Unit 1 Review Content
Living in a country where people are masters of their own affairs.
First, the people's democratic dictatorship: the essence is that the people are masters of their own affairs.
1, truly extensive democracy
(1) state: the state is a tool for the economically dominant class to conduct class rule, and class nature is the fundamental attribute of the state.
(2) The national nature of our country: People's Republic of China (PRC) is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
(3) The greatest feature of the people's democratic dictatorship is that it practices democracy for the people who account for the overwhelming majority of the country's population and dictatorship for a very small number of hostile elements who are hostile to and undermine the socialist cause.
Advantages of democracy: universality (manifested in the universality of democratic rights and the universality of democratic subjects) and authenticity (manifested in the fact that the people's right to be masters of the country is guaranteed by systems, laws and materials, and the people can manage the country by themselves, and also manifested in the fact that with the economic development and social progress, the interests of the broad masses of people are increasingly fully realized)
(4) New dictatorship: dictatorship over a very small number of hostile elements who are hostile to and undermine the socialist cause.
(5) The essence of people's democratic dictatorship is that people are masters of their own affairs.
(6) The relationship between democracy and dictatorship: On the one hand, democracy and dictatorship are different and antagonistic. Democracy only applies to the people, and dictatorship applies to hostile forces. On the other hand, democracy and dictatorship complement each other and are prerequisites for each other. Democracy is the foundation of dictatorship, and dictatorship is the guarantee of democracy.
2, adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship is a just thing (the significance of adhering to the people's democratic dictatorship)
(1) Adhering to the people's democratic dictatorship is the foundation of our country.
(2) Adhering to the people's democratic dictatorship is the political guarantee of socialist modernization (P7) (Only by fully developing socialist democracy, ensuring that the people are masters of their own affairs, ensuring that the people enjoy a wide range of rights and freedoms according to law, and respecting and safeguarding human rights, can the people's enthusiasm for socialist modernization be mobilized. Only by upholding the dictatorship function of the state and cracking down on all hostile forces and elements that undermine socialist construction can we guarantee people's democracy and safeguard the long-term stability of the country. )
(3) Adhering to the people's democratic dictatorship has been given a new era and new content under the reform and opening up (including: the national function of serving socialist economic construction; Create a good domestic and international environment for reform, opening up and socialist modernization; Attach importance to the construction of the legal system and govern the country in accordance with the Constitution and laws; Develop people's democracy and strengthen the construction of democratic system. )
(4) It is just to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship.
Two. Political Rights and Duties: Criteria for Participation in Political Life
1, sacred rights and solemn obligations
(1) Political rights and freedoms enjoyed by citizens:
(1) the right to vote and to be elected (citizens' basic democratic rights are also the basis and symbol of citizens' participation in state management) (2) political freedom (freedom of speech, publication, assembly, association, procession and demonstration) (3) supervision (including the rights of criticism, suggestion, accusation, complaint and accusation). )
(2) Political obligations that citizens must fulfill:
(a) to safeguard national unity and national unity; (2) Abiding by the Constitution and laws; (3) safeguarding national security, honor and interests; (4) Military service and participation in military and civilian organizations.
2. Grasp the basic rules of participation in political life: When citizens participate in political life, exercise their political rights and perform their political obligations according to law, they should follow the following basic rules: (1) Adhere to the principle that all citizens are equal before the law (manifested in three aspects: citizens enjoy the rights stipulated by the Constitution and the law equally, and at the same time they must perform their obligations stipulated by the Constitution and the law equally; The legitimate rights of any citizen are protected; Any citizen's illegal and criminal acts will be punished by law. )
(2) Adhere to the principle of unity of rights and obligations (rights are the premise of obligations and obligations are the basis of rights).
The principle of the unity of rights and obligations requires: on the one hand, we should establish a sense of rights and cherish civil rights; On the other hand, we should also establish a sense of obligation and consciously fulfill our civic obligations.
(3) Adhere to the principle of combining individual interests with collective interests and national interests.
Third, political life: advocating democracy and legal system (this is the theme of socialist political civilization construction)
Composition of social life: political life, economic life and cultural life.
1. The main content of our political life
(1) Exercising political rights and fulfilling political obligations (the basic content of political life)
(2) Participate in social public management activities (an important part of political life)
(3) Participate in the construction of socialist political civilization (an organic part of political life)
(4) Pay attention to China's position and role in the international community (an indispensable part of political life).
2. How should middle school students participate in political life?
(1) To participate in political life, the role of political life must be made clear (political life, economic life and cultural life complement each other).
