About the details of Cao Xueqin, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
First, Cao Xueqin's poems
Fu, Flower Fu, Chrysanthemum Fu, Couplet in Ning Mansion, Xijiang Moon, Twelve Women in Jinling-Chai, Dai, Apricot Curtain in Sight, Fantasy Couplet, Good Ode and Song of a Dream of Red Mansions-stay here.
Second, the character evaluation
Zhou: Cao Xueqin's life is extraordinary, bumpy and brilliant. He is likable, admired, admired, and greatly misunderstood and vilified by the secular. He has the philosophical thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, the indignation of Qu Yuan, the historical talents of Sima Qian, the painting skills and infatuation of Gu Kaizhi, the romantic talents of Li Yishan and Du Mu, and the musical and dramatic talents of Li Guinian and Huang Chuo. He has a life experience of dignity, honor and disgrace, ups and downs, ups and downs, separation, joys and sorrows, and a wonderful brilliance of the integration of various cultural characteristics of Manchu, Jiangnan and Jiangbei. So I say he is the representative image of China culture.
Hu Deping: The British say they would rather lose the British Isles than lose Shakespeare. Like Shakespeare and Cervantes, Cao Xueqin used the torch of literature to give people true feelings, warmth and courage to bid farewell to the old system.
Cai Yijiang: Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest writers in China. His position and achievements in the history of world literature are no less than those of Shakespeare, Goethe, Balzac, Pushkin and Tolstoy.
Zhang Qingshan: Cao Xueqin is the greatest writer in China. He deserves to be remembered and commemorated by the people of China. Because he is the author of A Dream of Red Mansions and a symbol of China's national culture. Because of Cao Xueqin and A Dream of Red Mansions, China people are not embarrassed in the face of world literary giants such as Shakespeare, Balzac, Pushkin and Tolstoy. Because Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, with its profound thought, exquisite art and eternal charm, can be compared with any literary classic in the world, and it will always stand on the giant wooden hornet of world literature, which is the pride of the Chinese nation.
Iii. Introduction
Cao Xueqin (about 17 15 or1725-about 1763 or 1764), male, was a great novelist in Qing Dynasty. Its name is Zhan (rain prefix), word and learning piano, so it is also called Qin Pu and laity. The author of China's famous novel A Dream of Red Mansions.
Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao was appointed as Jiangning Weaving; Great-grandmother Sun Shi was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi Michelle Ye. Grandfather Cao Yin was the squad leader and bodyguard of Emperor Kangxi. Later, he was appointed as Jiangning Weaving, and concurrently served as the inspector of salt affairs in two Huai Dynasties, which won the favor of Kangxi. Kangxi visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, four of which were taken back by Cao Yin and lived in Cao Jia. He died in 17 12 (fifty-one year of Kangxi), and his son Cao and his successor Cao successively succeeded Jiangning Weaving. Their three generations and four grandchildren have held this position for 60 years.
Cao Xueqin grew up in this "romantic place near Qinhuai", a "prosperous and splendid" hometown, and lived a rich and luxurious life in his youth. In the early years of Yongzheng, the Cao family suffered a series of blows because of the intervention of political struggles within the feudal ruling class. Cao was dismissed from his post and his property was confiscated for "disorderly conduct", "obstruction of official duties" and "deficit". Cao _ was imprisoned and punished for more than a year. At this time, Cao Xueqin's family moved back to Beijing. Since then, the Cao family has been devastated and declining. After a major turning point in his life, Cao Xueqin felt that the world was cold and had a clearer and deeper understanding of feudal society. He despised powerful people, stayed away from officialdom and lived a poor and hard life.
In his later years, Cao Xueqin moved to the western suburbs of Beijing. Life is even poorer, "covered with wormwood" and "the whole family often drinks porridge on credit". He devoted himself to the writing and revision of A Dream of Red Mansions. 1762 (twenty-seven years of Qianlong), his youngest son died early, and he fell into excessive sadness and grief and was bedridden. On New Year's Eve of this year (twenty-seven years of Qianlong 1762, twenty-eight years of Qianlong 1763), he finally died of poverty due to illness. There are other accounts about the year of Cao Xueqin's death, such as New Year's Eve in the 29th year of Qianlong (1764 February 1) and early spring in Shen Jia (1764).
