In the past, most people thought that the disease originated from mental factors and personality defects. In recent years, it has been found that genetic factors are more obvious.
(1) Heredity: According to the family survey, about 5% ~ 7% of patients' parents suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is much higher than the general population. In addition, because personality characteristics are mainly influenced by heredity, personality characteristics play a certain role in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which also suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to heredity. Clinically, it is also observed that about 2/3 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder have obsessive-compulsive personality before they get sick. Obsessive personality is characterized by timidity, caution, indecision, seriousness and rigidity, methodical work, meticulous attention to detail and love of cleanliness.
(2) Psychosocial factors: Psychoanalysis believes that obsessive-compulsive disorder is the further development of obsessive-compulsive personality. Behaviorists believe that obsessive-compulsive disorder is caused by excessive repetition of stimulus-response, which leads to anxiety, excitement disorder and central nervous system inhibition, which leads to the formation of abnormal habits, the establishment of pathological knowledge and reflection, and makes impulse, thinking and action stick to a fixed behavioral learning model.
During adolescence, the physiological development is rapid, and maladjustment in intense social interaction will cause obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Work stress, family disharmony and unhappy life of husband and wife will make patients nervous for a long time and finally induce obsessive-compulsive disorder. The content of symptoms is related to the content of psychological and social factors faced by patients. Accidents, death of family members and severe blows can also make patients anxious, nervous and fearful, and induce obsessive-compulsive disorder. The manifestations of symptoms are directly related to mental trauma.
(3) Biochemistry: Some people think that the decrease of 5-HT nervous system activity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder leads to obsessive-compulsive disorder, and drugs that increase 5-HT biochemical transmitters can treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Often being late for work or obsessive-compulsive disorder teaches you how to avoid it.
A friend said that his colleagues called him "the first king". Later, he changed the alarm clock from 7: 00 to 6: 30, but it didn't help. I found that he always looked in the mirror before going out to see if his shirt was flat, and repeatedly checked the socket, gas and window ... even if he got up early, it only increased the number of inspections. Such people always set mandatory procedures for themselves, and only after completing this procedure can they do another thing in a down-to-earth manner. Usually, we classify it as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
In addition, some people who love to be late are another kind of compulsion. Set a "bottom line" for themselves, and they will watch their watches come out. If the preset time is 7: 30, even at 7: 24, they can't go out. Once you encounter an emergency on the road, it is inevitable to be late. Job burnout is also a major reason for being late, especially those who make excuses for being late. The survey also showed that 1/5 latecomers fabricated stories to explain their lateness. Among them, some stories are extremely bizarre, such as "I dreamed that I was fired, so I didn't get up in a hurry" and "I didn't find a suitable tie, so I bought one after the store opened". This reflects that they are dissatisfied with the boring work, or they have not been relieved in time after encountering difficulties, and they subconsciously reject the work.
So, how to avoid being late?
Learn to arrange time. Make a strict timetable, post it everywhere, clearly mark the work schedule or friends' appointment, and leave enough time for preparation.
Empathy. Put yourself in the position of "victim" How do you feel when you are forced to wait? Maybe you will understand the importance of respecting others.
Do more psychological adjustment. Everything goes with the flow: the house seems untidy, so let it be messy; My hair is a little dirty, so bear with it. In the long run, if you overcome your anxiety, you will be less late.
My warm reminder: The above is a detailed introduction to "often being late for work or psychological obsessive-compulsive disorder". I believe that everyone has a certain understanding of this now. If you are also the king of lateness, you might as well try the above methods, which will definitely avoid psychological compulsion and stop being late for work.
Do you have password obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Real case
Xiao Ming has nearly a hundred passwords at present, and he is often troubled by unclear memory. Whenever he wants to enter the password, his mind is like a mess, and he has no clue. The more he thinks about it, the more headache he has.
Since the first two months, Xiao Ming's mind has been filled with a lot of messy passwords, and he often feels backache, poor sleep and even affects his work.
Every day when Xiao Ming comes to the company to open the computer prompt, he must first enter the password; You also need to enter a password to check your email. Open the wallet, there are 9 bank cards in it, each card has inquiry password and transaction password, as well as online banking password, transaction "U shield" password and telephone banking password.
In addition, Xiaoming has daily communication tools such as credit card, stock fund card, shopping mall membership card, QQ, MSN, Fetion, and passwords of websites such as Taobao, Joyo and Dangdang. With a pinch of fingers, he has almost 70 passwords. And these are all passwords that need to be used frequently in daily life.
