Risk prevention and control in building construction
A, the construction site attendance system
1. All staff at the project site must go to work on time every day, punch in, and work continuously for nine hours after the project starts.
2. When the staff go out to perform tasks, they need to ask the project manager for instructions, fill in the on-site task list, and go out after approval.
3. The project manager needs to report to the vice president in charge when going out.
4. Need sick leave certificate.
5. Please apply for personal leave to the project manager and fill in the leave slip. The project manager will examine and approve it within one day, the vice president in charge will examine and approve it within two days, and the chairman will examine and approve it for more than three days. You can take a rest only after you are allowed to take a vacation, and send it to the administrative department for record.
6, due to the need to work overtime, all employees must obey. The project manager fills in the overtime application form. Employees' overtime pay shall be calculated separately, and the project manager shall not calculate overtime pay. If a staff member is unable to complete the task on time due to his own reasons and needs to work overtime, overtime pay will not be calculated.
7. Those who are absent from work for three times or three consecutive days without reason shall be removed from the list.
Second, the construction site meeting system
1, hold meetings every day from the date of commencement to the date of completion.
2, the daily meeting convened by the relevant project manager, the builder, maintenance monitor and construction team leader to attend. Engineering secretary records filing. The project manager can expand the scope of people attending the regular meeting according to specific problems.
3. The problems found in the construction must be submitted to the regular meeting for discussion and reported to the vice president in charge for approval. Decisions made at regular meetings must be resolutely implemented.
4. The coordination problem between teams and groups shall be submitted to the daily meeting for solution. Communicate relevant operation requirements and the latest engineering trends in time at the regular meeting.
5. The weekly meeting shall be convened by the competent vice president, attended by the project manager, budget officer and marketing manager, and the engineering secretary shall be responsible for recording. The vice president in charge can expand the scope of participants according to specific problems.
6. The coordination between production departments and between Party A and Party B shall be submitted to the weekly meeting for solution. Regular meetings convey the latest engineering trends, the latest company documents and company spirit.
Third, the construction site file management system
1, the engineering secretary should strictly meet the requirements of urban construction archives management and do a good job in data archives.
2. Record the daily meetings, weekly meetings and temporary on-site meetings on the construction site.
3, on-site personnel roster, construction team personnel ID copy filing.
4. Filing of project quantity visa, project task book, design change order, construction drawings and project self-inspection data.
5. Other documents, materials and correspondence in the project should be filed.
6, all kinds of files classified custody, backup, shall not be lost. At the same time, establish relevant electronic documents for easy reference.
7. Borrowing files requires borrowing procedures. Fill in the borrowing form of engineering data and return it in time.
Four, the construction site warehouse management system
1. The warehousing of materials must be signed by the project manager. Unqualified materials will never be put into storage, and the material clerk must go through the return formalities in time.
2, the keeper of any material must be counted before warehousing, registered; Fill in the material receipt form; At the same time, input electronic documents for future reference.
3. Material account books must have columns such as date, quantity in storage, quantity out of storage, recipients and storage location.
4. The materials in the warehouse should be classified and stored in an orderly manner, and the identification management should be done well, leaving enough passages for easy handling.
5, paint, alcohol, pesticides and other flammable and explosive toxic substances stored in the dangerous goods warehouse, and equipped with sufficient fire equipment, shall not use open flame.
6, bulk materials, equipment can't put in storage, clear quantity, do a good job of covering, to prevent rain and sun, to avoid losses.
7. The materials stored in the warehouse must be fireproof and moisture-proof, and other personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the warehouse.
8, material outbound must fill in the requisition, signed by the project manager for approval, and the requisition is signed.
9. Borrow tools and equipment and set up a loan account. Strictly fulfill the loan procedures and collect funds in time; Carry out the principle of "whoever takes the goods will keep it". If there is any damage, inform the material engineer to contact for maintenance or replacement in time.
