In ancient China, boats were the main modes of transportation in the south and horses in the north.
The reason is that the climate in the south is humid, the precipitation is abundant, and the surface river network is densely covered, so the ship transportation adapted to the "water town" came into being. In the north, however, the climate is arid and semi-arid, grasslands are widely distributed and animal husbandry is developed. In addition to providing milk and meat products, horses have been domesticated as vehicles by the people in the north and become vehicles on the land in the north because of their good endurance and high speed.
The eating habits in the south and the north of China are different. Southerners like to eat rice, while northerners like to eat pasta, which is actually related to the different agricultural production structures between the north and the south.
The climate in southern China is hot and rainy, and most of the cultivated land is paddy fields. Local farmers plant rice with high temperature and rainy growth habits according to local conditions. However, there is less precipitation and lower temperature in northern China, and most of the cultivated land is dry land, which is suitable for the growth of drought-resistant and cold-resistant wheat.
The so-called "eat what you plant", in the long run, will develop the eating habits of the north and the south. South is short and north is high: In terms of demographic characteristics, people in the south of China are short and people in the north are tall.
According to statistics, the average height of men in Northeast China and North China is1.693m, and that in Yunguichuan is1.647m.. Judging from the temperature difference between the north and the south, most of them are short because of the hot climate in the south, rapid human metabolism, rapid development of reproductive organs, early maturity and short life cycle.
Because of the cold climate in the north, the activity of enzymes in the body is affected, the metabolism is slow and the life cycle is long; Coupled with the long and cold winter in the north, people have less outdoor activities and more nutrients accumulated in their bodies, so they grow taller and bigger. South is light and north is heavy: influenced by resources and location, China's industrial layout has the regional characteristics of light in the south and heavy in the north, that is, heavy industry in the north is dominant and light industry in the south is relatively developed.
The main reason for this phenomenon is that the northern part of China is rich in mineral resources such as coal, oil and iron ore, thus gradually forming an industrial structure dominated by heavy industries such as mining, metallurgy and machinery manufacturing. However, the southeast coastal areas are poor in resources, but have convenient transportation and strong capital and technical strength, so they develop their strengths and avoid weaknesses and develop industrial types with less consumption of raw materials and fuel, so light industry is relatively developed.
Politics from the south to the north: Generally speaking, China has active military and political activities in the north and developed economy and culture in the south. The north has always been the political center of our country, with Qin, Han and Tang as capitals, Chang 'an (Jin 'an), Yuan, Ming and Qing as capitals, and Beijing as the capital of China people after the founding of New China, which further confirmed the political status of the north in the whole country.
In modern times, western science and culture were first introduced from the southeast coast of China, which promoted the rapid development of the southern economy and strengthened its economic and cultural advantages. Therefore, these two sentences "officials in the north and businessmen in the south" can better reflect the different political and economic mentality between the north and the south.
The regional differences of Chinese are manifested in the complexity of the southern language and the singleness of the northern language. Most of the northern part of China belongs to the northern dialect area, and the straight-line distance from Harbin to Kunming is more than 3,000 kilometers. Although there are differences in languages between the two places, there is not much obstacle to communication.
Even in the same dialect area, such as Fujian dialect area, the south is divided into Fuzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Putian dialect and Minxi dialect, which are very different from each other and even incomprehensible. The formation of these languages is related to the geographical environment.
One is that there are many flat plateaus and plains in the north of China, with convenient transportation and many opportunities for communication and integration between people, so there is little difference in language. Second, there are many hills and mountains in the south, with rugged terrain and blocked traffic, which is not conducive to people's communication. Over time, a "local dialect" with local characteristics has been formed.
North and South Pingbei Peiping: The slope of China residents' roofs gradually slows down from south to north. The roof in the south is high and pointed, because the annual precipitation in the south is large and the climate is hot. A high and pointed roof is not only conducive to drainage, but also conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation.
Because there is less precipitation in the north, the roof is more flat, which can not only save building materials, but also be used as a place to dry crops. In addition, the garden buildings in the south of China are light and slender, beautifully carved, with coherent internal and external spaces and distinct levels, and Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden is its typical representative.
The garden buildings in the north are gentle and rigorous, thick and simple, with clear boundaries between internal and external spaces. Chen Congzhou, a famous landscape architect in China, concluded: "The south is a shed with many exits.
There is a nest in the north, which is relatively closed. "It can be seen that from the perspective of adapting to the environment and living comfort, southern buildings pay attention to typhoon heat dissipation, while northern buildings are conducive to thermal insulation.
