Zhang Qian hollowed out the western regions and opened the Silk Road. Dawan is one of the most famous places. Dawan is located in Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan in Central Asia. Historical Records has incorporated all the contents about the Western Regions into the Biography of Dawan. Dawan is the beginning and end of the Silk Road or the Western Regions.
The starting point and ending point of the ancient Silk Road in the Central Plains corresponding to Dawan are generally considered as Xi 'an or Luoyang.
As the administrative center and capital of the Han Dynasty, Xi is undoubtedly the starting point of the Silk Road. Commerce and trade originated from people. In addition to the administrative center, it also needs a passenger and cargo distribution center: crowded people, connected villages, rich products, and homes away from home. The Silk Road carries spiritual civilization and material civilization. The closer to the grassroots, the smoother the flow, the more energetic the pulse, and the more effective the existence. It can be inferred that the starting and ending point of the Central Plains and the commercial center close to the grassroots level should be in Nanyang at the foot of Funiu Mountain.
The place name of Dawan has caused controversy. The dispute is whether the place name is "Dawan" or "Wan". In other words, "Da" is a part of local place names (such as "Dashi" and "April") and a modifier in Chinese (such as "Dashiyue"). Mr. Cen's conclusion is that this western place name was originally "Wan" and "Da", which is an additional component of Chinese. His reason is that in Historical Records and Hanshu, the words "Wan Baoma", "Shi Wan", "Xu Wan's Covenant" and "Wan Po" are not uncommon, and "from a great knowledge, it is as big as a great family.
Wan is in western language, not Chinese. In this regard, Chinese and foreign scholars have never said the same thing. But in the place names of the Central Plains, there is another "ten thousand" corresponding to it. Nanyang County is also called "Wan", and the capital of Nanyang County is called "Wancheng". According to the ancient notes in Historical Records, "Wan" is pronounced as "yuān". But what does "Wan" mean?
Fergana Valley is a rich area in Central Asia and the birthplace of ancient civilization. Andijan is an important town that appeared earlier in the basin. Cen Zhongmian's Textual Research on the Geography of the Western Regions in Hanshu once quoted Volume 45 of Records of the Western Regions as saying: Anjiyan is an ancient road. "If it is consistent with the historical records that aborigines have battlements in Dawan, the vast ancient land and the city of Anjiyan will undoubtedly be today." Cen's conclusion is: from the perspective of antithesis, the short translation of "Wan" in Andiyan seems to be beyond reproach. Andijan is a trade center and tourist distribution center in Central Asia. For a long time, residents of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang once called Central Asian businessmen "Andijan people". Nanyang, located in the shallow mountain basin, is a gathering place for silk, porcelain, iron smelting, agricultural products and farming techniques. Nanyang's alias "Wan" should be the * * * recognition of the cultural and geographical characteristics of Nanyang by Silk Road travelers.
As early as Zhao Haoqi in Qin Dynasty, the government of Nanyang County was called "Wancheng". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanyang was regarded as the "Old Capital" and "Southern Capital", for which Zhang Heng wrote the famous Han Fu "Southern Capital Fu". Nanyang is located between the north and south phenological zones in China, which is the main road of communication between the north and the south, and the starting point and end point of east-west traffic. Historical records? The Biography of Huo Zhi sums up the characteristics of Wan: "Wan is also a metropolis. Custom is a good thing, and there is much business. " Hanshu? Geography further explains: "Wan, which leaves Wuguan in the west and Jianghuai in the east, is also a metropolis." The so-called "good merchants in Nanyang", or the folk custom "good things" and "numerous merchants", is undoubtedly the * * * knowledge of far and near, at home and abroad, in and out of government. This is what it calls "Wan". Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanyang was a place where business travelers gathered, and the Shanshan Guild Hall of Sheqi was equal to the historical museum of merchants in the north and south.
The communication between Zhang Qian and the Western Regions and the previous non-governmental trade started and ended from Wancheng (Nanyang) in Funiu Mountain to Dayuan State in Fergana. Generation after generation of the Silk Road runs back and forth along the ancient foothills of Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Qinling Mountain and Funiu Mountain.
(Selected from Knowledge of Literature and History, No.6, 2009, and Yang Lian's Two Topics on the History of the Silk Road was added by the editor.)
Question 1: The following understanding of the place name of "Dawan" does not conform to the meaning of this article: () (3 points)
A. The dispute about the place name of "Dawan" mainly lies in "Da", which is a part of the local place name and a modifier of Chinese.
B Cen believes that this place name in the western regions was originally "Wan" and "Da", which is an additional component of Chinese, and its reason comes from the relevant records in Historical Records and Hanshu.
C. According to the viewpoint of this article, "Dawan" should refer to Nanyang, because the government of Nanyang County has been called "Wancheng" since the time of Qin and Zhao Haoqi.
D In the place names of the Central Plains, there is also a "Wancheng", but according to the ancient notes in historical records, the pronunciation of this "Wan" is different from that of "Dawan".
Question 2: The following statement about the Silk Road is completely correct () (3 points).
A. "Dawan" is the starting point and ending point of the Silk Road or the Western Regions, and the corresponding starting point and ending point of the Central Plains Silk Road is Xi 'an or Luoyang.
B. The Silk Road is close to the grassroots, and the smoother it is, the more dynamic it is and the more effective it is. It can be inferred that the starting point and ending point of the Central Plains near the grassroots level is Nanyang at the foot of Funiu Mountain.
C according to the meaning of this article, there are two "Wans" in history, namely, Wancheng (Nanyang) at the foot of Funiu Mountain and Dawan State in Fergana, which are the starting point and ending point of Zhang Qian's communication with the western regions, and before.
D. The Silk Road was opened in Zhang Qian, and its main function was to connect with the western regions. The administrative center played a decisive role in the excavation and prosperity of the Silk Road.
Question 3: The following understanding of "cultural tradition" is not in line with the meaning of the text: () (3 points)
A. Andijan is an important town that appeared earlier in Fergana Valley, and it is a rich area in Central Asia; Anji Yan, recorded in the Western Regions, and "the aborigines have battlements", recorded in the Historical Records, are the ancient Dawan.
B. Cen believes that from the pronunciation point of view, "Wan" is the abbreviation of An; For a long time, Central Asian businessmen have been generally called "Andijan people" by people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, which fully shows that Andijan is the trade center of Central Asia.
C Nanyang, located between two phenological zones in China, is the main road for the communication between North and South civilizations, and the starting point and end point of east-west traffic. These are all important factors of "good business in Nanyang" and the original intention of being called "Wan".
D. Looking at the full text, we can see that "Dawan" has two places in history, one is Fergana Valley in Central Asia and Uzbekistan, and the other is Nanyang in the Central Plains.