In the autumn of the 20th year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered Hanzhong and entered Nanzheng, the capital of Hanzhong. Zhang Lu, a warlord in Hanzhong, wanted to surrender, but his subordinates Zhang Wei and others disagreed and resisted for a while. Seeing that Cao Jun captured Yangpingguan and directed at Nanzheng, Zhang Lu's men wanted to burn down the warehouse and then fled to Bazhong. Zhang Lu disagreed, saying, "My original intention is to surrender to the Central Committee. I left Hanzhong now to avoid the fire, and I meant no harm. All the collections in the warehouse belong to the state. Should not be destroyed. " Order all warehouses to be sealed off. Cao Cao entered Nanzheng and praised Zhang Lu's attitude very much. He sent someone to comfort Zhang Lu, who pulled her family to her side. Cao Cao named him General Zhennan, Langzhonghou and Yi Hu. Very favorable treatment. Hanzhong was pacified by Cao Cao.
Cao Jun was lucky to pacify Hanzhong. Zhang is in Yangpingguan, because the mountain is dangerous, he can't enter. I used to hear that Zhang Lujun was easy to fight. After seeing the terrain, I sighed and said, "You can't take what others say about Cao Cao seriously." I attacked several times, but it didn't work. I plan to withdraw my troops. Send Xiahou? ⑿ Dan Ye Hu? ソソソソソソソソソソソソソソソソ Oh, leave? You Wei? Unforgettable excellent forgiveness 2? Did you say apricot? What's the matter with you? Yanji's boat? Γ? I'm sorry! Beryllium Fang * * * suddenly had a cow? Mei Jiaofei Xi? Do you think this is a good idea? Good things, Cao Cao naturally rejoiced. This battle is basically equal to taking Hanzhong easily without bloodshed. Cao Jun's morale is high, and everyone says, "God help us!"
In this way, Cao Cao suddenly had a good opportunity. Hanzhong is the gateway to Yizhou, which is now in Cao Cao's hands. Liu Bei's benefit is equal to Enemy at the Gates, and an opportunity that is a crisis for Liu Bei Group and a good thing for Cao Cao's regime is in front of Cao Cao. Move on and attack Yizhou; It is better to accept and digest the results when it is good. It depends on Cao Cao's decision.
This year, a generation of heroes Cao Cao was sixty-two years old and gradually became depressed. Before Yangpingguan, I saw that Zhang was guarding the danger and was not easy to attack. I tried several times and lost a lot. I felt very depressed and planned to quit. I lost a lot of hard work and struggle when I was young. As the old saying goes, after 50 years old, you are weak in energy and courage. I still don't forgive this time. It is equally embarrassing for a hero to be late.
A year ago, Liu Bei won Yizhou. It turned out that Liu Zhang, an animal husbandry in Yizhou, asked Liu Bei to enter Sichuan to help deal with Zhang Lu. Liu Bei took the opportunity to spread the kindness of trees and gather people's hearts, and finally squeezed out Liu Zhang and took surprisingly. Although the law of the jungle is an iron law in troubled times. Liu Bei's practice is always a bit deviant. You are invited to guard against theft at home. You occupied the master's house! Therefore, although Yizhou people understand that Liu Bei and Liu Zhang will better govern Yizhou, there is always dissatisfaction among people.
