In recent years, the state has paid more and more attention to the development of green buildings. For example, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Construction Industry Development" recently released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development proposes that in the next five years, on the basis of completing the fixed assets investment and construction tasks of the whole society, the total output value of the national construction industry will increase by 7% annually; The added value of the construction industry increased by 5.5% annually. By 2020, the proportion of urban green buildings in new buildings will reach 50%, the newly started and fully renovated residential building area will reach 30%, and the proportion of green building materials will reach 40%. According to the plan, promote the development of building energy efficiency and green buildings, including promoting the mandatory standard of 75% energy efficiency for new residential buildings in cities and towns in northern heating areas; Vigorously develop green buildings and promote the green construction and quality upgrading of buildings from the aspects of materials and technology; Formulate incentive policies for the delivery of fully renovated new houses, increase the delivery ratio of fully renovated finished products of new houses, and provide users with standardized and high-quality services; Popularize building energy-saving technology. Organize the research and development of renewable energy, new wall materials and external wall insulation, high-efficiency and energy-saving doors and windows. What is a green building? Green building refers to a building that provides healthy and comfortable working, living and activity space for human beings, and at the same time uses energy most efficiently and has the least impact on the environment. It is an important way to realize the harmonious unity of "people-oriented" and "people-architecture-nature", and it is also an important part of China's sustainable development strategy in 2 1 century. Green buildings should follow the principle of sustainable development, embody the concept of green balance, and integrate high and new technologies such as green configuration, natural ventilation, natural lighting, low-energy envelope, solar energy utilization, geothermal utilization, reclaimed water utilization, green building materials and intelligent control through scientific overall design. Green building must fully embody the harmony and unity of humanity and architecture, environment and technology. In addition, green building has six characteristics: reasonable site planning, efficient recycling of resources, effective energy saving by comprehensive measures, healthy and comfortable building environment, harmless waste reduction and flexible and applicable building functions. It not only meets people's physiological and psychological needs, but also consumes the most economical and reasonable energy and resources, and has the least impact on the green environment. Why do you want to develop green buildings? As an artificial environment, architecture is an important part to meet the needs of human material and spiritual life. However, with the development of China's economy and the gradual improvement of people's living standards, people's pursuit of sensory enjoyment and the requirements for living environment and comfort are also constantly improving. The ever-changing concept of life leads to uncontrolled development and construction, which not only alienates the natural contact and communication between man and nature, but also brings a heavy burden to the environment and resources, especially the increasing demand for energy utilization. Building is a big energy user, but China has the largest construction market in the world, and the total housing area in China has exceeded 40 billion square meters. With the requirements of changing people's livelihood and improving the level of urbanization in the national "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", there will be substantial growth. According to relevant statistics, building energy consumption accounts for more than 28% of the total social energy consumption, and there is a gradual upward trend in recent years. Saving energy and developing low-carbon economy are the only way for the fundamental direction of national industrialization development in recent years. How to realize green environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction in buildings? 1, improve the utilization rate of carbon-based energy, reduce the use of building production process will produce a lot of greenhouse gases, because every process will have energy consumption, and in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, we must reduce the use of carbon-based energy. To this end, the following measures can be taken: ① Optimize and adjust the industrial structure, introduce and use low-carbon building materials, resolutely stop using backward production capacity, make full use of kilns in building materials industry to treat industrial solid waste and municipal waste, and comprehensively promote industrial optimization and upgrading. (2) Develop new energy sources that can be recycled, such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy and their derivatives. Because most of these energy sources are converted from the heat energy of the sun and the earth, they not only have the characteristics of less pollution, but also have relatively large reserves, which undoubtedly alleviates the shortage of petrochemical energy sources. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" strongly advocates the use of new energy sources such as natural gas, ground source and air energy heat pump in buildings. However, at present, China's green building has just started, and the experience is still insufficient, and there is no comprehensive evaluation system. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive evaluation system, improve evaluation standards and standardize the implementation of green buildings. Only in this way can we completely realize the efficient and low-output utilization of carbon-based energy and lay a solid foundation for China's energy conservation and emission reduction. 2. Recycling old building materials Due to the intensification of the current urbanization process, building demolition is increasing, resulting in a large number of old building materials being abandoned. In view of this problem, we should change the traditional concept, not simply bury the old building materials, but recycle them. We can sift and classify the old building materials, and use the unrecoverable crushed materials as road building materials, and the other recyclable materials can be used to process bricks and concrete. This can not only reduce the upstream resource input, but also solve the downstream construction waste, fully realize the reduction of resources and recycling of waste, and achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. Of course, we can't recycle some old building materials that have suffered chemical and physical losses indefinitely. Because the performance of these building materials can no longer meet the current use standards, continued use will only bring security risks to buildings. At present, there is no complete legal system for recycling and dismantling old building materials in China, which leads to the random use and disorderly circulation of old building materials in the market. Therefore, our government should strengthen supervision in this respect, formulate corresponding policies and measures to guide and standardize the market, realize the orderly recycling of old building materials, and establish efficient and safe circulation channels. Strengthen industry supervision and management. Specifically, it can: clearly formulate industry standards and standardize the recycling of waste building materials; Encourage the establishment of companies to buy back old building materials, give certain tax incentives to qualified enterprises, and provide timely price guidance; While dealing with old building materials and realizing recycling, we should improve the supervision functions of relevant departments and resolutely avoid the illegal use of waste building materials. 3. Renovation of residential and public buildings. At present, in order to improve the production efficiency of resources and reduce their consumption, industrialized houses and energy-saving public buildings should be vigorously promoted. In the industrial housing construction, the traditional manual field work has been replaced by factory production. Condensation is done off-site, assembled in the factory, and then assembled on site. This not only improves the utilization rate of equipment and machinery, but also saves raw materials, ensures the stability of product performance and quality, and lays the foundation for energy saving and emission reduction of residential buildings. In addition, this construction method avoids producing sewage, garbage, noise, harmful gas and dust on the construction site, which fully embodies the concept of green building. For office, tourism, communication, transportation and other public buildings, the energy consumption is generally more than ten times that of residential buildings, so reducing the energy consumption of public buildings is our top priority. Therefore, a complete energy-saving supervision system should be established to regulate the energy consumption of public buildings, guide the whole process of low-carbon management of public buildings, and formulate the corresponding energy consumption detection platform. At the same time, establish an open reward and punishment mechanism, publicize the results of energy efficiency evaluation, and let the whole society supervise. 4. Strengthen the supervision of the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction standards. In the process of implementing energy conservation and emission reduction, we ignore that not every link can achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction standards in the whole cycle of buildings, and pay enough attention to key links and weak links. Give full play to the comprehensive coordination and information feedback functions of relevant departments, realize their due responsibilities in the process of supervising the implementation of standards, strengthen supervision over whether the standards are effectively used, fully implemented and accurately implemented by all parties in the construction, strictly review all links of construction, and severely deal with non-implementation and violation of standards. Only in this way can energy-saving and environmental protection technology run through the whole process of engineering construction and the concept of energy-saving and emission reduction can be realized.
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