Main problems faced by engineering general contracting
In order to promote the development of general contracting, in recent years, the Ministry of Construction and relevant departments have issued many policy documents. In 2003, the Ministry of Construction issued "Guiding Opinions on Cultivating and Developing Engineering General Contracting and Project Management Enterprises" (Shi Jian [2003] No.30), which pointed out the direction for engineering general contracting, but the existing problems can not be ignored.
1. The laws and regulations are not perfect. Although general contracting has been carried out for many years, there are no relevant laws, regulations and departmental rules on general contracting for many years, except the Interim Measures for Engineering Contracting Companies issued by the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Construction in 1984. The Construction Law, the Bidding Law and the Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects only contain provisions on survey, design, construction, supervision and tendering agency, but there is no corresponding provision on general contracting of construction projects in China's laws and regulations. In terms of bidding management, the relevant state departments have promulgated the Measures for Bidding and Bidding of Survey and Design of Construction Projects and the Measures for Bidding and Bidding of Construction Projects, but there is no bidding and bidding method for general contracting projects. Due to the lack of corresponding management regulations, departmental rules, implementation rules and standard contract texts, local government departments do not know how to standardize the management of general contracting, which restricts the development of general contracting.
2. There are obstacles to market access. Design enterprises with general contracting ability have encountered many problems in general contracting market access, which have been strongly reflected.
First, the local construction administrative departments have a management system for the survey, design, construction and supervision of construction projects. For example, in the management of project registration and completion acceptance, there are only enterprise columns such as survey, design, construction and supervision, and there is no general contracting enterprise column. Enterprise information cards (IC cards) include IC cards for survey, design, construction and supervision respectively. Without the IC card of EPC, the project implementing EPC cannot go through the relevant procedures of market access. Although the Ministry of Construction explained the market access of general contracting projects in July 2003, this problem still exists in some places.
Second, after the cancellation of the qualification certificate of general contracting, some owners have a directional thinking of recognizing the qualifications of enterprises, and only recognize the construction enterprises for general contracting, but not the design or construction enterprises for general contracting. Some design enterprises that do have the ability of general contracting are rejected when bidding for projects.
Third, the second-class legal person general contracting company established by some survey and design enterprises originally received the general contracting qualification certificate. After canceling the qualification certificate of general contracting, these companies have neither design qualification nor construction qualification, so they can't carry out general contracting business or any other business with market access requirements. For example, Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Group Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Wuhan Railway Engineering General Contracting Company of Tiesiyuan all belong to this situation.
3. Low social recognition and imperfect market development. At present, most foreign project owners agree with the general contracting mode, and many private project owners also accept the general contracting mode. However, many government-invested or state-invested project owners do not fully realize the positive role and remarkable benefits that general contracting can play in project construction. Some owners only see that after the implementation of general contracting, personal interests and rights have been weakened, and the "benefits" they can get from the project contracting are less. For their own benefit, they are unwilling to adopt the general contracting mode to organize the project construction. The vast majority of government-invested or state-invested project owners are still accustomed to contracting out survey, design, procurement, construction and supervision respectively, and even keen to contract out projects one by one.
4. The organization and personnel composition can't meet the requirements of general contracting. At present, except for a few enterprises that have transformed into international engineering companies, most survey, design and construction enterprises in China have not established organizations corresponding to general contracting, and the organizations that carry out general contracting are not perfect, and there is a general lack of high-quality compound senior project management talents.
Most design enterprises that carry out general contracting business have not set up project control department, purchasing department, construction management department, commissioning (start-up) department and other institutions, and some have only set up a secondary institution-general contracting department. Design enterprises generally lack experienced construction and procurement management personnel.
Most construction enterprises can't meet the requirements of general contracting in terms of organization, talent structure and service function. As labor-intensive construction enterprises, most of them implement the four-level management mode of "company-branch-project department-operation team" (five-level management of large group companies), with repeated management levels and overlapping management functions. The headquarters of most large construction enterprises is only a management layer, not a real company, which is far from the organization of international engineering companies. Construction enterprises generally have no designers. Although a few large construction enterprises have design teams, they are all design companies controlled by independent legal persons. Construction enterprises lack design function and construction drawing design ability in function setting, which is also the main reason for the slow progress of general contracting in most construction enterprises.
5. The project management system needs to be improved, and the project management level is low. At present, most design and construction enterprises in China have not established a sound project management system, and the organizational structure, job responsibilities, program documents, work instructions, work manuals and computer application systems of project management are not perfect. Most of them still use traditional means and methods for project management, lacking advanced computer management system for engineering projects. From the survey of enterprises, only a few enterprises that have been established as engineering companies, such as Wuhuan Technology Co., Ltd., apply computer integrated systems to project management.