To tell the truth, it is not easy to remember so many passwords. However, Xiao Ming has a strong memory. He usually remembers the house numbers and mobile phone numbers of some friends, and he can "pick them up casually" by memory. But now these passwords are much more difficult to remember than mobile phone numbers. Moreover, the password length required by each family is different, some are long and some are short. Some must be numbers, some must be interspersed with letters, some require passwords to be case-sensitive, and even some passwords are best mixed with symbols such as numbers and even horizontal lines.
After a long time, it will be strange if there is no problem. Xiaoming used a bank credit card to buy things in a supermarket last week. As a result, he entered the wrong password twice in a row and was sweating with anxiety. Finally, he could only call his wife for help, but he still entered the wrong password for the third time and had no choice but to give up buying. And in the last two days, he always couldn't figure out which is the QQ password, which is the MSN password and which is the Fetion password. Sometimes the password has been fixed, and when logging in, the system shows that it is logged in from a different place or there is a risk of theft. Suggest that he change a new password. The new password can't be the same as the previous password, and as a result, he has to take pains to think about the new password, which is annoying! Now he needs to enter a password every time he logs in, but he can't remember which password it is. When he remembers it, he has a headache and often has nightmares.
The other night, Xiao Ming had a nightmare about "password". He stood at the door and rang the doorbell. Computer voice prompt: Please enter the password. He entered a password, and the computer said that the password was wrong. I lost another one, but it's still wrong. At this time, he saw his wife standing at the door, and quickly begged: I am your husband, open the door and let me in. The wife said coldly, please enter the password. ...
Spiritual navigation
There are more and more "obsessive-compulsive disorder" in modern urbanites, such as computer obsessive-compulsive disorder, mobile phone obsessive-compulsive disorder and password obsessive-compulsive disorder. As can be seen from the above cases, Xiao Ming is a typical password obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The so-called "password obsessive-compulsive disorder", as the name implies, means that people often forget their passwords, feel mentally exhausted, trance, and even have serious psychological obstacles. Many patients have obsessive-compulsive disorder because they have to remind themselves to remember their passwords frequently. Others are often troubled by the difficulty of passwords. They are too simple and easy to remember, but they are afraid of being stolen. If they are too difficult to remember, they will become anxious and worried over time.
According to historical records, passwords originated in Greece. In 404 BC, after the commander-in-chief of Sparta North Road conquered Athens, the emissary of our country arrived and presented a belt with words on it, informing the enemy that he was trying to cut off his retreat. Lysander made a decisive decision and led his troops out of danger lightly.
In the 4th century A.D., there appeared a primary password to hide the contents of letters in Greece. At the end of the Middle Ages, in order to break through the shackles of the feudal system on free love, the Spanish people and young men and women of the aristocratic class had to adopt various forms of secret communication, which led to the emergence of various original passwords.
With the frequent use of passwords in more and more fields in daily life, complex password information is increasingly puzzling modern urbanites. And in some media, "experts" often come out to remind people: "Passwords should be changed frequently; Avoid using mobile phone numbers, birthdays, etc. " As a result, this psychological defense mechanism is becoming more and more fragile and nervous under the pressure of competition, and anxiety and fear often plague people. Obviously, "password obsessive-compulsive disorder" is caused by the fast pace of modern society and the rapid development of digitalization.
There is another kind of person who may have been cracked by others, so under the psychological effect of "once bitten, twice shy", all personal information is set with passwords, whether it is necessary or not.
Because the password is confusing, there will be symptoms such as depression and anxiety; In severe cases, it is accompanied by symptoms such as headache, dizziness and neurasthenia. In fact, these are all psychological obstacles caused by forced memory, and they are abnormal manifestations of excessive psychological defense consciousness. If it is not properly adjusted, "password obsessive-compulsive disorder" may evolve into a harmful emotion. Once it breaks out, it will lead to serious psychological diseases such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Psychological prescription
Strengthen self-regulation: ensure adequate sleep, pay attention to self-exercise of personality, sincerely trust others, and overcome bad characters such as being too cautious, indecisive and timid.
Pay attention to environmental transformation: create a relaxed, rich and regular living environment and living system, and restore and maintain a good functional state of the cerebral cortex.
Adequate and reasonable encryption: Setting passwords according to the importance of information can properly classify and set passwords of different information and simplify complex problems. For example, similar passwords related to financial management are set to odd numbers, and passwords related to social life information are set to even numbers. In addition, you can also use the most primitive and simple method to record all passwords in a notebook and back them up in a computer folder.
If the condition is serious, you need to take some drugs properly under the guidance of a doctor to eliminate tension.
What methods can prevent obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Some people's behavior is always controlled by some ideas, such as washing hands repeatedly and counting. Although they themselves know that these behaviors are completely unnecessary, they still can't help themselves to stop them. In fact, this is a common obsessive-compulsive disorder.
