In this paper, college students' community refers to the residential area with college students as the main body. It is an area that integrates accommodation, activities and learning functions based on facilities such as student dormitories, canteens, shops, outdoor activities and cultural entertainment. Student community is not only a place for living, but also a space for students' social communication, and it is also an important field for students' self-management and self-development. Its basic characteristics are: high population density, high dependence on the community, strong interaction among members and deep communication; Members engage in single learning activities, mostly in the same age group, with the same physiological and psychological characteristics of adolescence, showing overall homogeneity; However, due to the differences in family status, economic resources, life experience and cultural background among individuals, the regular rotation of community members brings mobility; It is easy to form a "sub-culture" which is both related and different from the mainstream culture.
Applying the concepts, principles and methods of social work to college students' community service, creating a new student management and service model, giving full play to the educational function of the community, helping students solve problems and puzzles in their growth, adjusting the relationship between schools, families and students, promoting students' development potential, and cultivating democratic ideas and social participation consciousness are effective attempts to promote the reform of college students' affairs with the development of modern society, and are also important areas for the expansion of school social work practice.
First, self-identity: the ideal goal of social work intervening in college students' community service.
Social work is always conducted under the guidance of certain values. The concept of social work defines the goal and significance of social work, defines the skills and methods of social work, and regulates the behavior and attitude of social workers.
College students are in the age stage from adolescence to adulthood. The psychological crisis often faced in this period is "self-identity crisis". Therefore, social work should be involved in college students' community service, and its core idea should be to help clients realize self-identity.
(1) Build a platform for students' growth to help students gain a sense of security and belonging.
Sense of security and belonging are the most basic needs of every college student. The sense of security comes not only from the absence of external danger, but also from the inner trust in others and society.
If a person can't establish the most basic trust in others and society, his sense of security will naturally decrease. People are social animals, and everyone wants to belong to a certain group and be accepted and recognized by the group. If a person is always detached from social groups, community services and social organizations, he may become an "atomized individual", without social support and protection, and his personal safety index will not be too high. In practice, social work can intervene in students' community service through various service activities, including interest groups, growth groups, interpersonal groups, expansion groups, psychological training camps and so on. , enhance the communication between students, improve the relationship between students, so as to enhance mutual acceptance and self-identity of the community, and individuals will consciously belong to the community where they live, thus gaining a sense of security and belonging.
Building a growth platform for students is an important way to gain a sense of security and belonging.
The university stage is a critical period for teenagers to explore their identity. Individuals often think about a series of self-awareness issues such as "Who am I", "What kind of person I want to be" and "How do society and others evaluate me", but they often fail to form objective self-awareness, and lack a clear sense of identity between ideal and reality, truth and falsehood, making it difficult to form a healthy self-concept. Therefore, college students often have cognitive dissonance, either with high self-evaluation and strong sense of efficacy, or in a state of self-degradation and self-denial. During this period, the involvement of social work in school community service can build a growth platform for students, provide more communication space and development channels, and diversified activities can cultivate outstanding elements and student community leaders at different levels, so that they can develop their sense of belonging with inner enthusiasm, so as to engage in their own life and future career development with a positive attitude, instead of just measuring a person's ability and achievements by academic performance. In this sense, students can achieve the consistency of internal identity and external identity, self-identity and others' identity, and constantly gain a sense of security and belonging, thus improving self-identity. A person who has achieved self-identity can gain self-confidence and accept himself. Such people are generally healthy and optimistic.
Realizing mental health is the ultimate goal of gaining a sense of security and belonging. People are people in society and need the effective support of parents, relatives, friends, classmates, teachers and other social environments and social network systems. Social work participates in students' community service. Through social activities, community service and community culture construction, close communication between schools and parents should be established, the support network of parents and relatives of students should be consolidated, and a wider peer group support network should be established. With the support of different social networks, students can enhance their sense of self-security and belonging, better understand the value and significance of life, thus cherish their own lives, learn to care for and help others, and form a positive and healthy personality. Many psychological and sociological studies show that the more social support networks a person obtains, the healthier his psychology will be. In other words, the realization of mental health is the ultimate attribution of sense of security and belonging, which cannot be separated from the support of social networks.
