During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi was one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the earliest overlord among them. In the period, Guan Zhong, Bao and others helped to achieve hegemony. In the period, Qi made great achievements, assisted by Yan Ying and Sima Yi. During Qi Huangong and Qi Jinggong, Qi was the most powerful vassal state at that time. Throughout the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi was the most powerful vassal state.
During the Warring States period, although Qi was not as good as Qin, it was also the most powerful country among the six countries. Together, Qi and Chu have the power to contain Qin. During the period, Sun Bin led Qi to encircle Wei and save Zhao, and defeated Wei twice in the Battle of Maling, which greatly enhanced Qi's prestige in the Warring States Period. At the end of the Warring States period, Qin was called the Western Emperor after the demise of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and Qi was also called the Eastern Emperor (although the strength of Qi was far less than that of Qin,
Throughout the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi was a big country with many famous generals, while Lu was just a small country, and its strength could not be compared with Qi at all.
Why isn't Shandong called Qi for short and Lu for short?
Historically, because Lubitz corrected
First of all, the first generation monarch of Lu was his son, that is, Ji, who was closely related to the royal family. As far as etiquette status is concerned, he is much higher than Jiang Qi, who was sealed by liegeman, and even Tian Ji, who later stole the country, is much higher. Lu was the only vassal state in the Spring and Autumn Period that could use the same etiquette as Zhou.
Secondly, Lu is also more complete than Zhou Li, and people say that "Zhou Li is all in Lu".
Finally, the influence of Confucius in later generations also has a great relationship.
Therefore, no matter from the position of culture and etiquette, Lu is more influential and representative.
Question 2: Why is Shandong called Lu instead of Qi? Text/Qingfeng Tingquan In the previous blog post, I mentioned the question my daughter asked me: Shandong is called Qilu Land, why is Shandong called Lu instead of Qi? At that time, I could say that I didn't have any explanation for this question, because I never thought about it and never asked why, so I didn't have any thoughts or ideas. I feel deeply ashamed of this, because I can't give my child a reasonable and correct explanation, and I have never thought about the questions I asked my child. I deeply blame myself for my ignorance and numbness. Perhaps, I have long lost the impulse and enthusiasm to explore unknown problems, and I am doing meaningless or even repetitive work in the office all day. What is terrible now is not that my doubts can't be answered, but that I have lost my doubts in numbness, thinking that everything is reasonable and should be, and there is no reason to talk about it. In troubled times, I squandered my doubts and thoughts, and I turned my aura into stone. In my reflection, my daughter's question made me feel ashamed. Attachment 1 (explanation of problems sorted out after searching for information): In the history of Qi and Lu, Qi had a large territory and a strong economy, while Lu had a small territory and a weak economy. However, due to special reasons, Shandong is called Lu for short. 1. The enfeoffment of the Zhou Dynasty led to the enfeoffment of Jiang Ziya in Qi and in Lu. Jiang Shang belongs to the foreign minister, while Duke Zhou belongs to the clan. At this time, Qi was inhabited by Dongyi ethnic minorities, while Lu was a land of wealth, and the strength of Qi was gradually formed after the enfeoffment system. Second, Lu is the executor of Zhou Li, and people say that "Zhou Li is in Lu". Lu was the only vassal state in the Spring and Autumn Period that could use the same etiquette as Zhou. In the Book of Rites, it is recorded that "the utensils, clothes and officials of the IV were all used by Lu." Therefore, Lu and Wang Li have been circulating for a long time. "3. Compared with Qi, Lu is obviously dominant in culture. Confucius is a native of Shandong, and his historical position is beyond doubt. Because of Confucius' supreme status, local people prefer to call Shandong Lu to show its status as the birthplace of culture. Fourth, the geographical location of Shandong is in the middle of Shandong, which is superior to the eastern Shandong area where Qi is located.
Question 3: Why is Shandong Province called "the land of Qilu" abbreviated as Lu instead of Qi? It is estimated that there are two points: 1 Gulu is the territory of descendants, while Qi is the territory of descendants of Jiang Ziya, which may have more advantages. 2. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the person who did it was called Lu, or the people in Jin 'an area were 1066 BC (calculated by bamboo calendar), and the business was destroyed, that is, "the founding of the country". Historical records? According to Records of the Historian, "at the beginning, I respected my father in Yingqiu and called my brother in Qufu and Shandong". Qilu was the largest feudal country in Shandong in the Zhou Dynasty, so today people still use "Qilu country" as a synonym for Shandong. However, because Lu is a descendant of the Duke of Zhou, his politics (Lu was a feudal official of the Duke of Zhou) and culture (the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou) have a far-reaching impact on later generations. (Confucius once said, "As for Lu; Lu Yi changed. As for Tao's The Analects? Yong also "). Therefore, Shandong will be called "Lu" for short. Also, China is dominated by Confucianism, and Confucius was born and raised in Shandong. This may also be a reason.