What methods can prevent obsessive-compulsive disorder? Beijing psychological counseling experts answer for you:
First, pay attention to the cultivation of personality from an early age, and don't give yourself too many rigid requirements; It is of great help to prevent the occurrence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, especially for people with bad parents.
Second, participate in group activities and cultural and sports activities, engage in ideal and interesting work, and cultivate hobbies in life; In order to establish new exciting points to suppress pathological exciting points.
Third, pay attention to mental health, study hard the methods and skills of actively coping with various pressures, enhance self-confidence, do not avoid difficulties, and cultivate the psychological quality of daring to endure hardships and setbacks.
Fourth, realize the prevention of obsessive-compulsive disorder in daily diet. People who lack nutrition will not only suffer from physical diseases, but also provide opportunities for mental diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, choosing a good diet menu can indirectly prevent the occurrence of such diseases. For example, spinach is rich in magnesium, vitamin C, a lot of iron and folic acid. Proper consumption can relax people's body and mind and drive away depression; Banana contains a substance called alkaloid, which can cheer up the spirit and improve confidence. In addition, it is a reliable source of tryptamine and vitamin B6, which can help the brain to produce serotonin, reduce anxiety and make the brain nerves calm and happy.
Where does obsessive-compulsive disorder come from?
I believe you have heard of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and we can often see people with obsessive-compulsive disorder in film and television works. For example, howard hughes, the protagonist in the documentary Voyager starring Leonardo DiCaprio, tried many times to overcome this feeling, but failed because the handle of the public toilet was dirty. In fact, the lifetime prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder is as high as 1.6%, and the number of patients in the world is as high as 50 million, which has made it a very common mental illness. It is not difficult for patients to return to normal life if they can receive regular treatment in time and overcome their inner compulsion.
Why does someone get obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Because severe obsessive-compulsive disorder will directly lead to the impairment of patients' social skills and the decline of their work, study and life abilities, obsessive-compulsive disorder has long been listed as one of the top ten diseases that seriously affect people's quality of life and income by the World Health Organization. Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients repeatedly have conflicting obsessive-compulsive concepts and anti-compulsive concepts, which will lead to a series of obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and the serious conflict between obsessive-compulsive concepts and anti-compulsive concepts will bring additional troubles to patients.
According to epidemiological data, male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder often develop in the late adolescence, while female patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder often develop at the age of 20. The incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents ranged from 2: 1 to 3: 1, while in adults it became 1: 1.4. Nevertheless, 0.25% children aged 5~ 15 also suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is similar to that of adults. Generally speaking, obsessive-compulsive disorder is not common after the age of 30, but many elderly people suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder (and obsessive-compulsive disorder in the elderly is often not diagnosed in time). According to rigorous genetic research, 45%~65% of children's obsessive-compulsive disorder is heritable, while 27%~47% of adults' obsessive-compulsive disorder is heritable. First-degree relatives (parents, children, brothers and sisters) of patients often have the same risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Unfortunately, like most other mental diseases, the cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder is still difficult to fully understand. According to some current studies, obsessive-compulsive disorder has a significant relationship with abnormal activities in some parts of the brain (such as orbital prefrontal cortex), and the abnormal function of neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain is also likely to be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. The drug therapy for serotonin has also achieved remarkable results and has become one of the first choice drugs for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
What kind of symptom is obsessive-compulsive disorder?
However, although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is so common, it is a bit biased to regard some manifestations similar to obsessive-compulsive behavior around us as OCD. In the eyes of professional doctors, the manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder can be summarized into three cores: obsessive-compulsive concept, compulsive behavior and compulsive intention. For the specific performance of these three cores, we can refer to the following description:
Obsessive concept: Obsessive concept is an idea, representation or impulse that "invades" the brain in a rigid form. Obsessive-compulsive concept will bring great trouble to patients. Patients know that these concepts are unreasonable or even absurd, but they often can't get rid of them and fall into the conflict between compulsive and anti-compulsive concepts. Typical compulsive concepts include a) repeatedly questioning the correctness of what you have done or said ("compulsive doubt"), such as repeatedly asking yourself "Are the doors and windows really closed?" "Do you really have a key?" ; B) Memories of the past are involuntarily repeated in my mind, and I can't get rid of them, even if they are small and not worth remembering ("compulsive memory"); C) Rethink meaningless or unimportant things ("forced exhaustion"), such as "Why do eyebrows grow under the eyes?" ; D) Worry about unnecessary things repeatedly ("compulsive worry"), such as "Will I be hit by a car today?" .