2. Will you fight or not?
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei borrowed from Sun Quan Jingzhou Nanjun and other places to settle the army. Considering that the allies would grow up to deal with Cao Cao, Sun Quan agreed to Liu Bei. Liu Bei won Yizhou, and Sun Quan sent for Jingzhou counties. Liu Bei said, wait until I win Liangzhou. Sun Quan was furious: "This old prick is still playing me!" Monroe was ordered to lead an army to capture Changsha, Guiyang and Lingling counties. Lv Meng issued an ultimatum to the three counties, and Changsha and Guiyang surrendered. Hope, the satrap of Lingling, held on. Liu Bei personally rushed to the police from Shu and sent Guan Yu to Yiyang to fight for the three counties. Lv Meng sent Hou Bo's old friend Deng Xuanzhi to cheat him, saying that Liu Bei was trapped by Xia in Hanzhong and Guan Yu was forced by Sun Quan in Nanjun. I can't look after myself. I can't take care of your work. Your wish to be a loyal martyr depends on the opportunity. What's the point of killing old mother now? Hao was frightened and surrendered. As soon as Lv Meng entered the city, he told him the situation with a smile. Hope was so ashamed that he almost got into the ground. Now there are all three counties in Sun Wu. At the same time, the news that Cao Cao captured Hanzhong came, and Liu Bei dared not fight on both sides again. This just takes Jingzhou as the boundary with Xiangjiang River, which belongs to Wu in the east and Shu in the west. Liu hurried back to Yizhou to prepare for Cao Cao.
Sima Yi, Cao Jun's aide, suggested: "Liu Bei used deception to gain Yizhou. People are not attached, but go to the police for Jingzhou. This opportunity can't be missed. Our army won Hanzhong, and its morale is booming. Take advantage of the trend and push Yizhou. The enemy will fall apart and can annex Yizhou in one fell swoop. " Cao Cao sighed, "If people suffer short, they will grow long, and then look back at Shu."
In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, also said this sentence when he learned that his subordinates had conquered Hanzhong and other places. It means that men should make persistent efforts to conquer Shu. Cao Cao is an old saying at this time. He is short of people. He just got to Hanzhong and wanted Yizhou again. It means to back down. Lao Cao feels tired.
Ye Liu, another senior consultant, also said: "Liu Bei is a hero of the people. He hasn't occupied Shu for a long time, and his prestige still can't hold people's hearts. Now our army has taken Hanzhong, Yizhou is shaken, people are in panic, and there is chaos without fighting. With Cao Gong's wisdom, he followed the trend and was invincible. If we slow down the enemy. Zhuge Liang is an expert in governing the country and acts as prime minister; Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are generals of the three armed forces. When the Shu people settle down and the enemy sticks to the danger, it will be too late. " Cao Cao still did not send troops.
Seven days later, people who returned to Sichuan said, "Sichuan soldiers and civilians are scared every day. Even if the general kills the soldiers, he can't settle down. " Cao Cao asked Ye Liu, are you here now? Ye Liu said: "The enemy has settled down a little, so there is no need to fight." So Cao Cao left Xia, He and Zhang? Wait for the generals to hold Hanzhong and retreat. The once-in-a-lifetime waiting opportunity has been missed.
3. Circuit diagram
Since ancient times, the conquest from north to south has unified the whole country, basically two lines. First, after the reunification of the North, crossing the river destroyed the south of the Yangtze River, like Emperor Wendi attacking Chen Nan. Second, if crossing the river is blocked, it is necessary to make a detour, take the Sichuan area and swim upstream from the Yangtze River to the south of the Yangtze River. Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, finally unified the whole country, which was the way to go.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao attacked Jingzhou, and Jingzhou Liu Congju surrendered. Cao Cao chased Liu Bei in Dangyang again, and Liu Bei's wife and children were separated in the first world war in Changbanpo. Zhuge Liang later said that Cao Cao clapped his hands at this time and the world was settled. This is Cao Cao's first chance to unify the world. Later, everyone in the world knew that Cao was burned back to Jiangbei in Chibi, and the first action to unify the world was frustrated.
In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao commanded the last successful World War I, defeated the allied forces headed by Ma Chao in Guanzhong, and eliminated the unstable factors in the north of Cao Wei in one fell swoop. Northwest China is also under the rule of the central government. Then win Hanzhong, a military town and a battleground for military strategists. The mainland traffic line has been fully opened. Cao Cao's SHEN WOO was wise, but he didn't seize the opportunity to invade Yizhou and missed the opportunity. The historical moment of Cao Cao's second reunification of China was once again lost.