Drought in the north and waterlogging in the south: China belongs to the East Asian monsoon climate, and the annual precipitation decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. In the south, not only the rainy season lasts for a long time, but also floods often occur because of the concentrated precipitation in summer and autumn.
However, the precipitation in North China and Northwest China is relatively low, coupled with excessive reclamation and grazing, and the ability of water storage and drought resistance is poor, so it faces a serious "water shortage", which affects the production and life of local people. Therefore, the Party Central Committee implemented the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to adjust the spatial distribution contradiction of water resources in China, which can not only alleviate the water shortage problem in the south, but also solve the water crisis in the north.
In addition, there are other words to describe the regional cultural differences between the north and the south, such as South Boxing and North Push, South Strengthening and North Transfer, South Soft and North Port, South Sky and North Present, and so on. In short, the differences between North and South are manifested in various aspects and the causes are also very complicated. Among them, geographical factors are an important reason that cannot be ignored.
Step 2: geographical tips
1、
Beijing is the political and cultural center of the whole country, and also the center of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the seat of the NPC Standing Committee, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.
2. The topographical feature of Beijing is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the rivers flow from northwest to southeast to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
The urban pattern of the Forbidden City in Beijing is "_ _ _ _ _ _", which is the representative work of the planning and construction of China's historical capitals.
3、
There are countless places of interest in Beijing, such as the Great Wall, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and so on.
4、
In order to enhance international competitiveness and service functions, on the one hand, Beijing has stepped up infrastructure construction, planned and built key functional areas including the Central Business District and the International Media Avenue, as well as urban rapid rail transit and expressway; On the other hand, actively develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ industries, improve the efficiency of urban management and service quality, and build _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5、
Hong Kong consists of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, Kowloon Peninsula, New Territories and more than 200 surrounding islands, while Macao consists of Macau Peninsula, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and Coloane Island. Hong Kong and Macao are among the regions with the highest population density in the world.
6、
Hongkong and Macau are two special administrative regions of China. China * * * formulated the policy of "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _", and Chinese mainland implemented the policy of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
7、
Hong Kong has a large population and a small population. God—
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, "Go to sea"-
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has become two important ways for Hong Kong to expand urban construction land.
8、
The tertiary industry in Hong Kong and Macao is very developed. Hong Kong is an international trade center, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is an important pillar industry for Macao's economic development.
9、
For a long time, Hong Kong and Macau have maintained close economic ties with the mainland of China, among which Hong Kong is the most obvious. Mainland China is rich in natural resources and low-cost labor resources, while Hong Kong is rich in _ _ _ _ _ and management experience. The economic cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland of China is complementary and mutually beneficial.
10, entrepot trade refers to a form of trade in which goods purchased from one country are not sold locally, but directly sold to other countries. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 1, Taiwan Province province includes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and many small islands such as the nearby Penghu Islands and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Taiwan Province Island is the largest island in China, bordering on _ _ _ _ _ in the north.
3. Know little about geography
Geographical knowledge 1. Phenomena directly caused by solar activity (aurora) II. 9. 1 1 event in new york (West Fifth District) of the United States occurred around 9: 00 am, and the time in Beijing (East Eighth District) was (9. 165438).
3. Guilin landscape is (formed by external forces), and (Mount Fuji, Mount Tai, the Great Rift Valley in East Africa) is internal forces. 4. There are typhoons in the Pacific Ocean in summer and autumn, and the precipitation types in eastern China in summer and autumn are mostly frontal rain. 5. (Ocean current) affects ocean transportation. 6. (Squirrel, black bear) is a typical animal in temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest belt.
7. The characteristics of confined water are (good water quality, not easy to be polluted). At present, the five major energy consumption in the world are: (oil, coal, natural gas, water and nuclear energy). 9. The order of the three major varieties of grain production in the world is (wheat, rice and corn) 10. The four largest grain-producing countries in the world are (China, America, India and Russia) 1 1. The basic celestial body is (nebula, star) 12. The main air pollutant causing acid rain is (sulfur dioxide) 13. Most of the grasslands in China are distributed in 14 (plateaus and mountains in non-monsoon areas). The non-zonal difference of geographical environment is (land-sea distribution difference) 15. The largest landlocked country in the world is (Kazakhstan) 6544. 438+07. World Trade Organization (China and Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province provinces of China are members of this organization) 18. The Eurasian Continental Bridge starts from Lianyungang and passes through provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang) 19. The main distribution areas of coal in China (Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and Guizhou) 20.
