Author: Lun Feng Ming
Below I will introduce some experiences and lessons from my eight-month road engineering construction safety production management to my colleagues for your reference in future work and make a modest contribution to the full realization of road engineering construction safety production in China.
First, seizing opportunities is the key.
I applied for a job as a security officer in the newly established Second Construction Department. This is a test of my years of safety work. Most people are promoted step by step, but I am declining step by step (I used to work in the security department of a large military enterprise, but I was seconded to the security department of Shougang Third Construction Corporation for three years when the enterprise was in recession; After the bankruptcy of the military enterprise, he was employed by a private chemical enterprise to take charge of safety work; Now working as a security officer at the grassroots level can be said to have reached the lowest point); But it just provides a very good practice platform for me to fully master the skills and experience of grass-roots safety production. In this way, my work skills and experience are divided into enterprises: large, medium and small enterprises and private enterprises have mastered the safety management; From the inside of the enterprise: the skills and experience of grass-roots safety management in high school have been relatively rich; Divided by industry: We have gained sufficient experience in work safety in industries such as military industry, metallurgical construction, chemical industry, highway engineering construction, mechanical processing, etc. The experiences of various industries can learn from each other's strong points to continuously improve their overall safety quality and management level of work safety.
Two, with the strong support of the director, a clear division of safety work.
Conscientiously implement the safety production policy of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive treatment" and the principle of "whoever is in charge is responsible"; According to the relevant provisions of the state, the division of labor is as follows:
1. Director: the first person in charge of production safety in this department is directly responsible for production safety management. Other leaders: take direct leadership responsibility for safety production within the scope of their duties.
2. The construction team leader and foremen (or managers at the same level) are directly responsible for the safety in production within their respective responsibilities.
3. Safety officer: directly responsible for the safety production management of this office.
4. Employees: directly responsible for the safety production of this position; At the same time, we should do "three no harm" (that is, do not hurt ourselves, others and others).
Three, establish and improve the safety rules and regulations, improve the basic management.
After coming to the second construction department, the department added two management positions, health and safety. Because the newly established rules and regulations are not perfect, they are all applied to construction enterprises and basically do not meet the needs of practical work; While being familiar with safety, hygiene and security work, make use of spare time in the evening to formulate relevant rules and regulations.
1, aiming at the mixed tableware in the canteen; In order to pass on good diseases from mouth to mouth and prevent cross-infection diseases; Advise the leaders in time to implement the method of changing mixed meals into separate meals and keeping tableware for their own use. At the same time, the canteen safety and health management system and the canteen staff safety and health responsibilities were formulated and posted on the canteen wall to remind employees to implement them seriously at all times; Even the deputy director in charge of logistics said that "the rules and regulations when I opened the restaurant were not as comprehensive and detailed as yours"; In order to prevent infectious diseases and food poisoning accidents, it is guaranteed from the system.
2, road engineering construction is generally carried out at the scene, employees are concentrated accommodation; The safety, hygiene, security and fire prevention of dormitories are particularly prominent. If the management is not strictly standardized, it is easy to cause mass deaths and injuries. According to the actual situation of residents, the safety and health management system and fire prevention management system of employee dormitory were formulated and promulgated, which put forward specific requirements for dormitory management and employee behavior norms. Standardized management has been realized.
3. Due to the unfavorable factors such as long battle line, complicated situation (air, ground and underground), mixed intersection of construction machinery operation and traffic, long construction period and difficult management; Formulate and implement the management system of safe production and civilized construction on the construction site, and summarize the requirements of fire control content on the construction site into the management system of fire control work; The system puts forward specific requirements for the management norms of the construction site.
