The scale and location of the accident, and the possibility of casualties and damage under the current safety standards; The possible impact range of the event on the surface, buildings or economic activities; The severity of the impact of the accident on the ground, buildings or economic activities.
These factors are important because engineers, planners and decision makers often pay little attention to potential disasters that are unlikely, uncertain or not serious.
Unfortunately, these three kinds of information often come from different sources and appear in different names, some are quantitative and accurate, and some are qualitative and general. For disaster information that meets the above conditions, non-professionals must be able to extract information about the possibility, location and severity of disasters, so as to have a correct understanding of the dangers, and be able to pass on these dangerous information to others, and directly use these information to reduce the threat of disasters.
● Safety information
For managers and municipal officials, safety is the most important. For those people who live in catastrophic debris flow areas prone to high-speed movements, what they need most is information about the possibility of disasters. For example, in the process of rainstorm, if it is on the circulation path of debris flow, when is it most dangerous? When should we start to evacuate the dangerous area, or forbid entering the dangerous area? Safety information is also important for slow-moving landslides, because this type of landslide will cut off power lines and natural gas pipelines, leading to fire, electric shock death and gas poisoning.
Establish a disaster information system
Disaster information is also very valuable to the community. With this information, some factors leading to landslides can be avoided before they happen. This kind of information will be discussed in the third chapter "Concept and implementation method of landslide disaster prevention measures".
The establishment of safety education and information system can be realized among community residents in different ways. The following is the content of establishing the system, the inspection method of establishing the system, and the list of potential areas where engineering activities may cause landslide problems.
Examples of disaster warning signs The following figures (Figure 2.4, Figure 2.5 and Figure 2.6) show some simple warning signs that can be set in dangerous areas. This information can also be used for emergency management policies of cities or communities.
Local governments can publicize landslide disasters through newspapers, magazines or advertisements; Distribute brochures from house to house or give demonstrations in public places; Community meetings and discussions; Posting posters in conspicuous places such as public buildings and markets; Broadcast by radio, television, loudspeakers or other means; Public lectures are presided over by experts or other officials; Post notices in dangerous areas where disasters are about to happen, telling people the types of disasters and reminding people to be more careful. For example, set warning signs at the tunnel side of falling rocks; In areas with low education level, it is also a very effective method to explain orally with pictures, photos and disaster schematic diagrams, and pictures can replace thousands of words; Telephone book-in areas where telephones are popular, municipal numbers related to disasters are listed in the telephone book, including the numbers of engineering disposal, emergency organization, public security bureau or fire brigade; If possible, publish safety information, emergency contact number and e-mail address on the municipal internet; Through the working committee composed of personnel from different departments and/or professional organizations, the local landslide disaster problem is determined together. National Geological Survey or local geological survey departments, universities' colleges of geology or engineering, and private geotechnical engineering companies can provide specialized personnel in these areas, and if possible, entrust local governments or contract professional and technical personnel to provide local surveying and mapping services; Implement public education and disaster information system construction through community meetings, city meetings or other meetings; Adopt and implement appropriate land use policies through consultation with land owners, developers, buyers and sellers. One way is to force the disclosure of geological disasters when the real estate is resold, so that new buyers can fully understand any disaster-related problems when purchasing land; Monitor unstable slopes and take appropriate measures (refer to "Disaster Reduction" in this manual); Building blocks and drainage systems that meet local safety requirements and practices; Looking for public safety projects, large-scale government infrastructure projects and public facilities improvement plans; Understand all insurance projects and support policies, and understand the responsibilities and powers of local governments in public safety and welfare; Make community emergency response plan, consult neighboring towns or communities with disaster response experience, and analyze its effectiveness for their own use.
Please refer to Appendix B for examples of basic safety information about mudslides and other types of landslides suitable for posting and distributing in public places.