(2) To participate in political life, you need to learn political knowledge.
(3) Participation in political life depends on practice (the ways of citizens' participation in political life: participation in election activities, democratic supervision, democratic management, democratic decision-making activities, participation in political associations, etc. )
Lesson Two Political Participation of China Citizens
1. Democratic election: vote rationally.
1, the choice of election method
(1)① Direct election: the way that voters directly vote for electors.
Advantages: First, it can directly reflect public opinion and realize the wishes of voters; The second is to better mobilize the enthusiasm of citizens to participate in the management of state affairs; Third, it helps to strengthen the connection between voters and elected people.
Limitations: In the case of a large number of voters, the organization and technical work of direct elections are quite difficult, and the election cost is relatively high.
(2) Indirect election: first, voters elect their own representatives, and then they elect representatives of the representative organs at the next higher level or government leaders on behalf of voters.
Advantages: the election cost is relatively low and easy to organize.
Limitations: Affect the expression of voters' wishes.
③ Equal Election: The number of official candidates is equal to the number of candidates to be elected.
Advantages: The rationality of the election structure can be fully considered.
Limitation: To some extent, it limits the free choice of voters and affects their enthusiasm.
④ Differential election: the number of formal candidates is more than the number of candidates to be elected.
Advantages: It provides choices for voters to exercise their right to vote, and it also forms corresponding competition among elected people.
Limitations: If competition is not standardized, it will easily lead to false propaganda and money transactions.
(2) The main factors affecting the election mode: socio-economic system, material living conditions and the education level of voters.
(3) Election method adopted in China: Based on the national conditions of China, China will adopt a combination of direct election and indirect election for a long time.
3. Cherish your right to vote.
(1) Significance of citizens' participation in democratic elections: Only by exercising the right to vote can we better manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs.
(2) The attitude of citizens to participate in democratic elections: positive and serious.
(3) How should citizens exercise their right to vote: On the basis of comprehensive consideration and rational judgment, solemnly cast a rational vote.
Second, democratic decision-making: making the best choice
1, the way to participate in democratic decision-making
(1) social situation and public opinion reflection system (2) expert consultation system
(3) Social publicity system for major events (4) Social hearing system.
2. The significance of citizens' participation in democratic decision-making: (1) It is conducive to scientific decision-making (it is conducive to decision-makers to fully carry forward democracy, deeply understand people's feelings, fully reflect public opinion, widely concentrate people's wisdom, and earnestly cherish people's strength; It is helpful for decision makers to take the fundamental interests of the people as the starting point and the end result of decision-making, enhance the scientific nature of decision-making and avoid one-sidedness of decision-making. )
(2) It is conducive to the effective implementation of decision-making (it helps to promote citizens' understanding of decision-making, improve the consciousness of implementing decision-making, and promote the implementation of decision-making)
(3) It is conducive to cultivating and improving the ability to participate in decision-making (the practice of participating in democratic decision-making is also conducive to improving citizens' enthusiasm and confidence in participating in public affairs, exercising their ability to participate in decision-making, and enhancing their sense of political responsibility for caring about public life).
Third, democratic management: * * Create a happy life
1, the most extensive democratic practice: rural villagers' autonomy and urban residents' autonomy.
(1) The nature of the villagers' committee: the grass-roots mass self-governing organizations of villagers' self-management, self-education and self-service are institutions for villagers to manage village affairs democratically.
(2) Villagers' democratic management of village affairs: ① Direct election of village committee cadres ② Participation in villagers' meetings ③ Formulation and observance of villagers' autonomy regulations or village rules and regulations ④ Open village affairs, democratic appraisal of village cadres and periodic reports of village committees.
(3) The nature of neighborhood committees: democratic management institutions for self-management, self-education and self-service of urban residents are self-governing organizations of urban residents.
2.* * * Building a peaceful and civilized community
(1) Significance of implementing rural villagers' autonomy and urban residents' autonomy: expanding grassroots democracy, ensuring people to manage their own affairs according to law, and creating their own happy lives are the most extensive and profound practice of socialist democracy and the basic work of developing socialist democracy.
(2) Middle school students need to have the experience of participating in democratic management: P26
Fourth, democratic supervision: guarding the public's homeland.
1, choose the way of democratic supervision.
(1) Citizens' right to supervise and its specific contents: the right to criticize and suggest, the right to appeal, the right to report and the right to accuse.
(2) There are many legal channels for citizens to exercise their right of supervision:
(1) Petition system (important way and effective method)
(2)NPC representatives contact with the masses system.