4. At present, migrant workers have become an important part of industrial workers; Because most of the construction workers are migrant workers, the overall safety awareness of migrant workers is weak, lacking the necessary safety knowledge and self-prevention ability, and their comprehensive quality is also poor; It is one of the important causes of production safety accidents, and the accident rate of migrant workers is quite high; It is a difficult and weak link in China's safety production work. To this end, the State Administration of Work Safety and other seven ministries and commissions attach great importance to the safety training of migrant workers, and jointly issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Safety Training of Migrant Workers to ensure that the safety training of migrant workers is carried out according to law. According to the special situation of migrant workers, the Management System of Safety Production Training and Education and the Teaching Material of Safety Construction Technology Training have been formulated.
5. I used the method of "Twenty Clarifications of Safety Work" summarized when I was engaged in safety management of construction projects; Namely: define the construction project; Understand the construction process arrangement; Understand the construction environment; Find out the construction difficulties; Find out the construction method; Understand the construction characteristics; Find out the construction equipment; Find out the construction season; Clear the construction plan; Clear the preparation of construction measures; Find out the outsourcing construction unit; Find out the person in charge of outsourcing security; Make safety technical disclosure before construction; Understand the signing and date of safety contract; Understand the implementation of safety construction regulations; Understand the safety quality of all employees; Find out the unsafe factors and dangers; Understand the preparation of safety protection and warning signs; Find out the typical construction units and projects; Understand the requirements of superiors for construction projects. Insist on going to the job site every day to get familiar with the construction situation, check people, things, environment and other aspects, understand the next construction arrangement, conduct risk analysis and prediction in advance, and carry out professional work in a targeted manner to nip in the bud. And calculate:
1) The responsibility system for safety in production for all employees stipulates the safety responsibilities that all personnel should bear in their work in this position; At the same time, related responsibilities such as "emergency management, eliminating illegal command in the work of engineering outsourcing units, leaving no hidden dangers in the work, and implementing safety joint insurance and mutual insurance" have been added to the corresponding posts.
2) The safety production supervision and inspection system specifies the types, contents and methods of inspection, the rectification and handling of hidden accidents, and the assessment requirements.
3) The safety technical disclosure system refers to the provisions of the building system, and the engineering and technical personnel are responsible for the disclosure, and the safety officer is responsible for supervising the implementation. This system puts forward specific requirements for the content, compilation, examination and approval, disclosure, implementation, supervision and assessment of safety technical disclosure.
4) The fund guarantee system for production safety puts forward specific requirements for the extraction, use, supervision and assessment of funds for production safety according to the provisions of the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Production Safety and the specific provisions of relevant state departments.
5) In order to effectively protect the safety and health of construction personnel, the labor protection articles management system puts forward specific requirements for the distribution standard, procurement, management and assessment of labor protection articles. Requirements for heatstroke prevention and cooling measures will also be included in these regulations.
6) The Management System for Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents has made specific provisions on accident reporting, investigation, on-site investigation and analysis, formulation of preventive measures, responsibility analysis and closing, and accountability.
7) The Provisions on Rewards and Punishment for Work Safety stipulates the detailed rules for the assessment of rewards and punishments for work safety; Implement the personal safety responsibility system.
8) According to the requirements of the superior, the formulation and exercise system of emergency rescue plan for project construction accidents is formulated, and each project has corresponding emergency rescue plan; Especially the emergency plan in rainy season is very important.
* * * Formulate and implement thirteen safety production rules and regulations. In addition, a regulation on the storage, use and maintenance of safety protection facilities and equipment will be drafted to strengthen specialized management.
6. At the same time, according to the characteristics of the project, the contract of responsibility for production safety of outsourced projects is formulated, and the safety responsibilities and penalties for breach of contract that Party A and Party B should bear in the project construction are clarified, and lawyers are invited to confirm that they meet the legal requirements before they can be put into use. And established a practical and effective safety production target management guarantee system, thus improving and perfecting the basic management of safety production.
Four, to carry out the work of production safety experience and lessons.