Compulsive behavior: refers to the behavior driven by the compulsive concept in the mind, which is generally carried out to alleviate the pain caused by the compulsive concept. This behavior will be carried out in a direction that can reduce the concept of compulsion. Typical compulsive behaviors include a) examinations driven by compulsive suspicion or anxiety ("compulsive examination"), such as repeatedly checking whether doors and windows are closed and doors are locked; B) Because I feel that my surroundings are dirty, I wash my hands, clothes or furniture repeatedly ("forced washing"), and this behavior often stops after dozens of times; C) Uncontrolled counting of all countable items around you ("forced counting"), once the counting process is unexpectedly interrupted, you will feel very lost; D) Actions carried out in a specific order or pattern in order to alleviate or prevent compulsive behaviors ("compulsive ritual actions"). Once this action is interrupted, it will continue until the action is completely completed.
Compulsive intention: patients can feel a powerful force inside them, driving them to do things against their will, even though these things are ridiculous in themselves. Although the patient didn't really do it, and he clearly understood that these things were unreasonable, he still couldn't control this impulse, and he couldn't help but think about it and even prepared to implement it. When patients encounter setbacks (such as failure in exams, frustration in love, etc. ), they will be forced to think about the causes, consequences and the impact on patients.
Of course, the behavior and thoughts of obsessive-compulsive disorder will never bring happiness to patients, nor will it bring any direct or indirect benefits to patients' lives. In addition, an important point in the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder is that the concept of compulsion should be accompanied by the same strong anti-compulsion concept. Without the concept of anti-compulsion, the probability of being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder is very small.
Standardized treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Fortunately, there are many effective methods to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, and most patients can not relapse after a period of standardized treatment. For patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, the sooner they are diagnosed and treated, the better the treatment effect will be. However, according to recent research data, only one-third of OCD patients received effective medication, and less than 10% received appropriate behavioral therapy. So far, it has been proved that there are several treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder:
Drug therapy: As mentioned above, the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder has a certain relationship with the abnormal serotonin function, so selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that regulate serotonin function are regarded as the gold standard of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. According to the data of large-scale clinical trials and the recommendation of authoritative guidelines, SSRIs can be used alone or in combination with behavioral therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The safety of SSRIs is very good, even in children, there are not many side effects in large doses. Generally speaking, patients should be treated for at least 12 weeks after the drug dosage is adjusted to the best, so as to prevent recurrence to the greatest extent.
Behavioral therapy: The most effective behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder is exposure and preventive response therapy (E/RP). This therapy will first reduce the patient's disease burden by verbal comfort, and then the well-trained therapist will gradually expose the patient to the environment that will lead to the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the past, and gradually let the patient get rid of the abnormal reaction related to the environment to achieve the therapeutic purpose. The comprehensive effective rate of E/RP can reach 60%~85%, and if combined with drug treatment, better curative effect can be obtained.
Deep cranial nerve stimulation (DBS): Although the above two therapies are very effective for most patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, about 65,438+0/3 patients still have poor response to this therapy, and 65,438+00% patients will even get worse. For these patients with intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder, DBS (commonly known as "brain pacemaker") has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a brand-new treatment. After rigorous clinical trials, DBS can relieve 50%~60% of patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, and compared with traditional intervention methods (such as surgery), the side effects are greatly reduced. However, the expensive price and complicated implantation process of DBS greatly limit its application.
Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive hoarding
Hoarding is also called "compulsive hoarding", also known as pathological hoarding and abandonment phobia. This is a disease of excessive acquisition or collection of things, even worthless, dangerous or unsanitary things. Obsessive-compulsive disorder patients hoard and gather things, which will interfere with or damage the mobility and basic activities of patients and people around them, including cooking, cleaning, bathing and sleeping.
Symptomatic characteristics
1, not only lazy people who don't like cleaning up sundries, they have strong feelings for everything they have, even those things that seem to have been used for the shortest time are like used band-AIDS, and they are reluctant to throw them away. People who are too paranoid to collect useless or even rotten items are hoarders.
Always try to remember why you kept it in the first place. When an compulsive hoarder tries to decide what to throw away, it seems that he is experiencing a very painful thing. People with hoarding always think too much. Before making a decision, they will search their memories very hard and try to recall all the situations related to the item. After these twists and turns, they will try to make a decision
From a psychological point of view, patients have a hobby of collecting and need to buy a lot of things that are of low value or useless to others. Great pressure caused by hoarding behavior interferes with or hinders the operation of normal life. "But girls love to buy cosmetics and new clothes. In fact, it is not forced hoarding. " Psychologists told reporters that compulsive hoarding is largely related to "traumatic psychology", such as unlimited shopping, which may be a way for many people to vent their emotions; The most important thing to distinguish obsessive-compulsive disorder from general hoarding is whether there is inner conflict. "Some people often fall into chagrin and remorse after hoarding goods," said Dr. Yang Hailong, but they always have to "hoard" uncontrollably, which is considered as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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