After that, Cao Cao personally commanded two battles, and once conquered Sun Quan who resisted him in Ruzhou. Still can't cross the Yangtze River. I just said, "An adopted son should be like Sun Zhongmou" and went home. The last battle was in Hanzhong. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei counterattacked Hanzhong and killed Xia, the commander-in-chief of Northwest Jun. The situation was extremely critical. Cao Cao had to personally levy in Hanzhong, fought for several months and retired. Hanzhong was occupied by Liu Bei. Cao Cao paid little attention to these two wars, like going through the motions. He came and went in a hurry.
Ten years ago, Cao Cao was fifty-two, pacifying Hebei and defeating Wuwan. He wrote an ancient masterpiece "Although the tortoise lives long", in which "the old horse lurks and aims at a thousand miles. In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " These inspiring poems. Become an endless spiritual motivation for future generations to work hard. At the last moment, why didn't Cao Hero achieve anything this time?
The main reason is that Cao Cao has to arrange his own affairs. Twenty years after Jian 'an, Cao Cao has been promoted to the Duke of Wei, and it is only a matter of time before Wei perished in the Han Dynasty. The smooth transfer of power is the first major event before Cao Cao. Only when internal stability is achieved can we use foreign troops to expand our territory. Perhaps this is the real problem that Cao Cao is unwilling to expand the war?
4. Successor
At this time, Chu Jun, the prince of Cao Wei, has not yet been decided. The most promising men are Cao Pi and Cao Zhi. Cao Cao's eldest son, Cao Ang, died young. Xelloss is the eldest son and should be the heir. But Cao Zhi's literary talent is flying, and he is a natural genius. Articles written at an early age are superb. Cao Cao was surprised and asked, "Did you ask the gunman to write this article?" Cao Zhi said, I can write whatever I want. What shooter should I use? With Cao Cao's writing level, I still sit up and take notice of Cao Zhi, let alone others? Later generations praised Cao Zhi, saying that there is only one talent in the world and Cao Zijian has eight fights. At this level, one person can't compare with others in the world. Cao Pi's literary talent is also good, but compared with Cao Zhi, it is a weakness. Perhaps when Cao's adult praised Sun Quan's "godson's behavior", he also thought of his heir in his mind.
Therefore, Cao Cao wavered between his two sons when choosing his successor. Even a little biased towards Cao Zhi. The two brothers also joined a group of people to form their own team, in order to actively operate in the upper level. The competition for storage space has begun. Cao Cao's urgent task is to establish an heir and stabilize the Cao Wei.
Cao Cao fully consulted many veteran ministers. Many weighty people are still praising the establishment of the eldest son Cao Pi. Jia Xu, the old fox, only reminded me: "Think of Yuan Shao and Liu Biao." The two princes of Cao Cao's contemporaries, because of the infighting caused by abandoning the long and the young, their families were destroyed. Cao Cao attached great importance to the opinions of these ministers. Cao Pi is good at using power, hiding the truth and pretending to be good children. Cao Zhi does things spontaneously, and his words and deeds are undisguised. Comparatively speaking, the courtiers and people in Cao Cao's palace spoke very well of Cao Pi. In the winter of Jian 'an twenty-two years, Cao Cao, who had always been superior to Wang Wei, finally made xelloss Wang Wei. The successor problem finally settled, and the flowers fell to Cao Pi's family.
On the issue of successors, Cao Cao still handled affairs neatly and without mercy. For Cui Yan and Mao, who are too impulsive in the reserve? These two upright and just figures, one died and the other was deposed. He also suppressed Cao Zhi's team, killed Yang Xiu, Cao Zhi's brain trust, and killed Cui Shi, Cao Zhi's wife, in a naked way. Gave Cao a hard knock. All this is for Cao Pi's succession after his death.
In order to successfully hand over the Cao family's great country to the next generation, Cao Cao had to give up the opportunity to attack Yizhou directly from Hanzhong. Focus on consolidating the status of Cao Wei family, the most important thing. This may be the result that people need to choose when they reach a certain age.
Official team work of the History Museum: Mi Liu Qi