After improving the basic work of safety production, the focus of work immediately shifted to the safety management of "construction site". Focus on the following aspects:
1, safety work completed. After the promulgation and implementation of various safety rules and regulations, it can be said that all employees are "aware"; But for safety work, "knowing" and "doing" will produce completely different results. For example, in the construction near the intersection of the filling section of a secondary road in the urban area and the original township road, pedestrians and vehicles have to detour because the new road is more than 2 meters higher than the rural road; However, a motorcyclist forcibly pushed the car uphill to cross the construction road and collided with the bulldozer in operation during the reversing process; The motorcycle was scrapped, but fortunately, the cyclist jumped out and escaped unharmed. According to the investigation, the bulldozer driver did not observe the rear situation through the rearview mirror as required, but habitually "turned around to observe the situation"; Confirm that there is a "dead angle" in "turning around to observe the situation", which is the "dead angle" for commanding the accident; It is "known" to observe the rules of reversing through the rearview mirror, but it is not "done". The accident happened by accident. This typical case shows that safety rules and regulations should not only be "known" but also "implemented".
Today, when the whole society is highly concerned about safety in production, "knowing" is the minimum requirement. Only by grasping every small link and concrete action can we effectively turn "knowledge" into "action" and realize the long-term stability of safe production.
2, the construction site safety signs, protective facilities in place, is the basic guarantee to achieve safety in production. Set up corresponding safety warning signs at both ends of the construction road and important interference sections in the construction area such as intersections to remind operators, pedestrians, vehicles, etc. to "pay attention to safety" at all times; Effective safety protection facilities must be set up for dangerous parts such as pits, holes, ditches, pools, easy collapse and landslides in the construction area to prevent accidents; Safety devices of various mechanical and electrical equipment must be complete, reliable and effective to prevent personal injury accidents.
1) Set up various safety warning signs in time to remind pedestrians and vehicles to "pay attention to safety" when entering the construction area. As long as the roadbed forms traffic conditions, closed construction is impossible; It doesn't help to set up a no-go sign. For example, in the construction of the ring road project, there was an accident in which a drunk motorcycle hit a pile of gravel dumped on the side of the road and fell out and died; There are also the above-mentioned cross-collision accidents; It should have been bypassed, which was caused by coveting convenience, ignoring safety warnings and venturing into the construction area.
2) The setting of safety protection facilities must be in place. During the construction, in order to find out the location of underground facilities, there will be irregular exploratory pits, ditches dug when underground pipelines are buried, inspection wells and other dangerous parts, which cannot be eliminated immediately; If safety protection facilities are not set up in time, accidents may occur. Because most of these dangerous parts are on the roadside, it will be much safer to pile some soil on the side near the road after setting up protection; For particularly dangerous parts, we should also urge them to be eliminated as soon as possible, intensify inspections, and solve problems in time when found. For example, sewage pipes and manhole covers under construction in a park by the river are often crushed by passing vehicles; The park must be paved with stone slabs before vehicles can pass and then the manhole cover can be repaired. In order to prevent pedestrians from accidentally falling into the well, in addition to setting safety protection and warning signs, it is necessary to check every morning and evening (it takes about six kilometers to check a round trip) and restore the damaged protective facilities in time; So as to ensure safety.
3) Safety devices of mechanical equipment are very important to prevent problems; Light equipment is damaged and heavy injuries are caused. For example, when welding plastic sewage pipes, the terminal board of diesel generator output power supply can not be fixed on the shell because of overheating; After the inspection, let the operator go to the equipment manager for maintenance; But the equipment manager told me to "deal with it first"; Due to the vibration of equipment operation, the power supply terminal is short-circuited with the generator metal shell, which leads to the generator burning accident. What should have cost more than a dozen dollars to solve, but it cost nearly a thousand dollars; But also prone to electric shock accidents; It is worth reflecting.
3, fully grasp the engineering construction environment, reduce the occurrence of accidents. Ground buildings, mountains, overhead power lines and facilities, communication lines and facilities, underground pipelines and cables, weather changes, etc. Within the construction area; To know fairly well, timely urge and prompt the person in charge of construction and operators to pay attention to safety.