③ Public opinion supervision system
(4) Supervision hearing, democratic appraisal meeting, government online appraisal, etc.
2. Exercise the right of supervision responsibly.
(1) The significance of democratic supervision: it is conducive to eliminating corruption, overcoming bureaucracy and unhealthy practices, and improving the work of state organs and their staff; Conducive to safeguarding national interests and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens; It is conducive to inspiring citizens to care about state affairs and creating a sense of ownership for socialist modernization.
(2) How to exercise the right of supervision
On the one hand, citizens should dare to fight against evil forces and make good use of the supervision power entrusted by the Constitution and laws.
On the other hand, exercise democratic supervision responsibly and exercise rights according to law (how to exercise supervision responsibly: We are required to adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and truthfully reflect the situation when exercising our rights to appeal, accuse and expose according to law, and we cannot fabricate, distort facts, falsely accuse or frame others; We are also required not to create troubles in the name of reporting, not to interfere with the normal work of procuratorial organs, not to contain or attack state organs, and not to intercept official vehicles. )
3. Orderly and disorderly political participation.
(1) Important contents of citizens' participation in political life: democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision are carried out according to law. The difference between orderly and disorderly participation in politics lies in: whether to participate in democratic elections, democratic decision-making and democratic supervision in accordance with laws, rules and procedures; Whether to exercise political rights and fulfill political obligations according to law; Whether to correctly handle the relationship between rights and obligations.
Unit 2 the government serves the people
Lesson 3 Our government is the people's government.
1, government functions: management and service
Nature of government: Our government is the executive organ of state power, the executor of people's will and the defender of people's interests.
The functions of the government:
(1) The function of safeguarding people's democracy and maintaining the long-term stability of the country (combating and punishing crimes and protecting the rights and interests of the country or citizens).
② Functions of organizing socialist economic construction (economic adjustment, market supervision, social management and public services, among which "public services" are used to promote social and economic development, improve productivity and people's living standards).
(3) the function of organizing socialist cultural construction (propaganda, theory or spirit, science, teaching, culture, health, sports and other undertakings)
(4) the function of providing social public services (public infrastructure, cultural and health facilities construction, medical care, social security, family planning, natural environment protection, etc.). )
2. Limitations of government functions (how should the government exercise its own functions): The government undertakes important functions, not doing everything for the government. There are some things that the government cannot and should not do. Only when the government earnestly performs its functions and really manages its own affairs can all positive factors be mobilized most extensively and fully, so that all sources of creating social wealth can fully flow in and benefit the people.
3. The role of the government (why do we say that our government is a government that facilitates the people and benefits the people): On the one hand, people's public life is managed by the government; On the other hand, people enjoy public services provided by the government.
4. Government responsibility: responsible to the people.
The aim of the government is to serve the people. The basic principle of work is to be responsible to the people.
Requirements of being responsible to the people:
(1) Adhere to the working attitude of serving the people.
(2) Establish a pragmatic work style.
(3) Adhere to the working methods of coming from the masses and going among the masses.
Ways for citizens to seek help: units, social organizations, and governments (setting up hotlines, developing e-government, setting up petition departments, and establishing administrative arbitration, administrative reconsideration, and administrative litigation systems).
National Nature-Government Nature-Government Function-Working Purpose and Principles
Our government is supervised by the people.
First, the government's rights: exercise according to law.
1. Administration according to law means that the government and its public officials must exercise their power in accordance with the Constitution and laws.
2. The fundamental or essence of administration according to law is to adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people and the principle of being responsible to the people.
3, the specific requirements of administration according to law-legal administration, reasonable administration, due process, efficient and convenient, honest and trustworthy, unified powers and responsibilities.
4. Reasons for administration according to law:-It is the basic requirement for implementing the general plan of governing the country according to law and improving the level of administration.
5, the significance of administration according to law:
(1) is conducive to safeguarding people's rights and freedoms.
(2) It is conducive to strengthening the construction of a clean government, ensuring that government officials do not deteriorate and enhancing government authority.
③ Prevent the abuse of administrative power and improve the level of administrative management.
It is conducive to driving the whole society to respect, abide by and safeguard the law and promote the construction of socialist democracy and legal system. P44
6. How to improve the level of government administration according to law? P44
① Strengthen legislative work, improve the quality of legislation, and strictly regulate administrative law enforcement.
(2) Establish a law enforcement system with clear powers and responsibilities to ensure that administrative power is granted according to law, exercised in a standardized manner and effectively supervised.