Five, civilized construction management system on the construction site
1. Smoking is not allowed during construction.
2, the construction site must go to the temporary toilet, to clean at any time after use.
3, materials, components and other items classification code put neatly. Collect materials, transport earthwork, sand and gravel, etc. , and timely cleaning and maintenance, not spilled along the way.
4. The garbage generated in the construction must be classified and piled up, cleaned up and transported away in time, and the materials will be cleaned up after work.
5, site construction personnel dress must be kept clean and tidy, shall not wear slippers to work.
6, barrack must be kept clean and tidy, take turns to clean, garbage, production garbage removal in time.
7. Unite with comrades and care for others. It is forbidden to go to work after drinking, make trouble, fight, form a gang, call names and hurt people, which will not contribute to the work.
8. Strictly control the noise of construction machinery to minimize the nuisance.
Six, the construction site safety production management system
1. New workers enter the site to receive "three-level safety education".
2, enter the construction site personnel wear safety helmets, must correctly use personal protective equipment, such as seat belts, etc.
3. Site construction personnel must use relevant machinery and equipment correctly, and check whether all safety facilities are safe and reliable before taking up their posts.
4, special type of work related certificates, special operations to wear the corresponding labor safety protection articles.
5, when using the grinder, first check whether there is any crack on the grinding wheel is dangerous. When cutting materials, the force should be even and the cutting parts should be clamped firmly.
6. Please fasten your seat belt when working high above the ground. It is forbidden to walk freely on climbing objects without handrails at high altitude.
7. Keep the slope stable during deep trench construction, and improve the wall protection and reinforcement measures in time.
8, dangerous parts, the edge of the pit should be strictly fenced, blocked, set up the necessary safety warning lights.
9, according to the provisions, set up enough roads, roads and safety ladders.
10, loading and unloading stacking tools, equipment and construction vehicles, and keeping a safe distance from the pit.
1 1, large and medium-sized construction machinery (lifting, transportation, rolling, etc. ) should be commanded by full-time personnel.
12, small and electric tools are operated and used by full-time personnel, so pay attention to the safety of electricity use.
13. The construction personnel must abide by the rules and regulations of safe construction and have the right to refuse the operation methods that violate the "Safety Construction Management System".
14. Safety signs should be hung on the construction site.
15, illegal command and operation are strictly prohibited.
Seven, the construction site temporary electricity management system
1. Professional electricians (with certificates) are responsible for all temporary electricity consumption on site, and other personnel are forbidden to connect to the power supply.
2. Each floor of the construction site must be equipped with various safety distribution boxes.
3. Temporary electricity utilization, three-phase five-wire system and three-level leakage protection shall be inspected and maintained by full-time electricians.
4. All temporary lines must use sheath line or submarine lines, which must be erected firmly, generally overhead, and must not be tied to pipes or metal objects.
5, it is forbidden to use flower thread, copper wire disorderly pull disorderly connect, offenders will be severely punished.
6. All plugs and sockets shall be kept in good condition, and the electrical switch shall not be used for multiple purposes.
7, all construction machinery and electrical equipment shall not be used in spite of illness and overload.
8, construction machinery and electrical equipment and construction metal platform must have a reliable grounding.
9, connect the power supply should be cut off first, if live work, protective measures must be taken, and there are more than three electricians on-site monitoring to work.
Eight, the construction site safety management system
1, security personnel must be loyal to their duties, stick to their posts, patrol day and night, and protect the property on the construction site from loss.
2, the project manager should be based on the actual situation, set up standard fences, fences, etc. , as far as possible to implement closed construction.
3. The project manager shall conduct safety inspection on raw materials, finished products and semi-finished products in the open air, and add safety protection facilities or send people to guard them when necessary.
4, all construction personnel must wear number plates, outsiders without the permission of the project manager, shall not enter the construction site.
5, security guards on duty at night, must patrol the whole construction area, shall not sleep.
