results. By the end of 20 13, * * about 2000 people had participated in CCEP training, and nearly 1500 people passed the examination, becoming the first batch of CCEP (software cost estimation experts) in China. After adopting the method stipulated in the standard, the problems that the pilot enterprises have been facing for a long time have been greatly solved.
6. Release of standards
The industry standard "Software R&D Cost Measurement Specification" (SJ/T1KLOC-0/463-2013) was officially released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of People's Republic of China (PRC) and China on June 38, 2065 +03+June 38, 2065.
7. Latest progress
It is recommended that this standard be led by Zhongguancun Zhilian Software Service Industry Quality Innovation Alliance, and is being applied for upgrading to the national standard. On July 3 15, the official distribution plan number was 20151553-T-4691. Development background of specifications.
As the national capital of software and information services, Beijing has always been in the forefront of the country in terms of industrial scale, and has maintained a relatively rapid growth level. Software and information services are also playing an increasingly important role in urban economic development. With the gradual implementation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the investment of all walks of life in Beijing in information construction is also increasing. There are 700 to 800 informatization projects in the city's financial allocation every year, with a total amount of more than 3 billion yuan, involving thousands of enterprises and institutions. However, there is no scientific and unified standard in this city to support, standardize and manage the calculation of software development cost of informatization projects, which greatly restricts the healthy and sustainable development of Beijing's software industry. Due to the lack of relevant standards, how to calculate the reasonable cost of software development for informatization projects has always been a difficult point in the development of Beijing's software industry, and there are often problems such as unfounded budget approval and malicious bidding for software projects.
2. The value of norms
Under the centralized guidance of Beijing Economic and Information Committee, Beijing Software and Information Service Exchange and Beijing Software Industry Association Process Improvement Branch jointly formulated the first local standard for software cost measurement in Beijing, namely "Specification for Software Development Cost Measurement of Informatization Projects", which will be officially implemented in June this year 165438+ 10. This indicates that the software development of informatization projects in our city has a scientific and standardized cost evaluation method, which is helpful to standardize the industry market, promote software enterprises to improve production efficiency and improve the quality of industrial growth. 1. compilation background
For a long time, how to calculate the cost of software R&D has always been a difficult problem in the industry, especially in activities such as budget, bidding and project planning. Due to the lack of scientific and unified standards for calculating the cost of software R&D, there is no evidence to follow when formulating the project budget, which leads to budget waste or insufficient budget. In the process of software project bidding, due to the lack of measurement basis of software R&D cost, malicious bidding and winning the bid at a low price often occur; Due to the lack of scientific cost control basis, in the process of project implementation, developers often lag behind and the cost far exceeds the original budget. Scientific and unified software R&D cost measurement standard is not only an important basis for effective software project management, but also an urgent need for the development of current software industry.
Therefore, the Software Service Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology entrusted the System and Software Process Improvement Branch of China Software Industry Association to take the lead in compiling the Software R&D Cost Measurement Specification. This standard specifies the method and process of software R&D cost measurement, including the composition, process and application of software R&D cost measurement. Its purpose is to help all parties involved in software research and development measure costs scientifically and consistently. However, the standard does not include the estimation model, industry benchmark data and detailed steps and methods of cost estimation in different scenarios, so it is necessary to formulate the application guide of the standard, so that all parties concerned can effectively carry out the related work of software R&D cost measurement according to different application scenarios and correctly use industry data and models.
2. Purpose and scope of the compilation
This guide is one of the application guides of software R&D cost measurement specification series, aiming at budget scenarios.
Cost measurement in Software R&D Cost Measurement Specification refers to the process of estimating the estimated value of software R&D cost or measuring and analyzing the actual value. In the software R&D cost measurement specification, budget refers to the process of determining the estimated project cost according to the result of project cost estimation. Therefore, this guide mainly describes how to estimate the cost in the budget scenario, and does not involve other aspects of budget preparation.
In the R&D Software Cost Measurement Specification and this guide, the process of software R&D includes requirements analysis, design, coding, integration, testing, acceptance and delivery activities and related project management and support activities. Therefore, the software R&D cost in this guide only includes all direct and indirect costs in the process of software R&D, but does not include data migration, software maintenance and other costs. The workload and duration involved in this guide are only used in the software development process.
The main purpose of this guide is to guide all parties involved in budget activities, effectively estimate the cost according to the software R&D cost measurement standard, and provide scientific basis for determining the software project budget.
This guide clarifies the steps and methods of carrying out cost estimation related activities based on software R&D cost measurement specifications and benchmark data, and clarifies the estimation and adjustment methods of typical cases through examples; For other special cases, relevant personnel should choose appropriate estimation methods or make reasonable adjustments to the estimation results according to the relevant principles of this guide, the Specification for Software R&D Cost Estimation and the characteristics of the project.
For other early estimation application scenarios similar to budget, relevant personnel can also refer to the relevant principles and methods in this guide for project estimation activities.