In the Ming Dynasty, Han, Liu and other humanities works "Collected Works of Mr. Ba" were selected, so they began to use the name of eight schools, which really started here. Among the Wenbian compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty, there were only eight in the Tang and Song Dynasties. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Mao Kuncheng compiled *** 164 volume Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, which was widely circulated in the old society, and the name "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" became popular. Since the introduction of Eight Schools in Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, Eight Schools have been regarded as the schools of ancient scholars in China. Eight Great Banknotes in Tang and Song Dynasties 164, including the Ming Wanli engraving and the Qing Dynasty bookstore engraving. In Qing Dynasty, Wei Yuan had eight volumes of Eight Great Readers in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Among the eight great figures, there are three Su fathers and sons, known as "Su San", that is, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe, and also known as "three bachelors in one school". Therefore, it can be summarized as "Liu Ou Wang Zeng Su San".
origin
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, You Zhu compiled the articles of the above eight essayists into an Eight-part Essay Collection, from which the names of the eight great writers began. Wen Bian compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty only accepted the articles of eight famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, and all the articles of other writers were not accepted, which played a certain role in shaping and spreading the names of eight famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties. Soon after, Mao Kun, who was highly respected, selected eight articles according to the compilation of Zhu and Tang, and compiled them into Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, so the names of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were decided.
In addition to the eight masters, there are four masters, namely Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi, who are known as the four masters of ancient prose in Song Sijia or Song Dynasty.
Historical background
The title of "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" first appeared when Han, Liu and other humanities were recorded as "Collected Works of Mr. Liu" in the primary election of Ming Dynasty. Due to the merger of the three Soviet Union, it was actually "Collected Works of Mr. Eight".
Among the Wenbian compiled by Tang Shunzhi in the middle of Ming Dynasty, there were only eight in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to their theories, Mao Kun compiled *** 160 volume Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. This book was widely circulated in the old society, and the name "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" became popular.
Since the eight schools were named in the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, ancient writers have taken the eight schools as their Sect. Eight Great Banknotes in Tang and Song Dynasties 164, including the Ming Wanli engraving and the Qing Dynasty bookstore engraving. In Qing Dynasty, Wei Yuan had eight volumes of Eight Great Readers in Tang and Song Dynasties.
Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan jointly advocated the "ancient prose movement", so they were collectively called "Han Heyang Liu An". Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and others started the ancient prose movement, which made the prose in the Tang Dynasty flourish. For a time, ancient Chinese writers rose up to attack it, forming a climax of "everyone coughs and spits, and everything becomes a pearl".
Su Shi, Su Xun and Su Zhe are called "Three Sus", Su Xun is the father of Su Shi and Su Zhe, and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother. Ouyang Xiu is Su Shi's teacher, and both Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong once worshipped Ouyang Xiu as their teacher. Therefore, the eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties were divided into two Tang Dynasties (Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan) and six Song Dynasties (Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi).
Eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties were the central figures who presided over the ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties. They advocated prose and opposed parallel prose, which had a far-reaching influence on the literary world at that time and later generations.
Basic information
Han Yu
Han Yu (768 -824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in Tang Dynasty, was born in Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan). Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese.
In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", who drowned himself in the world, was loyal to the prisoner's anger, and was handsome in the three armed forces "(eight generations: Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Qi, Zhou and Sui); Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan also called him "Liu Han". Du Mu juxtaposes Han Yu's articles with Du Fu's poems, which is called "Du Han's Stone Pen", and is known as "a great writer" and "a hundred generations of literati". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.
Han Yu is also a master of languages. He is good at borrowing predecessors' words and paying attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken English. He can create many new sentences, many of which have become idioms, such as "falling when someone is down", "being easily blamed" and "losing his mind". Ideologically, he is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
liu zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773 -8 19), with thick words, was a writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, and his ancestral home was Hedong (now Yongji area in Yuncheng, Shanxi). People all over the world call it "Liu Hedong" and "Mr Hedong", and they also call it "Liu Liuzhou" because of the history of Liuzhou secretariat.
Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu are called Liu Han, Liu Yuxi is called Liu Liu, and Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Wuying are called Wang Meng. Born in Chang 'an, he was a scholar in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and he was the official governor of the empire. He left more than 600 poems in his life, and his achievements were greater than poems. He is under 50 years old. He is the author of Liuhe East Collection and so on.
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037-11year) honored "Dongpo lay man" and posthumous title "Dongpo lay man", and gave it to a surname, chasing posthumous title's "Wenzhong". He is a native of Meishan, Sichuan, a famous writer, painter and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi has made great achievements in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting, and is recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in China for thousands of years. His prose is called "Su Hai in Han Dynasty" with Han Yu, "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian and "the first all-rounder in ancient China" with Xin Qiji.
Su Shi, his father Su Xun (1009~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother. His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu and Dongpo Zhi Lin.
Su Xun
Su Xun (1009-1066), whose real name is Mingyun, is from Lao Quan. Meishan people in Sichuan. 58 years old. At the age of 27, I became eager to learn. At the age of 20, I raised Jinshi and Cai Mao. , all missed. I learned to burn my articles and study behind closed doors, so I learned the Six Classics and I wrote thousands of words in an instant. Between Jia You and him, he took his second son, Shi Hezhe, to Beijing.