1) specifically grasp the safety of buildings (structures) such as houses, substations and poles in the construction area and nearby, and the soil conditions of the mountain (to prevent mudslides and landslides), and focus on supervising the parts that endanger the construction safety. For example, in the approach bridge construction, when the road roller vibrates and compacts the subgrade, the gypsum hanging shed of a residential building about 50 meters away from the construction site will be shaken off; Through on-site investigation, it was found that the thin iron wire of the hanging shed was partially corroded, which could not stand the vibration and broke the wire, leading to the fall of the gypsum shed. Fortunately, there is no injury and no danger; Finally, the staff of this house will be evacuated and compensated. This case, although it is a case; But it reminds us that in the future construction, we should strengthen safety publicity and visit the surrounding residents to prevent problems before they happen.
2) Electric overhead lines and communication overhead lines in the construction area must be monitored, and the responsibility should be carried out to people; In particular, the leased equipment and vehicles must be strictly managed to prevent major accidents. Accidents of scraping off civil electric lines and communication lines often occur in construction, which are generally caused by scraping off without lifting rod of wheel crane, scraping during grab operation of excavator, falling down when driving of engineering dump truck after unloading, etc. As long as the key links are grasped, accidents can be effectively prevented. Example 1: Our company once had a wheeled crane worth more than 800,000 yuan. During the operation of lifting concrete drainage pipe, it moves without lifting boom. As a result, it hit a 654.38+0.2 thousand volt high-voltage line, and the driver jumped out of the car to escape, causing the crane to be burned by electric shock and a large area of power failure. Example 2: In the paving operation of subgrade cement stabilized soil; A hired engineering dump truck (more work and more money) drove about 20 meters without falling off the bucket, scraped off the overhead communication cable and two wooden poles in the cross passage, and compensated the economic loss of 5000 yuan. It can be seen that ignoring safety not only didn't make more money, but lost 5000 yuan.
3) Underground pipelines, cables and other facilities on the construction site must be clearly understood and supervised and inspected in time; Report the cultural relics, dangerous goods, unknown objects and suspicious objects found in the operation in time, and don't touch them. For example, during the Olympic Games, we need to find an underground drainage pipe leading to the river. According to the communication company, there is an optical cable above the pipeline to ensure the Olympic Games, and people will be sent to measure the general orientation before construction can start after the Olympic Games. After the Olympic Games, according to the measured position, the safety of the optical cable was ensured and the task was successfully completed. However, a group of people followed, regardless of the willy-nilly, and began to dig with excavators. As a result, the optical cable was cut off; It is said that both the driver and the boss have been taken to the city. It can be seen that it is easy to cause great disaster without consulting before construction and taking reckless risks.
4) Grasp the weather changes and arrange related work in time; It is necessary to ensure the safe construction of the project. For example, in case of thunderstorm, the emergency plan of "flood control, lightning protection and electric shock prevention" should be started; Be prepared for emergencies.
4, familiar with the situation of workers, advance prevention, key supervision. In the past, when engaged in safety work in chemical enterprises, according to the cultural differences and characteristics of migrant workers, the training of fixed teaching materials, centralized personnel and unified time was changed. The safety training and education of migrant workers should focus on practical work, and adopt different ways according to the specific situation of migrant workers, so as to teach students in accordance with their aptitude and make up for the shortcomings, which will achieve twice the result with half the effort. However, follow-up inspection and key guidance are needed. Only in this way can we find the weak links of each student and supervise them in time; At the same time, take measures such as mentoring, mutual insurance responsibility for the elderly and new people; Through humanistic care, students' safety awareness and self-protection ability can be effectively improved. For example, a young employee who assists in measurement is mentally retarded and is listed as a key concern; Before the highway survey, it should be given separate safety training, such as vehicle injury prevention; At the same time, it is emphasized to other personnel involved in the operation: to protect his safety when crossing the road, don't let him work on the road, and remember the responsibility of joint insurance and mutual insurance. Due to the key monitoring and reasonable arrangement of work, the safety of this mentally retarded employee was ensured; And after long-term help, his safety quality has been greatly improved. This mentally retarded person especially envies the helmet with the sign of "safety supervision"; Every time he is assigned to a security (alert) job, he will be given a helmet marked "Safety Supervision", which makes him very happy and proud. I can do my duty every time. For example, if you put the hat of "safety supervision" on him and put him in charge of safety alert, no one will get along with the car, which is very hard. Arrange work according to people's needs, guide the situation and give full play to enthusiasm; Reasonable arrangement of work is also one of the important ways to reduce accidents.