Question 4: Why is the abbreviation of Shandong called Lu instead of Qi? Corrected by Rubik in history.
First of all, the first generation monarch of Lu was his son, that is, Ji, who was closely related to the royal family. As far as etiquette status is concerned, he is much higher than Jiang Qi, who was sealed by liegeman, and even Tian Ji, who later stole the country, is much higher. Lu was the only vassal state in the Spring and Autumn Period that could use the same etiquette as Zhou.
Secondly, Lu is also more complete than Zhou Li, and people say that "Zhou Li is all in Lu".
Finally, the influence of Confucius in later generations also has a great relationship.
Therefore, no matter from the position of culture and etiquette, Lu is more influential and representative.
Ps pointed out an error. Many descendants of Lu were enfeoffed, and so was the Western Han Dynasty. Lv Hou named his grandson, Zhang Yan, the son of Yuan Lu, princess royal, as King Lu. Later, Liu, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, became the first king of Lu in the Western Han Dynasty. Later generations, Xiao Qingji, Liu Jin and Liu Shu successively attacked and sealed, and there were 14 kings.
Sun Quan's son Sun Ba is the king of Lu, and Liu Bei's son Liu Yong is also the king of Lu.
Even the former Zhao established by ethnic minorities was enfeoffed by Lu Wangde.
Zhu, the tenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang in the Ming Dynasty, named Yanzhou, Shandong as the king of Lu, and the last Zhu Yihai was the supervisor of Lu in Nanming.
Question 5: Why is Shandong abbreviated as Lu instead of Qi? Lu is better than Qi.
Question 6: Why is the abbreviation of Shandong Province called Lu instead of Qi Shandong Province called "Lu"?
Shandong was called the land of Qilu in the ancient history of China, mainly because Qi and Lu existed in Shandong during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, in fact, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qi was bigger than Lu.
Compared with Qi State, which has a strong industrial and commercial atmosphere, Lu State gave birth to Confucius, a saint in the ancient history of China, and Confucianism, which influenced the feudal dynasty, also originated from Lu State. Therefore, in history and culture, Lu is ahead of Qi. In other words, Qi's prosperity is temporary, while Lu's influence on history and culture is eternal.
Later, in the process of building telegrams in the Qing Dynasty, all identities needed to be abbreviated. Because Hebei first reported the abbreviation of "Ji", Shandong chose the abbreviation of "Lu" because the pronunciations of "Qi" and "Ji" are easily confused.
Question 7: Why is Shandong Province called Lu instead of Qi? In the history of Shandong, Qi, which occupies most parts of Shandong, is always much stronger than Lu in the south, and when it comes to Shandong in ancient and modern times, it is mostly Qilu. As far as national strength is concerned, Qi Lu Qiang Wei; On the site, Qida Road is small; In terms of appellation, "Lu" eventually became the abbreviation of Shandong Province.
The initial root cause lies in the cultural differences between Qilu and Qilu. Although Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was not as powerful as Qi, it represented the etiquette culture (Confucian culture) of Shandong and even the whole China. At the same time, its geographical location is in the south-central part of Shandong, which is superior to the northeast part of Shandong where Qi is located. Moreover, Lu is more developed in culture, and Confucius is a native of Lu, which can better represent the history and culture of Shandong.
Lu was one of the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty. The first generation monarch of Lu was his son Boqin, whose capital was Qufu, just south of Mount Tai and slightly in southern Shandong, covering a corner of Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and was the hometown of Confucius. Among the vassal states of the Zhou Dynasty, Lu was Ji's surname "Zongbang" and the vassal was "",so "Zhou is like Lu, and Lu should dress like Zhou" (in Qing Dynasty). Lu became a typical preserver and executor of Zhou Li, which is called "Zhou Li is in Lu". Rulers all over the world often study in Shandong, which is a famous country of etiquette. This close relationship between Lu and Lu made Lu the cultural center of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the pre-Qin period, Qilu, located in the north and south of Mount Tai, developed well in economy, politics and military affairs. But as far as cultural psychology is concerned, it has always been an indisputable fact that Qi people admire Lu culture and think that Lu culture is more civilized than Qi culture. The advantages and disadvantages of culture are most easily seen in cultural exchanges. Generally speaking, cultural lag should constantly learn advanced culture to enrich and improve itself. As far as Qi and Lu are concerned, Qi often learns from Lu.