6, security personnel on-site inspection, pay close attention to raw materials, finished products, semi-finished products, machinery and equipment, etc. Report to the company in time if any abnormal situation is found.
7. All the equipment and tools brought by the construction team shall be registered, and the registration list shall be kept by the engineering secretary for the reference of relevant personnel.
8. When the construction team leaves the site, the tools and equipment brought in must be brought out with a written notice from the project manager department.
Nine, the construction site fire management system
1, each level of the construction site must be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment.
2, security personnel must check the integrity of fire equipment every day, if there is any loss should be added in time.
3, fire equipment must be clearly marked.
4. The location of fire-fighting equipment should be based on the principle of convenient use, and the location of fire-fighting equipment should not be changed at will.
5, the staff must be familiar with the use of fire equipment.
6. Flammable materials such as paint are stored in dangerous goods warehouse, and painters should avoid fire and heat sources during construction.
7. All places where open flames are used in the construction site must be attended by special personnel to ensure that people go off.
8, keep the fire road unobstructed, in the event of a fire, should immediately organize personnel to put out the fire, report to the fire department when necessary.
9. The erection of temporary sheds and other facilities meets the requirements of anti-theft and fire prevention, and regular anti-theft and fire prevention education is conducted, and regular inspections are conducted to eliminate hidden dangers in time.
Ten, the construction site cost management system
1, the cost appraisal system is implemented.
(1) The project manager must first sign a letter of responsibility with the superior leader, clarify the responsibilities he should bear when encountering different situations in the construction process, and determine the responsibility cost at the same time (the responsibility cost refers to the fees charged by the responsible person according to the controllable degree of the responsible person). Within the scope of responsibility cost, if the cost is artificially exceeded, the bonus of the project manager shall be deducted according to the specific situation; If the cost loss is lower than the cost forecast plan, that is, the project cost is reduced, the project manager will be rewarded at one time by percentage.
(2) Cost control objectives are decomposed at different levels, and responsibility letters are signed at different levels, which are linked to economic interests and strengthen the economic awareness of all staff. The responsibility book can be posted on the wall to remind the members of the engineering department at any time.
(3) Specific assessment measures: an assessment team can be set up within the engineering department to conduct consultation and assessment according to the completion of the responsibility cost of the members of the engineering department after each working procedure is completed. Within the scope of their respective responsibility costs, if the cost is saved, 2% of the cost saved will be rewarded as a bonus to the relevant personnel; If the expenses are excessive and artificially excessive, the bonus will be deducted according to 1% of the excessive expenses.
(4) Before construction, do a good job in project cost prediction and planning.
(5) Hold regular cost analysis meetings, with the main analysis contents as follows: ① The quantities completed on site and signed by the supervisor. ② Labor consumption and expenses, and the daily employment plan for the coming week. (3) Material consumption, transportation costs, turnover materials, repairing old materials and recycling waste, material saving and reasons, types and quantities of materials needed in the coming week. (4) the amount of machinery expenses, maintenance and depreciation expenses, and the type and quantity of machinery needed in the coming week. ⑤ Propose corrective measures for cost control.
2. Strengthen the management and use of materials.
(1) Do the basic work before purchasing materials. Before the project starts, the project manager and the builder must be familiar with and analyze the engineering design drawings repeatedly and carefully, and put forward the material application plan according to the actual quantity of materials measured in the project. The application plan should be accurate.
(2) All subdivisional work should strictly control the use of materials according to the quota, especially the supply of stone, wood and sand, and implement the quota acquisition.
(3) In the process of picking, warehousing, feeding, using materials, replenishing materials, returning materials and recycling wastes, it is particularly important and has strict management.
(4) The project manager is directly responsible for the process with particularly high material consumption. In the specific construction process, the whole construction process can be divided into several stages according to different construction processes. Before the process begins, the builder will allocate the quantity of large materials used. If insufficient materials are found during construction, the builder will report to the project manager and explain the reasons for the insufficient materials. After the completion of each stage of the project, the builder shall make statistics and reports on the use and surplus of materials, analyze the causes of material consumption or over-consumption, and link them with rewards and punishments.