Ouyang Xiu published 22 books handed down by scholars, such as Lun Heng and Quan Shu. Han Qi, the Prime Minister, plays in the court, except for the secretary and the provincial school bookkeeper. He and Yao Bi, the prefect of Xiangcheng, wrote the book The Book of Rites Since the Dragon, which is one hundred volumes of Taichang Yin Ge Rites. A book becomes a book, but it will die. There are only twenty volumes, and there are three volumes, all of which are biographies of the history of the Song Dynasty, which have been handed down to the world.
Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in Saint Amethyst's Twenty-Seven. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood study with his father and felt his father's profound influence on him. Of course, if Su Xun didn't study hard, it would be impossible for Su Shi to receive a good family education in his early years, not to mention a young Su Shi who "learned the history of classics and learned a thousand words a day"
Su Zhe
Su Zhe (1039-112) was born in Meishan, Meizhou, Han nationality. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his brother Su Shi. God is the emperor of the dynasty and the official of the three divisions. He was promoted in Henan for opposing Wang Anshi's political reform. When he was a philosopher, he was called the secretary of the provincial school.
In the first year of Yuan You, you remonstrated. Cheng, Shang Shu You Cheng, assistant minister under the door, learned about Ruzhou and demoted Yunzhou, then moved to Leizhou and moved again.
Hui moved to Yongzhou and Yuezhou successively to become a Chinese medicine practitioner, and then moved to Xuzhou to be an official. Self-styled welcome legacy. A pawn, a stone man One of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, he is as famous as his father Su Xun and his brother Su Shi, and is called Su San.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) was a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yongshu,no. Drunken Weng, was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) and Mianzhou (now Mianyang City, Sichuan Province).
Tiansheng Jinshi was disgusted with the imperial edict when he was in Renzong, and he was a bachelor of Hanlin. When Yingzong was an official, he was a Tang Dynasty envoy and participated in the discussion of state affairs. The Zongshen dynasty moved the Ministry of War ministers and took Prince Shao Shi as the official. A pawn is Wen Zhong. Fan Zhongyan was not only a supporter of Li Qing's New Deal, but also a leader of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also happy to reward and punish the backward, and Su Shi's brothers Ceng Gong and Wang Anshi are all out of his house.
Ouyang Xiu's poems, words and essays were all the best at that time. Poetry is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", which is eloquent and lyrical. Poetry style is similar to prose, emphasizing momentum, smooth and natural; His poems are deep and beautiful, inheriting the lingering wind of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Co-edited the Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi, and independently wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties. I also like to collect epigraphy and compile it into Records of the Historians. Author of Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents.
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1 year-1086), whose real name is Badger Lang, also known as Wang, was born in Linchuan (now Shangchi Village, dongxiang county, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was of Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated.
In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School.
In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has twice served as a reformer and promoted the new law. Xi Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike and died in Zhongshan, posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). "The prime minister can punt in his stomach" is Wang Anshi. Lenin praised him as "1 1 the greatest reformer in China in the century".
Ceng Gong
Ceng Gong (10 19-1083, August 25th, the third year of Tianxi-April 11th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng) was called "Mr. Nanfeng". Han nationality, born in Nanfeng, Jianchang (now Nanfeng County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province), lives in Linchuan (now west of Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province).
Sun of Zeng Zhiyao, son of Zeng. Jiayou was a scholar for two years (1057). A statesman and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty was one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" and one of the "Seven Zeng in Nanfeng" (Zeng Zhao, Zeng Zhu, Zeng Xie, Zeng Dun).
Personal work
Han Yu
Poetic works such as The Original Road, The Buddha's Bone Table, The Original Nature, The Original Extinction, The Teacher's Theory, and the Learning Interpretation.
Other works include essays, winning Lin Jie, and the famous sacrifice to Shiro.
liu zongyuan
Fables in poetry and prose, donkeys in Guizhou, rats in Yongmou, elk in Linjiang.
Philosophical works include Non-Mandarin, Zhen Fu, Seasons, Criminal Argument, Tian Shuo, Tian Dui, Eight Notes of Yongzhou, etc. Among them are Little Stone Pond, Journey to the West Night Banquet, Yuan Jiake, Shiqu, Little Rock Mountain and so on.
Su Shi
Poems such as Water Turning Around, Huanxisha, Jiangchengzi, and Recent Flowers. Prose include Qianchibi Fu, Houchibi Fu, Wang Ping Lun, Houhoulun and Shi Zhongshan Ji.
Su Xun
Six Kingdoms, Balance of Power, Distinguishing Traitors, Guan Zhong, Book of Rights, etc.
Su Zhe
Other works include 84 volumes of Lu 'an Market and Zhao Yingji of Lu 'an City 13.
Ceng Gong
Poetry and prose works: Letter to Mr. Ouyang Sheren, Letter to Mr. Shang Cai, Preface to Ang Lee's Second Tone, Preface to Wang Pingfu's Collected Works.
Ouyang Xiu
His poetry works include Zuiwengting Ji, Singing Cicada Fu, Autumn Sound Fu, An Advice Letter to You, On Friends, Biography of Lingguan and Selling Oil Weng.
Wang Anshi
Poem: You Baochan, go to Zhong Yong and answer Sima's words.
Qiaoji
Liu Han is a good friend who once took Angel to Jiangsu.
And Ouyang, and Zeng Wang.