(2) Strengthen the function of service education, and provide the conceptual basis for students to realize their self-identity.
Serving and educating people is an important content of modern university education. Social work is involved in students' community, taking students' needs and wishes as the starting point and destination. Based on the investigation and evaluation of students' needs, it focuses on students' needs and development, provides appropriate community services, takes targeted measures, solves problems that plague students in time, and promotes their healthy development.
In the process of service, we always adhere to the values of being close to the reality of students' lives, their psychological demands, and their growth and success, meet the diverse service needs of students, form the concept of serving and educating people, and provide the conceptual basis for students' self-identity and healthy development.
Campus culture construction is an effective way to strengthen the function of serving and educating people. Social work intervenes in students' community service, introduces the values, concepts and methods of social work into the university campus, and gradually forms a campus cultural atmosphere of helping others, caring and dedication, so that sincere acceptance, mutual care and harmonious coexistence become an important part of college students' humanistic quality, thus improving the level and quality of campus culture and creating a positive cultural atmosphere. Such a university "subculture" will gradually become a positive energy that affects the mainstream culture of society and provide motivation for students' self-identity.
Realizing comprehensive education is an important goal to strengthen the function of service education. According to the theory of social ecosystem, everyone in the social living environment will form constraints and norms on the behavior of others, and others will inevitably interfere with and restrict the behavior of individuals.
Professional teachers, counselors, office workers, dormitory administrators and other subjects on campus will have a profound and important impact on students' behavior. Social work intervenes in students' community service, and transmits the ideas, methods and values of social work to everyone in the university community, so that every staff member in the university can treat, care for and serve students with the ideas of treating others equally, respecting others, caring for others and identifying with others. It is not difficult to see that under the background of social work intervention, social work is playing the role and mission of reconstructing college students' life world and promoting them to realize their integrity as human beings, so as to better realize the important goals of educating all staff and enhancing self-identity.
(C) to convey the concept of "self-help" and "mutual assistance" and enhance students' sense of self-identity.
Increasing social capital is an important means to form the concepts of "self-help" and "mutual assistance". Presle Burda, a French sociologist, first introduced the concept of "social capital" into the field of sociological research, and defined social capital as "an aggregate of real or potential resources, which are inseparable from having a lasting network, which is familiar, recognized and institutionalized by everyone."
In other words, social capital includes social networks and basic elements such as reciprocity, trust and cooperation. Social capital is a kind of social resource hidden in the social structure, which can bring benefits and added value to individuals, thus providing convenience for actors in the social structure.
Social work is involved in the construction of student community. By organizing various social activities, we can not only enhance the communication between students, but also pass on the etiquette and norms of interpersonal communication to students. In this process, the techniques and methods of social work provide a demonstration for realizing social communication between people, and students can learn how to establish equal partnership with others in the activities. At the same time, social work is involved in students' community service, which breaks through the boundary between dormitory and class, expands students' communication space and builds new communication objects for students. This kind of good interpersonal network is also the premise and foundation of developing social capital. Social capital is established in the long-term interaction and cooperation between people, and it is a relationship of cooperation and trust between the two sides. A successful cooperation will establish contact and initial trust, and trust can be accumulated and developed continuously. The involvement of social work in students' community service can enhance mutual trust and cooperation among students, reduce negative capital such as suspicion and hostility among members, enhance students' self-help consciousness and mutual help concept, and then enhance community cohesion and students' self-identity.
The purpose of social work is to "help others and help themselves", which is a process of improving the ability of the parties, enabling them to actively face the difficulties and challenges in life and cultivate their ability to solve problems. "Self-help" means self-growth and personal empowerment. The university period is an important period of a person's socialization, and it is also a crucial period for the formation of outlook on life and world. At this stage, students need to learn various social norms and social etiquette and internalize them into conscious actions.