(5) Some materials shall be used in a lump sum manner, and a system of saving prize and penalty for exceeding consumption shall be implemented.
(6) timely discover and solve the problems of uneconomical use of materials, unmeasured storage and delivery, excess materials in production and high rejection rate.
(7) Special materials should be replaced with old materials, and the reasons for selecting new materials should be submitted by the material user or person in charge; Scrap materials should be handed in in time to provide a basis for future rewards and punishments.
(8) For the cost amortization method of reusable materials in each project, we can try to use the following formula for cost accounting: amortization amount = one-time usage ×( 1+ loss rate)/turnover times: usage amount calculated according to the construction drawings for applying for material preparation and preparing the construction operation plan. Turnover times: refers to the times when new reusable materials are used for the first time and these materials can no longer be used. Loss rate: refers to the amount of amortization of reusable materials in a project according to the frequency of use, the characteristics of project objects, the length of construction period and other factors.
3. Labor resource management
(1) Before starting work, not only the construction progress plan should be worked out, but also the employment plan of migrant workers in each process should be worked out according to the construction progress plan, and the labor cost should be calculated according to the employment plan. Discuss this employment plan with the person in charge of migrant workers before starting work, so that the person in charge of migrant workers can know fairly well.
(2) According to the employment plan of migrant workers in each process, the project manager sets the use cost target of migrant workers in advance and submits it to the superior leader for review; Inform the vice president of production of the labor cost allocation plan according to the use cost target of migrant workers; After the completion of the project, if the labor cost is reduced on the basis of the pre-planned target, 1% of the saved funds will be awarded to the relevant personnel.
(3) After the project starts, we should strictly control the labor quota, attendance and overtime. Timely discover and solve problems such as unreasonable personnel arrangement, improper scheduling, tight time and loose time, and work stoppage. Every morning, the number of migrant workers designated by the construction party should be basically consistent with the employment plan, and the number of migrant workers should be increased according to the specific situation of the day, which can avoid the idle situation of migrant workers to a certain extent and reduce labor costs.
(4) In the process of construction, strengthen the sense of responsibility of the construction team leader, and directly negotiate with the team leader on issues such as the deployment of migrant workers and accountability.
(5) Before starting work, sign a letter of responsibility and contract with the team leader to clarify the responsibilities. Hard landscape engineering can be contracted by teams in each construction process: under the premise of ensuring the construction quality and progress, the construction period, quality and manpower are fixed according to different construction processes, and the construction is contracted by migrant workers in sections. In this way, many troubles in construction management are avoided to a certain extent, the workload of project managers and construction workers is reduced, and the purpose of reducing labor costs is also achieved.
(6) For specific labor cost assessment standards, the above management methods should be adopted first. After the project is completed, we will compare the labor cost of several construction sites with the contract cost, analyze the floating amount, and adjust the reasonable labor cost quota.
(7) Engineering personnel should also be rationally allocated and strengthen management. When the project manager submits the project contract responsibility letter to the superior leader, the project manager can put forward the staffing plan of the engineering department, and the project manager can arrange the members of the engineering department on his own without affecting the construction progress and meeting the construction quality. Special personnel must be responsible for special posts, and one person can be equipped for other posts if conditions permit.
(8) The Engineering Department can introduce the competition mechanism, and the person in charge of each position will write the work summary regularly and submit it to the project manager.
(9) Hold some small group activities on a regular basis, so as to enhance the affection among members of the engineering department, exercise everyone's team spirit, and make everyone know each other better, so as to better cooperate and cooperate in the work and complete the work with high quality and efficiency.
4, mechanical use and management
(1) The builder shall record the usage of all machinery every day, and the electrician shall timely repair and maintain the machinery.
