Taihu Lake Basin, located in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta, is the most densely populated and economically dynamic area in large and medium-sized cities in China. The river basins are mostly plain river network areas, with rivers and lakes connected and water systems connected. The river basin water surface ratio is 15%, but the river water surface gradient is small and the water flow speed is slow. And because of the unreasonable economic growth mode for a long time, a large amount of wastewater is discharged, water pollution control is relatively lagging behind, the water quality of inland rivers and lakes in the basin is relatively poor, and the water ecological environment is seriously damaged. Southeast rivers are located in the southeast coast of China, with developed economy and abundant water resources. Most of them are mountains and rivers, which generally flow into the sea alone with short sources and short currents. The surface water quality is generally good and the water ecological diversity is rich. In the following, Wuxi and Quzhou, two national pilot cities of water ecological civilization, are taken as typical cases to study. ① Wuxi City. Wuxi is located in the south of Jiangsu Province, in the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, which is the most economically developed in China, with Taihu Lake as the center, forming a spatial pattern with Yixing area in the west and Xicheng area in the north.
Wuxi has a dense river network, and the Jiangnan Canal runs through it. The Yangtze River and Taihu Lake are important water sources of Wuxi river network. Summarize the characteristics of Wuxi's waters: plain water network with developed water system, land rich in water shortage, upstream and downstream areas with small water environmental capacity, historical and cultural city with important water ecology, and smart city with modern water management. ② Quzhou City. Quzhou City is located in the southwest of Zhejiang Province, the source of Qiantang River. It is the marginal central city of Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces, an important node where the Yangtze River Delta, Pan-Pearl River Delta and Haixi meet, and the eastern coast connects the central and western regions. There are many mountains and hills in Quzhou City, and the water system is feathered in Qujiang River, which is not only good in water quality, but also rich in water resources. The rivers in China belong to Qiantang River and Poyang Lake, and Qiantang River is the main one. Summarize the characteristics of Quzhou waters: hilly areas with rich water resources, upstream areas with excellent water environment, economically underdeveloped areas with diverse water ecology, historical and cultural cities with rich cultural heritage, and initial areas where water management needs to be improved urgently.
Second, the construction mode and practice of water ecological civilization city with different water characteristics
1. The key point of water ecological civilization city construction is to build a qualified water ecological civilization city, and the position of water system planning in urban planning must be improved. At present, urban planning is mainly based on spatial layout and land use planning, and water system planning is rarely regarded as a whole that is organically combined with social, economic, industrial development and human factors. The sustainable planning of water resources in most cities and regions is still at the theoretical level. Therefore, in the process of building a water ecological civilization city, we should organically combine urban planning, industrial layout planning and water system planning, and through a series of engineering and non-engineering measures, build a water ecological civilization system with safe water resources, healthy water environment, harmonious water ecology, distinctive water culture and modern water management, which is the key content of water ecological civilization city construction.
2. Build a water ecological civilized city with different waterscapes.
(1) Key Points and Practice of Water Ecological Civilization Construction in Wuxi City
It is suggested that the key construction contents of Wuxi water ecological civilization city are as follows: ① strengthening the elimination of backward production capacity and economic transformation and upgrading, reducing pollutant emissions, and focusing on the prevention and control of point source pollution; ② Vigorously promote the construction of water-saving society and make full use of unconventional water sources such as reclaimed water and rainwater; (3) Strengthen the connection between rivers and lakes, dredge capillaries such as toubang in cross section, increase the power of rivers and lakes through water diversion and drainage, and improve the environmental capacity of rivers and lakes; (4) Strengthen the comprehensive management of ecological environment in Taihu Lake and the construction of wetlands in the city to reduce the impact of urbanization on hydrological cycle; ⑤ The first water ecological science and technology industrial park in China, which is combined with Industry-University-Research, has hatched the most advanced scientific and technological achievements in the related fields of water ecological environment management, and promoted it to the whole country and even the whole world; ⑥ Further promote the construction of the Internet of Things decision-making command management system of "Perception of Taihu Lake and Smart Water Conservancy", and the modern management of water conservancy has reached the leading level in China.
(2) Key points and practice of water ecological civilization construction in Quzhou City.
It is suggested that the key construction contents of Quzhou city to build a water ecological civilization city are as follows: ① Deepening water source protection, strengthening soil and water conservation and water conservation, and building a water ecological barrier in the upper reaches of Qiantang River basin; (2) Strengthen the treatment of rural domestic sewage, reduce the discharge of agricultural non-point source pollutants such as livestock breeding and farmland fertilization, and control the water environment pollution from the source; ③ Vigorously develop eco-economy, develop raw water industry, clean water fishery and eco-tourism, and accelerate the transformation of ecological advantages and resource advantages into economic advantages; (4) Build a green industrial system, strictly implement the expert decision-making consultation mechanism for industrial projects, and implement the "trinity" environmental access system of space, total amount and projects to promote the adjustment of industrial structure; ⑤ Strengthen the inheritance of water culture and the propaganda of water ecological civilization, cultivate citizens' awareness of saving water in love the water and reduce the waste of water resources; ⑥ Innovating water management mechanism, focusing on creating mechanisms such as water ecological restraint and incentive, water ecological compensation, ecological construction of water projects and healthy management of rivers and lakes in source areas; ⑦ Strengthen the information construction of water conservancy and continuously improve the management level of water conservancy science and technology.
Third, the conclusion
Based on the analysis of Wuxi and Quzhou, two typical waterscape cities, this paper puts forward the key points and modes of water ecological civilization construction in these two cities. The main conclusions are as follows: ① To build a water ecological civilized city, we must first improve the position of water system planning in urban planning and adhere to the organic combination of urban planning, industrial layout planning and water system planning. (2) In economically developed areas lacking water, it is necessary to strengthen the elimination of backward production capacity and economic transformation and upgrading, reduce pollutant emissions, vigorously promote the construction of a water-saving society, and make full use of unconventional water sources such as reclaimed water and rainwater. In addition, urban water ecological civilization will be realized by strengthening the connection between rivers and lakes, comprehensive management of important rivers and lakes, wetland construction, water ecological science and technology industrial park, and smart water conservancy Internet of Things construction. (3) At the source of water-rich river basins, deepen water source protection, strengthen soil and water conservation, strengthen the prevention and control of rural non-point source pollution, vigorously develop ecological economy and give full play to the advantages of ecological resources. In addition, by building a green industrial system, strengthening the inheritance of water culture and the propaganda of water ecological civilization, innovating water management mechanism, and strengthening the construction of water conservancy informatization, urban water ecological civilization can be realized.
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