According to Yu Rui's "Jujube Window Idle Pen", Cao Xueqin is "fat with a wide head and black color". He is arrogant, cynical and unrestrained. Alcoholic, talented and talkative. Cao Xueqin is a poet. His poems are novel in conception and close in style to Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. His friend Duncheng once praised him and said, "Love your poem is wonderful, and you can catch up with the long valley broken fence fan." He added, "I know that your poems are as bold as iron and as cold as the Taoist camp." Apart from the poems in A Dream of Red Mansions, there are only two lines in his poems. Duncheng's Pipa Trip: "Bai Fu's poems should be very happy, and he will teach savage ghosts to put on airs." Cao Xueqin is also a painter and likes to paint abrupt and steep stones. Dunmin's "Painting Stone in Qinyuan" said: "Proud as a strange monarch, more jagged. Drunk as a pen swept away. Write a thunder in your chest. " It can be seen that when he painted stones, he put his chest on the grievances.
Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution lies in his novel creation. The novel is large in scale, rigorous in structure, complex in plot and vivid in description, and has shaped many typical artistic images of characters, which is called the peak of China's ancient novels. It occupies a very important position in the history of literary development.
A Dream of Red Mansions is the product of his "reading for ten years, adding and deleting five times" and "every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary". Unfortunately, before his death, the whole book had not been written (some people thought it had been written, but the content was lost after 80 years). A Dream of Red Mansions 120, most of which were written by him, and the last 40 were continued by Gao E.
It is said that three days after Cao Xueqin was born, it was a long drought. His father Cao _ was very happy, so he named him "Zhan", which was taken from the Book of Songs. "I am excellent and full, and I have a hundred valleys." It means that it rains in Mao Mao, with abundant water, which moistens the earth, irrigates all directions and makes our crops flourish. It is related to "a long drought meets sweet rain". The word "Zhan" can also be associated with "Shi James J.S.Wong's kindness", which means to thank the emperor.
The word "snow Qin" comes from Su Shi's poem: "Mud Qin has a long root and is alone in one inch; When the snow celery moves, the spring pigeons will wither, indicating that the roots of the celery remain in the soil, only more than an inch long. When will it sprout and grow in this snow? Wait until spring comes before you can fry the turtledove meat! Moreover, he himself noted: "Shuba Qin Gui Bud, miscellaneous pigeon meat also. "Although the mud of mud celery is dirty, its' snow celery' does not stick to the mud. Su Dongpo often compares himself with Qin. The "snow" in Dongpo brothers' poems is mostly white, which has a protective effect. So Cao Xueqin changed her name to "Xueqin". This is the origin of the name Cao Xueqin, a great master of world literature.
Fourth, the story of iron
Noble medical ethics According to Mr. Kong Xiangze, when he went to Baijiatuan with Mr. Wu Enyu in the early 1970s, he heard a villager say that there was a doctor in Qian Shan Banner who often came to see the poor for free, and every time he came, he borrowed tables and chairs from an empty temple in Shannan. Later, when the doctor moved to Qiaoxi, it was much more convenient to have family members to see a doctor. Mr. Shu Chengxun once told Kong Lao that there are many pharmacies in indigo plant, and Cao Xueqin often goes to these pharmacies to get medicines or prescribe medicines for patients. Shu Lao remembered the names of these pharmacies one by one and told Kong Lao. Unfortunately, Kong Lao didn't write them down at that time. Kong Lao also said: Xueqin has cured many people's diseases because of her superb medical skills. Some rich people often buy something for Xue Qin after their illness is cured, in return for her kindness in treating the disease. Qin Xue often tells these people, don't buy me anything, just keep your money. Once the patient can't afford to buy medicine, I'll let him find you and you will give him his medicine. Isn't this able to help more people relieve their pain? In this way, Xueqin cured many stubborn diseases for many poor people, and people praised Xueqin's brilliant medical skills and noble medical ethics. It doesn't seem difficult for a person to do something good. It is rare to do good deeds forever. Qin Xue treated Xishan people for free, and even collected herbs for the poor people. Qin Xue's care for Xishan people is the best proof, and the public's word of mouth is the best proof.