(2) For the important machinery used in the important working procedure, the project manager should put forward the type, quantity and frequency of mechanical machine-team before the start of the construction procedure.
(3) Large machinery must be commanded by special personnel, and the number of desk shifts should be controlled in advance, and the daily shift quota should be issued.
Eleven, the construction site quality management system
1, the project manager must disclose the technical quality of each working procedure to the builder and the construction team.
2, the builder must firmly grasp the engineering process and construction technology quality requirements.
3. Be meticulous in landscape art, strive for perfection, respect the laws of nature, be close to nature, and achieve realistic results.
4, do a good job in the early stage of the project, the preparation of practical construction organization design. According to the characteristics of different projects, formulate corresponding construction schemes and organize technological innovation to ensure the feasibility and advancement of construction technology.
5, the preparation of construction technology on the basis of familiar with the construction drawings, summed up the problems existing in the drawings, combined with the company's construction characteristics, put forward specific rectification plan, submitted to Party A and the design unit for discussion, in order to reach an agreement, so that the problem can be solved to the maximum extent before entering the construction site.
6, strict acceptance of raw materials, unqualified raw materials resolutely deal with.
7. Ensure the relative stability of skilled workers, reward skilled workers with excellent skills and eliminate migrant workers with unqualified skills.
8. Construction technology is the key to determine the quality of the project. With good technology, operators can achieve twice the result with half the effort in the construction process. In order to ensure the advancement and rationality of the process, the company arranges special personnel to test the immature process, compiles the mature process into work instructions and sends them to the construction personnel. When the construction personnel guide the production at the scene, they will make a written disclosure to the workers on this basis, which will be signed by the team leader. Process disclosure includes preparation of tools and materials, key points of construction technology, quality requirements and inspection methods, common problems and preventive measures. During construction, disclosure shall be made before construction, and the process requirements shall be strictly implemented.
9. Strengthen special inspections and solve problems in time.
(1) Conduct self-inspection and mutual inspection activities to cultivate the quality awareness of operators. After each working procedure is completed, the team leader shall organize the team members to conduct self-inspection and mutual inspection on this working procedure. The basis and method of self-inspection shall be strictly disclosed. The problems found in the self-inspection shall be handled by the team themselves, and the self-inspection records shall be filled in. The construction party can only accept the problems found in the self-inspection after rectification.
(2) Seriously carry out process handover activities. After the last working procedure is completed and before the next working procedure, the builder shall organize the construction team leader of the last working procedure to conduct handover inspection, and the team leader of the next working procedure shall check the quality of the last working procedure, put forward opinions on the quality problems affecting this working procedure, and fill in the handover inspection records. Only after the builder urges the personnel in the previous procedure to make corrections can the construction of the next procedure be carried out, so as to fundamentally eliminate the existence of unqualified products.
(3) Full-time inspection to distinguish responsibilities. On the basis of team self-inspection, the builder shall inspect each working procedure of each team leader, strictly require it, and deal with the unqualified ones immediately. When checking, it is necessary to distinguish the causes of non-conformity, which are caused by workers' operation or construction materials or methods. After finding out the reasons, in view of the recurring problems, formulate rectification measures and corresponding preventive measures to prevent similar problems from happening again. For unqualified workers caused by operation, punishment measures should be taken according to the severity of the situation, and the reasons for punishment should be explained to the operators in time.
(4) Regular spot check and summary of improvement. Regularly check the project quality of each project, classify the problems found, hold regular quality analysis meetings, organize construction management personnel to analyze and summarize all kinds of problems, and formulate corrective and preventive measures for special projects. (5) Conduct internal acceptance. After the completion of the project, before delivery to the customer, the engineering department, marketing department and administration department will conduct a comprehensive acceptance of the project. For the problems found, the project manager will be informed in writing to rectify them in time, and the second internal inspection will be carried out when necessary. After the internal acceptance is passed, the project can only be delivered to Party A for acceptance, ensuring one-time acceptance.
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