1 green building concept
According to the definition of the concept of green building in the Evaluation Standard of Green Building issued in 2006, "Green building is a traditional building with high consumption, high pollution, high investment and low efficiency, which saves resources (energy, land, water and materials), protects the environment and reduces pollution, provides people with healthy, applicable and efficient use space" [/kloc-0] By changing the traditional extensive construction methods and modes, resources can be effectively utilized, environmental pollution can be reduced, and the sustainable development of construction industry can be realized. The key of green building is to use the least resources (land resources, water resources, building materials, energy), minimize the impact and pollution on the environment, and realize people's comfortable living. Inevitably, more green building measures mean an increase in cost, and the increase in cost means an increase in the difficulty of promotion. However, the long-term impact of green buildings, such as ecological value, is enormous. The government should walk in the forefront of the people, jump out of the small pattern, attach importance to the development and promotion of green buildings, and overcome the psychological gap between large investment in the early stage and possible negative returns in the later stage.
2 the development and present situation of green buildings in China
The concept of green building was developed by Paul? It was put forward by solari, and was gradually accepted by all countries in the world. China has also gradually formed its own green building evaluation system and norms and regulations to promote its development. First of all, a series of energy-saving laws and regulations such as People's Republic of China (PRC) Energy Conservation Law and Energy-saving Design Standard for Public Buildings have been promulgated. A series of green building evaluation standards have also been issued. 200 1 published "Technical Assessment Manual of Ecological Residential Buildings in China" was used to promote the development of green residential stations. The evaluation system of green Olympic buildings issued in 2003 is used to guide the green construction of Olympic venues. After that, the green building technical guidelines, green building evaluation signs and green building evaluation technical rules were issued, which marked the development of green buildings in China on the right track. According to their own characteristics, each province has formulated corresponding detailed rules for green building evaluation and measures to promote the development of green buildings [2]. In order to promote the large-scale development of green buildings, 20 12 "Evaluation Criteria for Green Small Towns" was issued. The scientific system of green small towns released on 20 15 has also been comprehensively and concretely deployed in many aspects, such as planning, resource utilization, energy utilization, water resource utilization, site utilization, publicity and protection. This year's "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" has clearly defined the goal of green building development: by 2020, all civil buildings will reach energy-saving standards, and the proportion of green buildings will reach half. The development of green buildings in China is a process of crossing the river by feeling the stones and starting from scratch. Thankfully, many buildings in China have obtained internationally recognized LEED gold certification [3], such as the energy-saving demonstration buildings of the Ministry of Science and Technology, which has to be said to be a great progress. Some well-known domestic housing enterprises have gradually abandoned the traditional extensive real estate development model and started to transform into a green and sustainable model. They gradually assume the corporate responsibility of protecting the environment. For example, Vanke, Gemdale, China Resources Land, Greenland, Country Garden and other enterprises have all entered the top ten green houses. In short, with the vigorous promotion of the country, the concept of green building is being valued by more and more real estate developers [4]. However, the development of green buildings in China is not optimistic. Although a number of buildings in China have obtained international green building certification, many real estate developers start from speculation and take the opportunity to raise housing prices, which is a gimmick. Often the development price of this kind of green building is quite high, and the later operation cost is also very expensive, and the core goal of its green building has not really been realized [5-6]. Moreover, at present, green buildings in China are mainly distributed in developed coastal cities and have not been widely promoted. China still has a long way to go before the real green buildings are fully covered.
3 the dilemma faced by the development of green buildings
3. 1 misunderstanding of green building
Ordinary people, even people in the construction industry and government management departments, have great misunderstandings and deviations about green buildings. They think that green building is to increase the coverage of green vegetation for buildings, or that real estate companies simply use the top green building technology at home and abroad to create an "aristocratic" architectural brand. In order to expand the market of green buildings, civilian prices and extensive demand are the driving forces. Now people's sense of distance to green buildings is suppressing the development of green buildings. In addition, in the process of green building management, it is serious for government departments to adopt rigid norms. The green concept does not run through the management process.
3.2 The relevant system is not perfect.
Although China has issued a series of laws and regulations to regulate the development of green buildings, it is still far from effective implementation. First of all, the evaluation criteria of green buildings in the code are vague and subjective; Secondly, there is a lack of detailed and strict management process, and there is some confusion in the management of green buildings by government departments; In addition, the rules and regulations promulgated by various departments are contradictory and divorced from reality.
3.3 Lack of strong incentives
At present, although green building contains great ecological value, its early investment is large and the investment payback period is long. In the market economy, such projects will inevitably be left out in the cold. Although the government tries to implement some adjustment levers such as tax reduction and incentives to promote the development of green buildings, these policies can not make developers get better benefits.
3.4 Insufficient technical and professional support
China's green building technology is in the primary stage, and the related supporting construction technology is not mature. If foreign technology is introduced, the high cost will discourage many companies interested in building energy efficiency. The construction of green building needs the cooperation of planning, design, construction and exploration. For designers, the workload will also increase greatly. At present, many designers do not have the knowledge literacy related to green building.
4 Measures and suggestions to promote the development of green buildings
4. 1 Accelerate the research and development of green building technology and the training of professionals.
First of all, give priority to the research of green building technology in scientific research institutes and adhere to the combination of Industry-University-Research; Secondly, strengthen exchanges with foreign technical institutions, learn from foreign advanced technologies, reduce the cost of green construction in China, and continuously improve China's technical level; Then, higher vocational colleges set up green building related majors to reserve forces for the future of green buildings. In addition, provide relevant training for construction industry personnel free of charge to strengthen their professional quality; Finally, green building related test sites can be added to the professional title qualification examination.
4.2 Promote the application of green building materials
The concept of green building is mainly to encourage the use of some new materials and technologies in construction projects, and to use energy-saving and emission-reducing building materials as much as possible in buildings. With the development of our society, there are more and more green building materials, which are often high-tech products processed by new technologies. These new materials not only have low cost, but also have the function of energy saving and emission reduction of green buildings. It can solve the problems existing in the convenience and construction of future buildings. Green buildings can solve the problems of environmental pollution and waste of resources that may exist in traditional buildings [5].
4.3 Power supply side excitation
The development mode of green building can not adapt to the socialist market mechanism, and needs the tangible hand of the government to promote it. First of all, the government should strengthen publicity and education to make the concept of green, energy saving, low carbon and environmental protection more deeply rooted in people's hearts. Only people's support can promote the demand for green buildings; Secondly, through the combination of finance, taxation and subsidies, improve the enthusiasm of the construction unit. Plan a reliable reward and punishment incentive scheme in advance, give honor and financial support to units with good performance, and give corresponding resignation to units with poor performance as a warning. It is worth noting that these policies must be implemented according to local conditions and local actual conditions [6].
4.4 Establish an effective green building market mechanism
Market is the most important hand to develop green buildings, and the large-scale production of green buildings needs the promotion of market mechanism. The government should strengthen information disclosure, inform consumers of the evaluation results of green building projects in the market, and let consumers make rational choices. At the same time, give developers financial support, so that they have more capital to open up the green building market. In order to scale up the green building market, a mature industrial chain must be formed, which requires government policy guidance and support [7].
In the development of construction industry and even our society, the popularization and application of green buildings is an inevitable trend. With the rapid development of China's social economy in recent years, the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious, so it is very necessary to apply green buildings in construction projects. Developing green buildings is of far-reaching significance to China's social and economic development, improving the environment and human health. In addition, green building is one of China's sustainable development strategies, and relevant functional departments should actively support the application of green building and give full play to its guiding role, thus laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of our society.
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