As we all know, Guan Zhong's reform is of vital significance for Qi to become a big country. However, Guanzhong reform has profound significance in absorbing the strengths of Shandong culture and supplementing the weaknesses of Shandong culture. An important content of Guan Zhong's political reform is to settle in the residence of four people, implement the policy of paying equal attention to scholars, agriculture, industry and commerce, and put the development of agriculture in the position of economic foundation before industry and commerce, which obviously absorbed Lu's thought of building the country by agriculture to make up for the social instability caused by Qi's heavy emphasis on commerce, fishing and salt, and women's industry over agriculture. In view of the weakness of the traditional ethics of Qi State and the backward customs, which led to the rudeness of the monarch and ministers and the confusion of the relationship between men and women, and seriously affected the social order and political stability, Guan Zhong also paid great attention to absorbing the etiquette culture of Lu and emphasized the construction of ethics.
Guan Zhong is like this, and so are other ministers of Qi State. Although the State of Qi was not interested in the red tape taught by Confucius, after all, they had to pay attention to the respect, equality and order of Lu. For example, Yan Ying, another famous figure of Qi, went to Lu to "ask" with him (Historical Records? Qi Taigong family "); When Confucius arrived in Qi, Qi Jinggong also lost no time in asking questions about Confucius. Another example is Lu's rebellion to celebrate his father, and he wanted to attack Lu. However, some people saw that Lu still adhered to Zhou Li and thought that "Lu could not move without abandoning Zhou Li" (Zuo Zhuan was two years old). Qi people attach importance to rites and learn from Lu, showing a positive, enterprising, flexible and open side, which is certainly worthy of recognition. But it also proves that there are many places that need to be improved in Qi culture. For example, in the relationship between monarch and minister, there have been many cannibals in Qi, but the situation in Lu is much better. Lu's cultural superiority is also an important reason why the powerful Qi can never destroy Lu.
Lu culture is a Confucian culture represented by Confucius, Mencius and others. This kind of culture has always had a deep influence on Shandong and even China, that is, it never stays at the material level and institutional level, but goes deep into cultural customs, that is, people's cultural psychology. Xunzi once compared the differences between Qin Jin culture and Qilu culture. He wrote in Xunzi? "On Evil Nature" said: "Heaven is not the private people of Qilu, but also the people of Qin. But as far as the meaning of father and son and the difference between husband and wife are concerned, it is not as good as Qilu teaching assistant. With the feelings of Qin people, peace and tranquility, slower than etiquette, is unique! " Although Xunzi is talking about "the people of Qilu" here, its essence refers to Lu culture, that is, Confucian culture. It shows that in the eyes of the first-class scholars in the pre-Qin period, the civilization degree of Lu (Confucian) culture was the highest and most representative at that time. The reason why the Chinese nation finally chose the Confucian culture in Qilu culture as the core of its own culture ...
Question 8: Why is Shandong called Lu instead of Qi? Qilu was named after Qi and Lu in the pre-Qin period. By the end of the Warring States period, with the basic completion of national integration and humanistic assimilation, Qilu culture gradually merged into one. Because of the cultural integration, "Qilu" formed a unified cultural circle, and the regional concept of "Qilu" was formed by the unified cultural circle. This area is roughly equivalent to the later Shandong province, so it has become synonymous with Shandong. Qilu and Shandong are both geographical terms formed in history. Today, they refer to the same geographical scope and can be widely used. But in history, the two are completely different. The name "Shandong" has changed a lot in history. It was not until the Song and Yuan Dynasties that it was proposed as an administrative division of Shandong today, but its scope is still different from that of Shandong today. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that it was officially named Shandong Province. Since then, the geographical scope may change, but the name remains the same, and the scope is not much different, which is basically consistent with the scope of ancient Qilu. Talking about Qilu culture, the geographical scope of Qilu and Shandong Province shall prevail in the pre-Qin period, and Shandong Province shall prevail after the Han Dynasty. There may be some inconsistencies between the two, which can only be dealt with by this standard. In order to find out the relationship between Qilu and Shandong, let's first look at the origin and geographical evolution of the two. The origin and evolution of "Qilu" originated from Qilu in the pre-Qin period, which is the general name of Qilu and Qilu. It was originally a national concept. Qi and Lu were two feudal countries