In the student community service, social work consciously applies the concepts of respect, sincerity, helping others and service to the work through direct intervention of communities, groups and individual cases to meet the diverse needs of college students. Under the guidance of the basic concepts and methods of social work, university community construction can convey the concepts of "self-help" and "mutual assistance" of social work to college students, and students can care for others in this spirit and spread this spirit to society. It can be said that conveying the ideas of "self-help" and "mutual assistance" is an inherent requirement for forming self-identity and an important content for building an "altruistic" ethical society.
Respect and tolerance: the basic principle of social work intervening in college students' community service
As a new practical field, social work should be involved in college student associations, and appropriate working principles should be formulated in combination with the characteristics of college students, the attributes of campus associations and the original student work and management system in colleges and universities. This paper holds that adhering to respect and fairness, tolerance, voluntariness and humanization are the basic principles for social work to intervene in college students' community service.
(1) Adhere to respect and fairness and safeguard the dignity of students.
Respect is an emphasis on the life and personal dignity of others, and it is also a deep and heartfelt concern for others. In the 5th century BC, protagoras, an ancient Greek scholar, put forward the famous assertion that "man is the measure of all things", and regarded man as the core and standard of all things, which is the origin of the thought of "people-oriented". Social work, as an applied discipline to practice this social value concept, requires us to respect the independence, freedom, value and dignity of individuals, and everyone should be respected and treated fairly by others. In social practice, social workers should respect every client, regardless of their age, occupation, education, social status, economic income and appearance, social workers should provide them with fair and equal services. As far as university community service is concerned, college students come from different regions, with different family backgrounds, academic achievements, intelligence and problems. But social workers should treat every student equally and respect every student. Treating every student fairly with a heart that respects life is not only the requirement for social workers to practice their professional mission, but also shows the professional feelings of social work that "life affects life". Therefore, respect and fairness are not only the core concepts of maintaining students' personal dignity, but also can attract students to pay attention to others, respect others, help others, admit their behavior, pay attention to and respect others, thus arousing students' recognition and recognition of themselves and society.
(B) adhere to sincerity and acceptance, and build a harmonious campus culture.
Acceptance means actively understanding each other and accepting each other's value as a unique individual and person. The key to acceptance is not to judge or choose the other party according to the personal values of the workers, but to maintain a sincere, trusting and accepting attitude at all times. This is not to say that we admit the unreasonable thoughts, behaviors and even faults of the clients, but to emphasize that we should sincerely understand and guide the thoughts and behaviors of the clients with the concept of development, enthusiastic attitude and positive concern.
Because for anyone, their thoughts and behaviors have certain truth, we should treat them with an understanding attitude, put problems and behaviors in each other's living environment, that is, adhere to the perspective of "people in the scene" and have the characteristics of "sociological imagination" to treat the problems encountered by students and the context of their living environment. This "non-critical" working method is completely different from the traditional ideological and political education, which can create a more relaxed environment for students, establish a more sincere and mutual trust relationship, and lay a good foundation for building a harmonious campus cultural concept.
(C) adhere to the principle of voluntariness to meet the social needs of students
The community service for college students should be designed with college students as the main body. Community service should meet students' material and spiritual needs, improve their quality of life, promote their development and improve the campus cultural environment. At the same time, students should be encouraged to actively participate in community service and other campus activities on a voluntary basis. In the process of serving and helping students, social workers strive to cultivate a campus culture with publicity spirit, and then actively mobilize students' enthusiasm, autonomy and creativity in social practice activities. Students' voluntary participation in service activities can cultivate students' enthusiasm for participating in public welfare undertakings and their responsibility for public affairs. It is found that they can train community leaders and become the backbone of student community construction and development. Therefore, the voluntary principle is an important guarantee to meet the social needs of students.
(D) adhere to the people-oriented, "combining rigidity with softness" to implement the community management system and norms is rigid, and it is often enforced in the implementation process, with a certain punitive nature. From the perspective of behavioral psychology, "disciplinary punishment" has a certain warning effect on cultivating teenagers to avoid breaking some rules, but it often appears rigid and lacks human touch in the implementation process. Social work is a professional activity that is people-oriented, full of human feelings and warmth, care and love.