Suggestions and countermeasures for promoting general contracting of projects
In order to solve the problems existing in the current project general contracting and further promote the development of the project general contracting, the following suggestions are put forward:
1. Establish and improve relevant laws, regulations and departmental rules. When the Construction Law is revised, the legal status of general contracting should be clarified and relevant contents should be added. It is imperative to promulgate the Measures for the Administration of General Contracting and its detailed rules for implementation, and standardize the management of the general contracting market. In conjunction with relevant departments, we will promptly study and formulate measures for the management of general contracting bidding, and actively cultivate the general contracting bidding market; Referring to FIDIC clauses, the model clauses of general contracting which are suitable for the requirements of China's socialist market economy are formulated.
2. Effectively solve the market access problem of general contracting. In combination with the implementation of the Administrative Licensing Law, when revising the Regulations on Qualification Management of Construction Enterprises (Order No.87) and the Regulations on Qualification Management of Construction Engineering Survey and Design Enterprises (Order No.93), the relevant policy of "Enterprises with engineering survey, design or construction general contracting qualifications can carry out engineering general contracting business within the scope of engineering projects permitted by their qualification grades" determined in Order No.30 was added to the ministerial order.
As for the problem that the second-level corporate general contracting companies established by some enterprises are not qualified, first, it is suggested that enterprises cancel the independent legal person qualification of general contracting companies and become their internal institutions; Second, it is suggested that qualified engineering general contracting companies obtain the qualification of construction general contracting or design independently, but give necessary support in policy. For example, the performance of general contracting should be recognized, and there is no restriction on applying for design or construction general contracting qualification from the lowest level of qualification.
3. Intensify publicity and unify thinking and understanding. Judging from the investigation, it is difficult to implement the general contracting, and the key is the lack of understanding of the general contracting by government management departments and owners. It is necessary to increase the publicity of the implementation of general contracting. First, all localities are required to focus on publicizing or training comrades in the administrative departments of construction at prefecture, city and county levels to raise awareness and unify their thinking. In the future, there will be no more disputes between the design unit and the construction unit. The second is to publicize and report the characteristics, advantages and typical cases of general contracting to the society, so that general contracting can be gradually recognized by the society; Third, in conjunction with relevant departments, combined with the reform of investment and financing system and the reform of the organization and implementation mode of government investment projects, organize forces to train owners. Strive to actively promote the organization and implementation of general contracting or project management in government investment projects.
4. Accelerate the cultivation of a number of internationally competitive international engineering companies. With the economic globalization and China's entry into WTO, it is the only way to improve the international competitiveness of construction enterprises to fully implement general contracting and project management in the field of engineering construction and actively explore the international contracting market, so as to drive the export of high-tech and materials and equipment in China and promote the export of labor services. At present, international engineering contracting has gone beyond the simple scope of engineering construction and installation, and has become a comprehensive carrier integrating trade in goods, technology and services. If we don't change from construction and labor contracting to comprehensive contracting, including technology, and we don't speed up the cultivation of a number of international engineering companies with international competitiveness, we won't be able to get general contracting business in the international contracting market, and we won't be able to occupy a place in the international contracting market. At present, many international engineering companies have undertaken projects in China. They not only seize market share in projects, but also use their own advantages to compete for domestic high-quality talents. At present, the brain drain rate of some large-scale design and construction companies has reached as high as 30%, and it is further aggravated, which poses a great threat to design and construction enterprises in China. Therefore, it is suggested that on the basis of the Guiding Opinions on the Establishment of International Engineering Companies by Large Design Units, the Guiding Opinions on the Establishment of International Engineering Companies by Large Construction Enterprises should be formulated promptly. Apply for general contracting qualification for survey and design enterprises that do have general contracting ability, or for engineering survey and design qualification for construction enterprises, and give policy support in applying for relevant qualifications; Organize relevant forces to provide training and guidance to design and construction enterprises preparing to set up engineering companies; By guiding and supporting a group of design and construction enterprises to voluntarily merge and reorganize and transform into engineering companies, the current design and construction enterprises will undergo qualitative changes in their functions and organizational structure to meet the requirements of general contracting.
5. Do basic work such as personnel training. At present, the gap between Chinese design and construction enterprises and international engineering companies is one of the most important problems. Suggestions: Continue to give full play to the role of trade associations, universities and international engineering companies, further strengthen the training of engineering project management professionals, and train a large number of professional and technical management talents needed by enterprises to meet the needs of the current domestic and international engineering construction market.
General contracting and project management are a complex system operation process, so modern management means must be used to implement dynamic, quantitative and scientific system management and control of the whole process of engineering construction. Therefore, the application of management software is one of the important means and symbols to cultivate internationally competitive engineering general contracting enterprises and project management enterprises and realize the integration with international management mode. Therefore, the research group suggests organizing large domestic design and construction enterprises and relevant professional institutions to introduce and develop international advanced project management software, and vigorously promote its application. On this basis, improve the integration level of project management software, and make China's project management level step up to a new level.
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