in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were two important positions for the Western Zhou Dynasty to exercise sovereignty in the East. Because in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Yin people and the Dongyi people on the eastern coast were powerful and refused to obey the rule, and anti-Zhou rebellions occurred frequently. After the Duke of Zhou crusaded eastward to quell the rebellion between Wu Geng and Shangxuan, the King of Zhou sealed the two most effective figures, Duke of Zhou and Bogu, to the hometown of Shangxuan and Bogu respectively, and established the State of Lu and the State of Qi to appease the Yin and Yi people in the east. Lu lives in the Yang of Mount Tai, with Qufu as its capital, and in the Yin of Mount Tai, starting from Yingqiu (now Changle, Shandong Province, called Linzi in ancient times), then moving to Linzi. At the beginning of Qilu, the places were hundreds of miles apart. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, after hundreds of years of merger wars, the territory of the two countries was constantly expanding, basically controlling the present Shandong area. Moreover, with the political, economic and cultural development of the two countries, ethnic integration and humanistic assimilation. Cultural exchange has gradually strengthened the internal connection between Qilu and Qilu. Qilu regional cultural circle, which is different from Central Plains, Qin, Jin, wuyue and Jingchu, has gradually formed. The word "Qilu" is also gradually linked, from the concept of state to the concept of region. Confucius first linked Qilu. He said: "As for Lu, when Qi changes, as for Tao." . ("The Analects? Yongye) This refers to the connection and difference between Qilu's ideology and culture, and Qilu has not yet been combined into one word. After a while, he said, "Why doesn't my son know about Qi and Lu?" (Zuo Zhuan? Ten years of public service) further emphasizes the internal connection between the two cultures. However, "Qilu" is still a national concept here, and each has its own meaning. It was not until the late Warring States that "Qilu" really formed a word and became a regional concept with unified cultural characteristics. The earliest concept of Qilu as a unified region was Gou Zi, "Gou Zi? The article "On Evil Nature" says: Heaven is not the private people of Qilu, but also the people of Qin. But in the sense of father and son, the difference between husband and wife is not as good as Qilu's filial piety to his father. Why? With the indulgence of the Qin people, the etiquette is careless and slow, so it is different! The opposition between Qilu and Qin clearly refers to two regions. What is the difference between Qilu and Qin's humanities? Qilu attaches great importance to etiquette and has the reputation of "the country of etiquette and righteousness", while Qin lacks the culture of etiquette and righteousness, which is caused by the difference between politics and religion, not because of the difference of human nature. Since then, the word "Qilu" has often appeared, or as a national concept, it refers to Qi and Lu; Or as a regional concept, it refers to the present Shandong area; Or as a concept, regional culture refers to the scope of Qilu culture. For example, Historical Records? " "The Scholars" said: "Han Sheng pushed the meaning of" Poetry "and told tens of thousands of words inside and outside, which was quite different from Qilu. "That is to say, Han Ying, who was born in Yan Jun (now Beijing) in the Han Dynasty, wrote poems from the inside out (that is, Chinese poems). His language and academic views are obviously different from those in Qilu area, and he is regarded as studying modern or ancient classics in China. Hanshu? Yi said: "There is a saying of Qilu in Han Xing" and "Jin Shu Fan Propaganda": "The voice of irony is like Qilu"; There is a sentence in Su Zhe's poem: "I was born in the southwest (meishan county, Sichuan) to study Qilu"; Li Qingzhao's "Poems of Senior Officials Han Xiao": "My father was born in Qilu and is superior to others"; Poems by Wu Wei: Ershui Cangshan, Qilu of Buddhism, etc. The word "Qilu" has become a relatively fixed regional concept, which is > >
Question 9: Shandong is the land of Qilu. Why is Shandong Province called "Lu" instead of "Qi"? Although in the history of Qi and Lu, Qi has a large territory and a strong economy, while Lu has a small territory and a weak economy. But in the cultural sense, Lu is not equal to Qi for several reasons.
First of all, the enfeoffment of the Zhou Dynasty led to the enfeoffment of Jiang Ziya in Qi and Lu. Jiang Shang belongs to consorts, while Duke Zhou belongs to clansmen. At this time, Qi was inhabited by Dongyi ethnic minorities, while Lu was a land of wealth, and the strength of Qi was gradually formed after the enfeoffment system.
Second, compared with Qi, Lu has obvious cultural advantages. Confucius is a native of Shandong, and his historical position is beyond doubt. Because of Confucius' supreme status, local people prefer to call Shandong Lu to show its status as the birthplace of culture.
Question 10: Why is Qi stronger than Lu, but Shandong is called Lu instead of Qi, which is the birthplace of Confucianism? Later emperors mostly respected Confucius, which had a great influence on Lu.