③ Strengthen the construction of administrative law enforcement team, promote strict, fair and civilized law enforcement, and constantly improve the ability and level of law enforcement.
Deepen the reform of the administrative management system, and strive to form an administrative management system with standardized behavior, coordinated operation, fairness, transparency, honesty and smallness.
Second, the exercise of power: the need for supervision
1. Why should we supervise government power? The necessity of supervising government power?
The government of our country is the government of the people, and the power of the government is endowed by the people. Power is a double-edged sword. If used well, it will benefit the people. If abused, it will breed corruption and cause endless harm. In order to prevent the abuse of power, it is necessary to supervise the government power and ensure that the rights given by the people are used to benefit the people.
2. How to supervise (how to establish and improve the restriction and supervision mechanism)?
The key is to establish and improve the restriction and supervision mechanism, which depends on democracy and the rule of law.
② Establish a perfect administrative supervision system: supervision by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, democratic supervision by CPPCC, supervision by the news media and the public, supervision by the masses through legal channels, supervision by judicial organs and supervision within the government system.
3. What is the significance of the government accepting supervision?
The government's acceptance of supervision is a necessary guarantee for adhering to administration according to law and doing a good job.
(1) Improve administrative management level and work efficiency, and reduce and prevent work mistakes.
(2) prevent abuse of power, prevent corruption such as abuse of power for personal gain and trading of power and money, and ensure integrity.
Only in this way can we make the right decision.
Only in this way can we truly serve the people and be responsible for them.
4. The reasons and functions of establishing the government information disclosure system (Sunshine Project) are: first, standardizing the administrative law enforcement behavior of the government and its public officials; second, protecting people's rights and interests.
The significance of making public red-headed documents: it is conducive to enhancing the transparency of government work and facilitating the masses to strengthen supervision over government work; Conducive to the masses to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests; It is conducive to resolving social contradictions and maintaining social stability.
The authority of the government is fundamentally determined by the nature of the country. Whether the government's management is consciously recognized and obeyed by the people is the fundamental symbol to distinguish authoritative government from non-authoritative government.
Lesson 5 China's Fundamental Political System
-The system of people's congresses.
Box 1:
(1) All power in China and People's Republic of China (PRC) belongs to the people.
(2) How do people exercise the power to manage the country? The organs where the people exercise state power are the National People's Congress and local people's congresses at various levels. . The people directly or indirectly elect deputies to the National People's Congress. They form organs of state power at all levels, exercise state power uniformly on behalf of the people, and decide all major affairs at all levels and at local levels. The organs of power produce administrative, judicial, procuratorial and other organs, and specifically exercise the rights to manage the country and society.
(3) The highest organ of state power: the National People's Congress.
(4) The functions and powers of the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee: exercising the highest legislative power, decision-making power, appointment and removal power and supervision power.
(5) Functions of local people's congresses at various levels: organs where people exercise state power within their administrative areas, discuss and decide on major issues within their administrative areas, and supervise their implementation.
(6) Members of state power organs and their formation: deputies to the National People's Congress are democratically elected.
(7) Duties of deputies to the National People's Congress: assisting in the implementation of the Constitution and laws, keeping close contact with the people, listening to and reflecting their opinions and demands, striving to serve the people, being responsible to the people and accepting their supervision.
(8) The functions and powers of deputies to the National People's Congress: deliberating bills, voting on decisions, making suggestions and making inquiries.
Box 2:
(1) regime: the organizational form of a country's political organs.
(2) China's political system: the people's congress system.
(3) The most important feature of the organization and activities of China's political system is the practice of democratic centralism.
(4) the performance of democratic centralism: the relationship between the NPC and the people. Deputies to the people's congresses are democratically elected, accountable to and supervised by the people; The relationship between the people's congress and other state organs is that only the people's congress is the organ of state power, and the state administrative organs and judicial organs are all produced by the people's congress, responsible for it and supervised by it; The relationship between the central and local state organs is under the unified leadership of the central government, and the functions and powers of the central and local state organs are reasonably divided, giving full play to the "two enthusiasm".
(5) The most striking feature of China's socialist democracy is the people's congress system. This is determined by the nature of the people's democratic dictatorship as a socialist country.
(6) The basic content of the people's congress system. All rights of the state belong to the people; The people elect deputies on the basis of universal suffrage and form people's congresses at all levels as organs of state power; Other state organs are created by state power organs to exercise their respective functions and powers according to law; Principles of organization and activities of democratic centralism.