In addition, according to the seasonal changes and the actual situation of the construction site, various forms of safety publicity and education activities and various drills of safety emergency plans are widely carried out. For example, in thunderstorm season, when the job site is in open space, high-voltage lines, minefields and other areas, it is necessary to carry out publicity and education on preventing "lightning strike" and "electric shock" and drill emergency plans such as "flood control, debris flow prevention, landslide prevention and collapse prevention"; It is also an effective way to improve employees' safety knowledge and skills.
5, in the road engineering construction, each type of work has safety technical disclosure content requirements; As long as the implementation of safety technical measures is carefully supervised, there will basically be no mistakes. However, the content of safety technical disclosure must conform to reality; This work must be undertaken by experienced technicians.
For dangerous operation projects, we should supervise and inspect them on the spot, and we must not slack off; A little carelessness may lead to an accident. For example, in the construction of an outsourcing project, an inverted rainbow drainage pipeline across the river was installed; Because the 6-meter-deep groove is filled with backfill soil by the approach road and soaked by the water at the bottom of the groove, it is easy to collapse; It is dangerous to build diversion wells; When heavy vehicles pass by, the subgrade will have obvious earthquake feeling, which will increase the risk of landslide. In view of the above dangerous situation, special safety construction measures were immediately formulated:
1) Find a concrete pipe with a diameter of 1.5m and a length of 2m, and chisel it to replace the lower part of diversion well to eliminate the danger of well construction;
2) Drain the accumulated water with a pump to reduce the soaking of the tank bottom;
3) When manually lowering the chute, there should be a special person to supervise it; And temporarily close the road to prohibit vehicles from passing.
4) Act decisively to minimize the time of dangerous operation and ensure the safety of operators;
5) After the operation, backfill immediately to reduce the risk of landslide.
When the diversion well was successfully replaced by the pipeline in accordance with the safety measures, I thought that there would be no problem in using mechanical backfill in the next step, so I left the site and returned to the office. Unexpectedly, the person in charge of construction saw that the drainage pipe head exposed in the well was longer than the actual one, so he asked the workers to tie the wire rope and drag it horizontally with an excavator. The road closure has been lifted and vehicles have begun to pass; At this time, a large-scale landslide suddenly occurred, and nearly 100 kilograms of kerb slipped from the head of the workers in the well, and the collapsed soil was buried in the thighs of the workers in the well; It is said that the people present at that time were so scared that they couldn't walk. Fortunately, the stone didn't fall into the well, otherwise the consequences would be unimaginable.
6. It is imperative to strengthen the safety supervision and inspection of special operations such as blasting and pipe jacking. Special operation projects are generally outsourced to construction teams with corresponding professional skills for construction; Although the "Responsibility Letter for Safety Production of Outsourcing Projects" has been signed, it cannot be managed, otherwise, once a major accident occurs, it will also bear legal responsibility. This requires our security personnel to constantly study and practice hard, improve their technical and professional level as soon as possible, especially enrich and improve their supervision and inspection skills for special operations. For example, in the construction of industrial sewage pipeline project of our bureau, the pipeline must be pushed across the highway; Moreover, we have no job qualifications and can only outsource. Because I am not familiar with the professional technology of pipe jacking, I ignore the supervision of pipe jacking operation; The problem was not discovered until cracks appeared on the pavement; After on-site inspection, there is a sand layer above the pipe jacking, which has collapsed in a large area; Almost caused a road collapse accident. So immediately organize semi-closed roads, and change pipe jacking to open excavation; Although there was no accident, the economic loss was not small.