In student community service, implementing rigid social systems and norms in a flexible and humanized way can make students realize the warmth and kindness, care and love in human nature, so as to abide by the rules and regulations from the heart. Especially for college students with basic judgment ability and basic value orientation, implementing rigid systems and norms in a humanized way can make college students think that they have been respected and recognized by others and society, and admit their unique characteristics, abilities and subjective status, which can make college students feel sincerely moved, and community service may produce better management effects.
Cooperative construction: the path choice of social work intervening in college students' community service
It has become an urgent requirement for improving the quality of higher education and innovating the governance mechanism of colleges and universities to learn from and introduce humanized and professional work ideas and methods and innovate the service and management system for college students. Social work should give full play to its professional advantages, combine the advantages of traditional student work, integrate all aspects of resource conditions, build a cooperative space for college students' community service, and achieve breakthrough development.
(A) to strengthen the construction of student community service team, realize the organic combination of professional social workers and students.
Professional social workers are stationed on campus. Social work institutions can send full-time social workers to participate in community service and community construction for college students in the form of government purchase or school purchase. After entering the campus, professional social workers need to understand the operation mechanism of the school, establish contact and communication mechanisms with the student affairs office and logistics office of the school supervisor, and obtain the support and recognition of relevant departments of the school. School staff, including counselors, professional teachers, office workers and logistics service personnel, are all important "related persons" in students' life growth, and their influence on students' growth and development is profound and long-term. Social workers provide special training for all student administrators, and convey the values, concepts, technologies and methods of social work to the student teams and student administrators, so as to achieve the goal of "educating all staff". Every faculty member in the school should be deeply aware of their special status and role, and can consciously treat students with the psychology and attitude of equality, respect, care and love, so as to realize the embedding of professional social work services, ideas and talents into the university field.
Establish and cultivate student volunteer service teams. Give full play to the advantages of professional social work in integrating, managing and condensing volunteer service resources, and attract college students to form various volunteer service teams. Through peer transmission and peer education, it is easier to influence and infect more students to participate in voluntary service and public welfare undertakings, and it is also better to report and express students' wishes and demands. In the concrete community service, through the practice of voluntary service, we can cultivate college students' dedication, service spirit and charity spirit, and form social values based on caring for society. They can serve both students and society, and become an important force in school social work and school community service.
Realize the organic combination and seamless link between social workers and students. The original student work team, including Party organizations, student affairs offices, counselors, students' unions, etc., has accumulated rich work experience and formed a set of relatively complete student management systems and methods. The key for school social workers to enter the school is to embed the concepts, methods, technologies and services of social work into the school system to help solve the difficulties and problems faced by the original student work and achieve better service and management. Social worker's scheme planning and work plan must be supported by the native work team if they want to be effectively implemented and executed.
It is an important foundation and guarantee to improve the level of college students' community service by giving full play to their respective advantages in scheme formulation and service provision and promoting mutual support and close cooperation between the two teams.
(two) to strengthen the construction of community service platform for students, and guide students to enhance their self-management and mutual service capabilities.
Investigate the needs of students. Student community service is based on students' needs, and its service items and activities are designed according to students' needs. Therefore, investigating students' needs is an important part of student community service. Social workers understand students' thoughts and wishes through questionnaires, online surveys, dormitory visits, case interviews, etc. Based on the statistical analysis of the survey, they design activity plans and activities that meet students' needs.
Establish a student community service center. According to students' needs, a community service center will be established in the concentrated area of students' lives, and functional areas such as case studio, group studio, library, activity exchange room and bulletin board will be selected to design service plans. Service content, activity time, activity objectives, etc. should be made public to students through bulletin boards, posters and other forms, and students can selectively participate according to their own wishes and needs. This can not only provide convenient services for students, but also facilitate social workers to know the needs of students at any time.