4. Interesting geographical knowledge
Let me ask you a geographically interesting question (which is also a knowledge point): An adventurer walked10km south from a certain place, then10km east, then10km north, and returned to the starting point. At this moment, he met a bear. What color is this bear? Knowledge point: the starting point of adventurers is the North Pole (so this bear is a polar bear, white).
Starting from the pole, no matter which direction you go, you can return to the original point by turning 90 degrees twice. This is a special point.
Standing at the pole, no matter where you face, it is due south! Is that enough? Or you can change the date to someone who lives online, one is yesterday and the other is today. Or the building on the equator, the bedroom is in the northern hemisphere and the study is in the southern hemisphere! Aren't these all geographical knowledge? If you want something interesting, I'll give you an example.
Otherwise, you can introduce the diurnal variation line or pole, and talk about their differences, strange phenomena and so on.
5. (urgent) geographical knowledge,,, short,, interesting
The northern hemisphere is in the north, the southern hemisphere is in the south, the eastern hemisphere is in the east, and Kiribati, a country in the western hemisphere, is in the west.
The temperature of lightning is several times that of the sun.
A beam of lightning falling to the ground carries 654.38 billion to 654.38 billion volts of electricity, and the temperature can reach 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which is three to four times the surface temperature of the sun.
second floor
The salt in the ocean is enough to make the land150m higher.
Ninth floor
In fact, the astronauts in orbit have been in a descending state, and gravity is equivalent to acceleration. There is no completely weightless area in space, just like there is no absolute vacuum in space, because the universe is full of many free atoms and particles.
If a dime-sized neutron star fragment falls to the ground, its weight will suddenly rise to 654.38 billion tons!
Gulliver's Travels, a novel written by jonathan swift in 1726, describes the size and rotation speed of two moons of Mars-Phobos and Phobos. 100 years later, scientists found that this plot was consistent with the facts.
The last "frog rain" appeared in Serbia in 2005, and London also encountered the same "frog rain" in 1998; In 2006, Yu Yu performed in India, and in 2004, Welsh also experienced a wonderful scene of "swimming in the rain".
You can spend 24 new years.
6. Explain the geographical phenomena or things in 30 tours with geographical knowledge.
1. Wear fur coat in the morning, gauze in the afternoon and eat watermelon around the stove-Xinjiang.
There is more sand and less water in desert area, but the specific heat capacity of sand is small, so the temperature difference between day and night is large.
There is no heat preservation in desert areas, so it is very cold in the morning because there is no heat preservation.
After the sun rises, the sand is very hot, and the temperature difference between morning and evening can reach more than 30 degrees. In the afternoon, the sun went down and the temperature dropped rapidly. That's why this phenomenon has formed.
Therefore, there will be a phenomenon of wearing a fur coat early in the morning, wearing gauze at noon and eating watermelon around the stove.
2. Extreme days in polar regions and long days and short nights in summer.
The reason why the earth revolves and rotates should be simple.
It's nice to enjoy the cool under the big tree.
Green space can reduce the temperature of the environment because the crown of garden plants in green space can reflect part of the heat energy brought by solar radiation (about 20-50%), and more importantly, garden plants in green space can absorb radiation through transpiration (35-75%, and the rest 5-40%).
Through the blade), it absorbs a lot of heat energy in the environment, reduces the temperature of the environment, and releases a lot of water at the same time, increasing the humidity of the ambient air (18-25%). For Beijing, which is hot and dry in summer, this function of green space can greatly increase the comfort of people's lives.
4. Looking at the sea on the beach, the sea is round. . . . I don't need to elaborate on this, do I?
. . Emma is too old for 30. Let me think about it.
7. Seeking a little knowledge of geography is simple.
The shape and size of the earth The earth is an irregular sphere with slightly flattened poles, with an average diameter of 63,765,438+0 meters.
2. Latitude and Latitude On the globe, the area around the globe in the east-west direction is called latitude. All latitudes are circles, which can be called latitude circles; The length of latitude circle is long and short, the equator is the longest, it gradually shortens to the poles and finally becomes a point. The latitude represents the east and west directions.
The equator is the longest latitude, about 40 thousand kilometers long. It is equal to the distance between the two poles and divides the earth into two hemispheres. The equator is zero latitude on the earth. The latitude north of the equator is called north latitude, and it is customary to use "n" as the code name; The latitude south of the equator, called south latitude, is customarily represented by "S".