(7) Advantages of the people's congress system: This system takes the people as the masters of the country as its purpose, which truly guarantees the people's participation in state management and fully embodies the people's will and interests.
(8) Practice has proved that the people's congress system is a good system suitable for China's national conditions, and it is the achievement and historical choice of China people's struggle. Adhere to and improve the people's congress system.
Note: A: Why should we uphold and improve the people's congress system? This question includes (5), (6), (7) and (8) above.
Lesson 6: Political Party System in China
Box 1:
(1) How was the leadership and ruling position of China * * * Production Party established? This is a historical choice and is determined by the nature and purpose of the party. The nature of the Party is the political party of the working class, the vanguard of the working class, the vanguard of the people of China and the Chinese nation, and the purpose of the Party is to serve the people wholeheartedly.
(2) Enhance the Party's ruling ability: adhere to scientific, democratic and legal ruling, and constantly improve the Party's leadership and ruling style. (3) The meaning of scientific governance, democratic governance and legal governance.
Scientific governance: It is to follow the ruling law of the productive party, the law of socialist construction and the law of human social development, and lead the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics with scientific ideas, systems and methods.
Democratic governance: it means persisting in governing for the people and for the people, supporting and guaranteeing the people to be masters of their own affairs, upholding and improving the people's democratic dictatorship, upholding and improving democratic centralism, developing inner-party democracy to drive people's democracy, and expanding the broadest patriotic United front.
Rule of law: It means persisting in governing the country according to law, leading legislation, taking the lead in obeying the law, ensuring law enforcement, and constantly promoting the legalization and standardization of the country's economic, political, cultural and social life.
(4) The relationship between the three ruling modes: ruling by law is the basic way for China's * * * production party to rule. Scientific governance and democratic governance should be embodied by governing according to law, and also guaranteed by governing according to law. Ruling by law is conducive to ensuring that the party always plays the leading core role of commanding the overall situation and coordinating all parties.
(5) Why do you insist that the China * * * production party is the leading core of the socialist cause?
Only by adhering to the leadership of the production party of China can we always maintain the socialist direction of modernization; Only in this way can we safeguard national unity and national unity and create a stable social environment for socialist modernization. Only in this way can we fully mobilize all positive factors and do a good job in socialist modernization.
Box 2:
(1) Theory of Three Represents's concentrated summary: China * * * Production Party always represents the development requirements of advanced productive forces; Representing the orientation of advanced culture; Represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people
(2) Theory of Three Represents's historical achievements: two answers.
Answered the questions of what socialism is and how to build it, and creatively answered the questions of what kind of party to build and how to build it under the new historical conditions. Together, we have deepened our understanding of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Always achieving "Theory of Three Represents" is the foundation of the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s party building, the foundation of his administration and the source of his strength.
(3) Establish Theory of Three Represents as the guiding ideology foundation of the Party: the foundation of building the Party, the foundation of being in power and the source of strength.
(4) How to implement Theory of Three Represents: The key is to keep pace with the times; The core is to uphold the advanced nature of the party. The essence is to build the party for the public and govern for the people. To practice Theory of Three Represents, we must persist in taking the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and the end result of all work.
Box 3:
(1) China's characteristic political party system: the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by China's * * * production party.
(2) Friendly and cooperative relations: China's * * * production party is the ruling party, and the democratic parties are participating parties.
(3) The political basis of multi-party cooperation: adhere to the leadership of China * * * Production Party and the Four Cardinal Principles.
(4) The basic principles of multi-party cooperation: long-term survival, mutual supervision, treating each other with sincerity and sharing weal and woe.
(5) The fundamental activity criterion of multi-party cooperation: observing the Constitution and laws.
(6) An important institution of multi-party cooperation: CPPCC.
(7) The above six points answered the content of the political party system in China.
(8) Advantages of the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system under the leadership of China * * * Production Party: it is conducive to promoting the construction of socialist political civilization; Conducive to promoting the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization; Conducive to the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland.
Note: A: Why should we adhere to the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the * * * production party? Answer not only the superiority, but also the other two points, ***5 points (penultimate paragraph on page 7/kloc-0 and paragraph on page 73).
Lesson 7: China's system of regional ethnic autonomy and religious policies.
Box 1:
(1) New socialist ethnic relations: equality, unity and mutual assistance.
(2) The basic principles of dealing with ethnic relations in China: ethnic equality, ethnic unity and common prosperity of all ethnic groups.
(3) The first principle in dealing with ethnic relations: ethnic equality (meaning, basis and status of ethnic equality).