Expand the platform of independent management and mutual assistance service. The student community service center is not only a place to provide services for students, but also an important platform for students to realize self-management, mutual service and common development. The community service center advocates self-management and self-service, abides by the management system of the school, establishes student community self-governing organizations on this basis, adheres to the service concept of helping others and helping themselves, clarifies the rights, obligations and functional responsibilities of students, and gradually realizes the self-governing management of the student community.
(3) Strengthen the construction of student community service websites to create space for students to exchange ideas and express their demands.
Under the condition of information society, we must establish the concept of "two-dimensional space" in college students' communities, attach importance to the development and management of virtual communities, and open attractive community service websites. It is an effective form for students to participate in the construction of student communities by building community websites into an expression space for students' interests, emotional demands and ideas. Through the community service website, students can publish their own works, establish online interpersonal relationships, express their interests and express their views on school work and student affairs. School social workers and school staff should not only strictly manage websites, advocate real-name registration, use the Internet in a civilized way, and not spread rumors and false information, but also actively respond to students' demands, solve sexual problems in time, pay attention to solving personality problems, and guide discussions and debates on some suggestions on school development and community construction reform, so that virtual community resources can be effectively developed and utilized. In addition, social workers can also publicize social work through websites, Weibo, WeChat and other media to increase the understanding and recognition of all parties.
(D) Strengthen the construction of student community service mechanism, and promote the "four-dimensional interaction" among individuals, schools, families and communities.
First of all, social workers are involved in student community service, and the object of their service is students, but students also have rich resources and great potential. Students are not only the object resources of service, but also the main resources of service. It is an important content of student community service to give full play to students' main role and tap their potential. Secondly, as the main unit of running a school, the school is the organizer, resource provider and scheme implementer of student community service. Schools should formulate relevant policies for students' community service, strengthen the educational management consciousness of "community territory" and give strong support in manpower and financial resources. It is necessary to organically combine community service with ideological and political education and university culture construction to promote the integration of knowledge and practice and healthy growth of college students.
Professional social workers should make full use of the resources of the school and provide support for the development of student service together with the student team. Third, the family is a strong supporter of students' community service. College students' community service advocates making full use of family resources. Families should continue to care for students psychologically, spiritually and academically while giving them financial aid. School social workers can keep close contact with parents through parent-teacher conferences, letters and telephone calls, fully mobilize family resources and serve the healthy growth of students and the development of the school. Finally, the community where the school is located is an important environmental resource for the construction of student community service. College students' employment, entrepreneurship, work-study program and voluntary service are all inseparable from the community where the school is located. Student community service can actively serve the development of the community where the school is located, strive for the participation and support of the community where the school is located, and realize the coordinated development of resources. It is not difficult to see that a remarkable feature of school community service is that it can integrate various resources and serve the construction and development of the community. The construction of student community is an important content of school management and service reform, the responsibility of students, families, schools and their communities, and an important carrier to realize service education.
Four. conclusion
Social workers' involvement in the field of college students' work has become an important topic to expand the practice of school social work, which is of practical significance to meet the diversified and personalized service needs of contemporary college students and guide them to improve their social behavior ability. Social work should adhere to the core value concept of "self-identity", effectively build a platform for students' growth, strengthen the function of serving and educating people, convey the concepts of "self-help" and "mutual assistance", and help clients establish and strengthen their self-identity; Adhere to the working principle of "respect and tolerance", respect students' personal dignity, treat different clients fairly, give positive understanding and guidance to students' personalized thoughts and behaviors, encourage students to participate in service activities voluntarily, and pay more attention to the implementation of community management by humanized means. In this process, it is necessary to promote the close cooperation between professional social workers and the existing student work team as the basis and guarantee, expand the tangible platform and virtual space of student community service, and establish a resource integration and utilization mechanism for students, schools, families and the community where the school is located, so that the student community service can make a solid start, make continuous progress and develop in an institutionalized direction, which will become an effective practice of innovating the management and service system for college students, strengthening and improving the ideological and political education for college students, and play an irreplaceable and important role in promoting the growth of college students.