Dunmin, a good friend of Baijiatuan Xueqin, accurately recorded in the Record of Life in a Bottle Lake Zhai that in the spring of the 23rd year of Qianlong (i.e. 1758), Xueqin moved to Baijiatuan, with the original note as proof: "The Qin Garden in Spring (the number of Xueqin) died and will move to Baijiatuan." After this article, Dunmin went to Baijiatuan twice to ask Xueqin to identify calligraphy and painting. Unfortunately, Xueqin is not at home. In the postscript, Dunmin tells the general story of Xueqin's new house in Baijiatuan. For readers' reference, the quotations are as follows: "There is a stream blocking the road, looking across the bank, there are four adobe houses, which are inclined to the southwest, with stones as walls and rafters as broken branches, and the walls are uneven and the households are incomplete. And the courtyard is neat, the hedges are woven into brocade, and the vines are full of vines? There is the joy of squatting in the alley, and there is a fascination with the moon flowers. Go north along the stream and cross the stone bridge. " There are few biographical materials left by Qin Xue. Dunmin's Record of Living in a Bottle Lake describes the time when Cao Xueqin moved to Baijiatuan and some words and deeds of Qin Xue, which is extremely important. So why did Xueqin migrate to Baijiatuan? Since the fifteenth year of Qianlong, Xueqin bid farewell to religious studies and moved to the western suburbs. After several migrations, she finally moved from Xiangshan to Baijiatuan. Some people have analyzed that there are economic reasons, such as avoiding "public opinion" and the collapse of houses, "Manchu territory" (during the Qianlong period, it was stipulated that the slaves of the Banners could open accounts, that is, the Han people were allowed to flag), and there were also claims that Qin Xue built houses and Baijiatuan were related to the Prince of Yi. In my opinion, apart from economic reasons, Qin Xue wants to find an ideal place to write and repair books to avoid noise.
There is a very important figure in a dream of red mansions-Taoist Confucius. In all kinds of legends about Cao Xueqin, there are not many people involved in this person. But what is the connection between the writing style of this mysterious Taoist in The Red Chamber? A textual research note on Ten Kinds of Cao Xueqin written by Mr. Wu Enyu once said: "Wei Jun's eight-character seal script" Yunshan Hanmo Ice and Snow Clever "is said to be written by Qin Xue. It is not possible to follow the seal script. There is a small seal in the inscription of "Song Yue Fang Shan" in "Empty Taoist", and the carving skill is still good. Mr. Zhicheng Deng said that it was indeed dry paper, but the inkpad was not like a thing when it was dry, and the inkpad covered with dry paper was a little yellow. Yu Wei said that if it can be judged that it is dry paper, inkpad is not a problem. The cover is not only light ink, but also deep ink The word' empty Taoist priest' is still good. These twelve words were written by Qin Xue, although they are not necessary. However, in February 1963, Mr. Zhang Boju was interviewed, saying that the word "Empty Taoist Master" was compared with the word "Hai Keqin respects the earth" written by Qin Xue the year before last. Although Mr. Wu was identified as an original by two people, the evidence was a little pale because of the color of the inkpad. Mr. Yang Yi has lived in Taizhouwu near Baijiatuan for a long time, and once wrote the article Nalan Xingde, a famous poet in Qing Dynasty. He talked about a very important issue, that is, there is an empty temple in Baijiatuan, which provides direct evidence for Qin Xue's "empty Taoist temple". The quotation for readers is as follows: "At the south foot of Cao Xueqin's Baijiatuan residence, there is a small temple at the foot of the mountain. There is a temple with an area of about 10 square meter. Because there are no gods, idols and memorial tablets in the temple, it is empty, and the locals call it an' empty temple'. This temple was demolished in the late 1970s and early 1980s when the land was razed. ? Although there is no written record, from its shape and location, it belongs to the category of mountain temples. The age of the building cannot be verified. Now some people think that this' empty temple' may be related to the' empty Taoist' written at the beginning of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions. " Mr. Yang Yi only speculated that the empty temple was related to the "empty Taoist" in A Dream of Red Mansions. However, it was not revealed that the "empty Taoist" was Cao Xueqin. Maybe Mr. Yang Yi didn't see the book Ten Kinds of Cao Xueqin written by Mr. Wu Enyu, or maybe he didn't see the seal script "The calligraphy in Yunshan is as skillful as ice and snow". Although Mr. Wu Enyu invited a famous appraiser at that time to identify it as Cao Xueqin's personal book, he never understood the relationship between the name "Empty Taoist" and Qin Xue. Baijiatuan's Empty Temple undoubtedly provides extremely important evidence for the study of A Dream of Red Mansions and Cao Xueqin.