3. Meridian and Longitude On the globe, the line connecting the north and south poles and the latitude perpendicular to each other is called meridian, also called whistle meridian. All meridians are semicircular; They are all of the same length, indicating the north-south direction.
The zero meridian on the earth is called the prime meridian. From the prime meridian to the east and west, it is divided into 1800, and 1800 in the east belongs to east longitude. It is customary to use "e" as the code name, and 1800 in the west belongs to the west longitude. It is customary to use "W" as the code name.
It is customary in the world to use warp circles of 200W and 1600E as the dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres.
4. the rotation of the earth and the alternation of day and night. the earth keeps rotating around the earth axis. This is called the earth's rotation, and the direction of the earth's rotation is from west to east. It takes about 24 hours to turn around, which is one day. In this way, the phenomenon of alternating day and night is produced.
5. The revolution of the earth and seasonal changes The earth revolves around the sun while rotating. The direction of the earth's revolution is also from west to east, and the time of revolution is one year. The orbital plane always keeps an angle of 66.5 with the earth axis. Because of the revolution of the earth, there are seasonal changes.
The division of six or five zones The tropics lie between the Tropic of Cancer, and there is direct sunlight in a year. The ground gets the most sunlight and heat, and the climate is hot all year round. The Tropic of Cancer is the dividing line between tropical and temperate zones.
The southern cold region is located in the area north of the Arctic Circle and south of the southern magnetosphere, with extreme day and night. The polar circle is the dividing line between the southern cold zone and the temperate zone. In temperate regions between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle, and between the Tropic of Cancer and the South Magnetosphere, there are no extreme days and nights in a year, and the solar light and heat obtained on the ground are less than those in tropical regions and more than those in southern cold regions, and the climate changes obviously in four seasons.
7. Scale, legend and notes of the three elements of the map. The smaller the area drawn on the map, the more detailed the content to be represented and the larger the scale to be selected; On the contrary, the smaller the scale. On the map, it is generally "up north and down south, left west and right east"
8. What are the common physical and geographical phenomena in life?
The common physical and geographical phenomena in life are as follows: 1. Precipitation refers to the phenomenon that water vapor in the air condenses and falls to the surface, including two parts. One is that the water vapor in the atmosphere condenses directly on the ground or the surface of ground objects and at low altitude, such as frost, dew, fog and fog, which is also called horizontal precipitation; The other part is water vapor condensate falling from the air to the ground, such as rain, snow, hail, rain, etc., also called vertical precipitation.
However, pure frost, pure dew, pure fog and pure fog are not treated as precipitation. 2. Typhoon Typhoon is a classification of tropical cyclones in Asia-Pacific countries or regions located north of the equator and west of international date line.
Meteorology, according to the definition of the World Meteorological Organization, the sustained wind speed at the center of a tropical cyclone reaches 12 (that is, more than 64 knots, more than 32.7 meters per second, or more than 1 18 kilometers per hour), which is called a hurricane or other similar words. The synonym used in the Pacific Northwest is typhoon.
3. Tornado Tornado is a vertical hollow rotating airflow between the bottom of the vertical cloud system and the underlying surface, which is a disastrous weather phenomenon at local scale. Tornadoes can be found in tropical and temperate regions, including the interior of the United States, western Australia, and the northeastern part of the Indian Peninsula. The common occurrence time is spring and summer.
Tornado conditions include wind shear near the ground and significant vertical motion/unstable energy. Thunderstorm is an ideal environment that can meet the above conditions, and it is also the main cause of tornado. Among them, the tornado caused by supercell is called supercell tornado, and other cases are called non-supercell tornado. The intensity and scale of supercell tornadoes are usually greater than those of non-supercell tornadoes.
4. Sandstorm Sandstorm is the general name of sandstorm and sandstorm, and it is a sign of desertification. It refers to a disastrous weather phenomenon that strong winds roll up a lot of dust on the ground, making the horizontal visibility less than 1 km. It has the characteristics of suddenness and short duration, low probability and great harm.
Among them, sandstorm refers to a sand-laden storm formed by strong wind blowing a large amount of sand near the stratum; Sandstorm is a storm formed by strong winds, which brings a lot of dust and other particles into the sky. 5. Shuang Shuang is a white ice crystal formed when the air near the ground is cooled to below the frost point by radiation from the ground and condenses on the ground or objects.
Frost is a weather phenomenon, which belongs to ground meteorological observation in China. Scientifically speaking, frost is made up of ice crystals, similar to dew. When the relative humidity in the air reaches 100%, water is separated from the air.