7. In subgrade construction, man-machine mixed operation is quite frequent; At this time, it is necessary to strengthen publicity, education and inspection, and ask employees to achieve "safety in production, and the responsibility lies with me." As long as they are on the job for one minute, they must strictly abide by the safety regulations for 60 seconds; Prevent the occurrence of machinery and tool injury accidents. It is said that someone once fell asleep while resting under the roller of a road roller and was crushed to death while driving.
8, strengthen emergency drills, improve the emergency plan, improve the skills of dealing with emergencies. Through the drill, we found unreasonable and imperfect places in the plan, such as unreasonable deployment, communication and connection with external rescue, and so on. The biggest effect of the drill is that employees' understanding of safety in production has changed gratifying; Let employees understand that blind rescue is harmful, and only by obeying the rules and discipline can they ensure safety, which is also responsible for the unit and society.
9, the completed construction, but not yet acceptance of the project, also want to conduct safety inspection in a timely manner. After the completion of the main road project, its ancillary and supporting projects began construction; Sometimes, some wastes will stay on the road surface and damage the collection wells, drainage wells and kerbs. If it is not found and handled in time, it is easy to have traffic accidents. For example, before May Day, there were more than 30 hidden dangers (such as replacing bad kerbs, constructing redundant sand and gravel, damaging drainage wells, and ponding manhole covers). ) was found in the walking safety inspection of a section of road more than 20 kilometers. Most of these hidden dangers were left over by the outsourcing construction team, whose construction team had all been evacuated at that time. I have to arrange someone to deal with these unsafe hidden dangers.
Therefore, the safety and civilized construction of the outsourcing construction team should also be strengthened. A slight negligence may lead to an accident.
10, construction safety management is dynamic management, and scientific management methods such as PDCA circulation management should be used to monitor the whole construction process; We should constantly explore new laws, sum up control methods and experiences, and guide the management after the new changes; So as to continuously improve the level of safety management and ensure the realization of the goal of safe production. For example:
1) Grasp the "Twelve Points" in power consumption for construction:
Installation standard; Demolition should be thorough; Regular inspection; Repair should be timely;
Reasonable setting; Management should be centralized; Be professional; This disease should be eradicated;
Measures should be specific; The main points should be clear; Responsibility should be borne by people; Safe use.
2) Hoisting "Safety Supervision Points":
Rope selection coefficient; Confirm the rope quality; Bolt hanging method; Angle protection;
Security of the restricted area; Command signal; Safety station; Division refers to coordination;
Working environment; Night lighting; Safety device; Special hoisting measures.
3) "Ten Grasps and Ten Promotions" in safety work:
Grasping standards and promoting management; Grasping inspection and promoting leadership;
Pay attention to publicity and promote education; Grasping hidden dangers and promoting rectification;
Grasp the typical and promote the leap; Grasp measures to promote implementation;
Grasp implementation and promote implementation; Grasp the data and promote the work;
Pay attention to evaluation and promote improvement; Grasp scientific management and accelerate the pace.
Five, the current problems and countermeasures of grass-roots public security.
Six, to sum up, this is just a microcosm of the grass-roots safety production management practice; China's grass-roots security management is still very fragile; The content stated in this paper is still far from perfect, and some suggestions and ideas are only personal opinions and may not be applicable. I hope that the majority of grass-roots safety workers have the courage to pick up the pen and reflect the experience, problems and shortcomings in grass-roots safety management; Learn from each other, learn from each other's strengths, and make suggestions for doing a good job in grassroots safety management; Provide a basis for national decision-making bodies; Make due contributions to completely change the top-heavy situation of safety production in China!
Completed on June 5438+1October 365438+1October 18:55:22, 2009.
Revised draft on May 20, 2009