(4) The important principle of dealing with ethnic relations is national unity. (The meaning, significance and position of national unity)
(5) the fundamental principle of dealing with ethnic relations, adhere to the national * * and prosperity (the meaning, reasons and status of national * * and prosperity).
(6) Deal well with the relationship between the three basic principles of ethnic relations: ethnic equality is the political basis of national unity, ethnic equality and national unity are the premise of realizing the common prosperity of all ethnic groups, and prosperity is the material guarantee of ethnic equality and national unity.
Box 2:
(1) The meaning of the system of regional ethnic autonomy: under the unified leadership of the state, regional autonomy is practiced in areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities, and organs of self-government are set up to exercise autonomy.
(2) Third-level ethnic autonomous areas: autonomous regions/autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties.
(3) organs of national self-government: people's congresses and people's governments in autonomous areas.
(4) The core content of the system of regional ethnic autonomy: autonomy.
(5) Advantages of the system of regional ethnic autonomy: it is conducive to maintaining national unity and security; It is conducive to safeguarding the rights of ethnic minority people to be masters of their own affairs; Conducive to the development of socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity and mutual assistance; Is conducive to promoting the vigorous development of socialist modernization.
Pay attention to answering why we should adhere to and improve the system of autonomy in ethnic areas. There are two major aspects to answer, one is determined by historical reality, and the other is his sense of superiority.
Box 3:
(1) How to fully understand China's religious policy: the policy of freedom of religious belief; Manage religious affairs according to law; Adhere to the principle of independence and self-management, and actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society.
(2) The accurate connotation of freedom of religious belief: citizens have the freedom to believe or not, what kind of faith, which faction and when to believe.
(3) Connotation of managing religious affairs according to law: The government manages religious affairs involving national interests and social interests according to law, so as to protect the legitimate rights and interests of religious circles and normal religious activities, stop and crack down on illegal and criminal activities carried out by using religion, and resist the use of foreign forces. Lesson 9: Maintaining world peace and promoting common development.
Box 1
(1) The theme of today's era: peace and development.
(2) The issue of peace refers to safeguarding world peace and preventing a new world war.
(3) Peace should become the mainstream of the times: because after World War II, the growth of peace factors exceeded the growth of war factors.
(4) The main restless factors affecting the world peace today: hegemonism and power politics; Ethnic and religious contradictions; Border and territorial disputes.
(5) The basic situation of the current international situation: overall peace and local war; Overall relaxation, local tension; Global stability and local turbulence.
(6) Development: refers to the development of the world economy, especially the economic development of developing countries.
(7) The development trend of today's world: economic globalization, focusing on improving quality, knowledge-based economy in the ascendant, focusing on sustainable economic development.
(8) The problems existing in the development of the world today and their causes: the gap between the rich and the poor in developing countries and developed countries is getting bigger and bigger, and the development between North and South is unbalanced; The fundamental reason is the unjust and irrational old international economic order.
(9) The main obstacles to solving the problems of world peace and development are hegemonism and power politics.
(10) Establishing a new international order based on the Five Principles of Peace: Four Guarantees ". It is to guarantee the right of sovereign equality and non-interference in internal affairs of all countries, the right of all countries to participate in international affairs on an equal footing, the right of all countries, especially developing countries, to develop on an equal footing, and the right of all ethnic groups and civilizations to develop together.
Box 2:
(1) The outstanding feature of today's international situation is that world multipolarization is developing in twists and turns.
(2) Factors leading to multipolarization of the international pattern: the old bipolar pattern has been broken; There are new divisions and combinations of various forces in the world; The relations between major powers have undergone major and profound adjustments.
(3) How to understand the various forces in the world: the United States strives to maintain its status as the only superpower; Japan and Germany strive to rank among the political powers; China unswervingly takes the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics; Developing countries are the main force in promoting the establishment of a new international order.
(4) The long-term focus of international struggle in 21century: the contradiction between unipolar and multipolar, the struggle between hegemony and anti-hegemony.
(5) The essence of today's international competition is the contest of comprehensive national strength based on economic and scientific and technological strength.
(6) Why should China enhance its comprehensive national strength? How to enhance comprehensive national strength? Development is the last word. It is fundamental for China to stand on its own feet among the nations of the world, vigorously accelerate the process of socialist modernization, build a well-off society with a high level in an all-round way, and enhance its national strength. At present, we should implement Scientific Outlook on Development and realize leap-forward development, especially focus on developing science and technology, improving national quality, enhancing comprehensive national strength and actively participating in international cooperation and competition.