Guangquan Temple Xiangshan Guangquan Temple is the only place where Cao Xueqin and his good friend Zhang Yiquan were recorded exactly. They left poems to sing together. Unfortunately, Mr. Xueqin's poems have not been handed down, and only Mr. Yiquan is recorded according to the original rhyme of Xueqin's poems for readers. The quotation is as follows: "Your poems have never been sung at leisure, but now they have lost their enthusiasm." The monument secretly knows that it contains today's rain, and the wall is expensive to make up the clouds. Cicadas call each other in the distance, and flies sing empty kitchens to find themselves near. A lonely man in the western suburbs went to Korea. He dragged a stick through the smoke forest. "(original rhyme of Cao Xueqin's" Abandoned Temple in the Western Suburb ")
Humen experienced the No.31Courtyard and No.33 Courtyard of Shihu Hutong on the east side of Xidan in Xicheng (Courtyard No.7 and Courtyard No.8 before 1960s, and now it is a national big world shopping mall). The two courtyards are connected, which is a well-preserved Ming and Qing mansion in Beijing. This used to be the royal residence. This building is a large multi-quadrangle. Among many quadrangles in Beijing, this quadrangle can be said to be one of the quadrangles with the most celebrities. This hospital was called "Changzhou Guild Hall" in the Ming Dynasty, which was the place where Jiangnan adopted sons went to Beijing to study. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing government moved the guild hall to be the residence of Wu, the son of Wu Sangui. Because the youngest daughter princess of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Taiji, married Wu, it has always been called "Fu Ma Fu", also known as "Princess Kechun Fu". Historical geographers in Beijing are still used to calling it "Fu Ma Fu" for the convenience of writing or discussion. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to educate the children of the Eight Banners, the "right wing religion" of the Qing Dynasty was established here (the left wing religion of the Qing Dynasty was in dengshikou, Dongcheng). Cao Xueqin once taught here. Because Cao Gong's good friend Duncheng wrote the poem "There were several mornings and evenings in Humen at that time", so Redology also called it "Humen". When did Cao Xueqin teach in the right-wing religious school? Redology scholars are still inconclusive. However, some redologists think it is around 1744 (nine years of Qianlong). What is his specific work in religion? Redology scholars have different opinions. Some say they are teaching assistants, some say they are teachers, some say they are husbands, some say they are husbands, some say they are husbands (is this husband a homonym for husbands), some say they are clerks, husbands, policemen and so on. In a word, he teaches in the Pope. Cao Xueqin teaches right-wing religion. What's his education? Some redologists think he is a dutiful son (that is, a juren), but most think he is a "tribute student" and a "tribute person". In the educational system of the Qing Dynasty, there were six kinds of tributes, namely, kindness, education, age, excellence, vice and example. Cao Gong's "painting tribute" is the painting tribute of Shuntianfu. He passed the imperial examination, so he was able to teach in religious studies. Dunmin and Duncheng brothers are students of right-wing religion, and they entered school in about 1744 (the ninth year of Qianlong). Redology scholars are not very clear about when Cao Gong left Zongxue. According to the fact that the right-wing religious education moved away in the 19th year of Qianlong, it is estimated that they may have left the Xishan where they studied in the 16th or 7th year of Qianlong. Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall, the old house at No.39 Zhengbaiqi Village, is actually the former residence of Cao Gong. 1April, 974, poems with inscriptions were found on the wall, some of which were marked with the year of "Bingyin", that is, the eleventh year of Qianlong, which proved that Cao Gong arrived in Xishan in the eleventh year of Qianlong. A redologist said that Cao Xueqin lived in Xishan with the help of his good friend and cousin Fu Peng, who was then the commander-in-chief of Zhengbaiqi. Fu Pengying died young, 4 1 year in the 13th year of Qianlong. So it is possible that Tsao Gong was already in Xishan when he was in Qianlong for eleven years. In the third exhibition room of Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall, it is clearly written: "Ten years after Qianlong, forced by life, he left the western hills of the capital to build a house, lived a life of' a thatched rafter and a crock rope bed', and made his world-famous works with blood and tears." In other words, Cao Gong left the right-wing religious school of Qing Dynasty in the 11th year of Qianlong. In short, Cao Xueqin's teaching time in Qing right-wing religion will not be too long. Because there are many articles in the Dream of Red Mansions that Tsao Gong's thoughts and feelings are clear-cut, cynical and even "arrogant", which is certainly unacceptable to the rulers.