Changchun Animal and Plant Park was founded in 1938 during the Japanese Puppet War, and was called "New Beijing Botanical Garden" at that time. Construction started on 1938, and the first phase of the project was completed on 1940. It is the first comprehensive exhibition garden integrating animals and plants in Northeast China. The characteristics of this "New JD.COM Botanical Garden" are as follows: First, it has a large area, covering an area of 730,000 square meters (the fence was built after liberation 1958, and it reached 740,000 square meters after taking the free road to expand outward), which is 20 times that of the famous Ueno Zoo in Tokyo, and it was called "the first in Asia" at that time. Second, the natural terrain is beautiful, and natural rivers flow through animal and plant parks; Thirdly, it is mainly the native plants and animals in Northeast China, and there are plants and animals in other parts of China and all over the world. From planning and design to management, it broke the traditional "circus" zoo management model. While paying attention to appreciation, we should pay attention to the role of animal and plant protection education for primary and secondary school students, adopt the method of partial stocking, and combine it with production and scientific research experiments.
1940, when the first phase of the project is completed, there are 50 species of animals, 1000. The main animals are: tiger 10, 2 lions, silver fox 150, 200 monkeys in Taiwan Province province, 20 sika deer, and a large number of songbirds, waterfowl and some reptiles. In addition, there are breeder hatcheries, fur and animal research institutes, cattle farms and Chinese herbal medicine gardens. Since the 194 1 Pacific War, the zoological and botanical gardens have not developed much, but have remained in a state. 1944 In the spring, the American "B29" plane arrived in Changchun, and the Japanese and puppet authorities had a premonition of the danger of air strikes. In the winter of the same year, they killed all the African lions, Siberian tigers and other large wild animals in the park. Other animals in the park were also lost due to unattended management.
1945 after Japan surrendered, various animal facilities in the park were seriously damaged. During the Kuomintang occupation, Zheng Dongguo, the highest military and political chief in Changchun, used a carriage to transport all kinds of materials in the park, leaving the park empty and devastated. At that time, the Zoo and Botanical Garden became the training ground for the "National Army". The park was covered with trenches and fortifications built by Kuomintang troops, trees were cut down in large numbers, and various animal facilities were further severely damaged, resulting in rubble, weeds and mosquitoes everywhere in the zoo and botanical garden, which became a ruin.
Botanical garden period
1948, 10 After the liberation of Changchun, the party and the government attached great importance to the garden land of the Zoo and Botanical Garden. The Changchun Municipal Government has planned to allocate special funds for tree planting and infrastructure construction. During the period of 1949, Changchun Municipal People's Government organized garden workers to clean up the zoological and botanical gardens, remove dead trees, fill trenches and demolish bunkers, and together with professionals, thoroughly remove the ammunition and mines left by Kuomintang troops. At this time, only 8 to 9 households live in the north of the Zoo and Botanical Garden, and the other rooms 10 cannot be used because of demolition. In the same year, under the leadership of the Agriculture Department of Changchun City, some of the remaining houses were repaired, and a breeding pig farm was established in the park, with more than 20 breeding pigs, 3 cows and stallions 1 horse. 1950 In the spring, the Zoo and Botanical Garden, as a green space, was managed by Changchun Garden Engineering Team, and 20,000 seedlings of Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus pumila were planted in the park.
1957 Changchun Urban Construction Bureau allocated special funds to build more than 3,800 meters of garden walls, nearly 1000 square meters of flower greenhouses and some park roads.
1960, botanical garden was established. According to the working principle of "plant gardening", 105 species and 3 1 17 plants were planted successively. 100 plants of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were introduced from Changbai Mountain in 1965. Due to strengthening technical measures and proper management, the survival rate reached 100%. 1966 to 1973. The Botanical Garden is jointly managed by Changchun Landscape Engineering Team and Changchun Greening Team (separated from Changchun Landscape Engineering Team). This has become a pasture for cattle and sheep.
1965, Nanling Botanical Garden was established by the administrative organization. 1In March, 973, the name of "Botanical Garden" was restored. Since 1973, all kinds of poplars, willows and elms have been cut down in a planned way (some willows and elms have been kept). 1973 to 198 1, there are more than 500 deer in the park (including more than 20 red deer and more than 20 hybrid deer), 1982, kept in captivity.
Changchun zoo period
1974, the botanical garden was renamed Changchun Zoo. 1977, in addition to building five small animal houses (wolves, foxes, etc. ), but also built a water (from the owner's ring road to the park artificial lake). No other repair works were carried out.
During this period, there are two outstanding tasks: first, great achievements have been made in botanical garden art and tree protection. At that time, 1 18 was planted, with more than 30,000 trees, and now the mountain has been closed for afforestation. Among them, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (pine and cypress) is magnificent; In addition, a large number of Sha Song, Picea koraiensis and Platycladus orientalis were planted, which increased the landscape. Another achievement was the establishment of the first Clivia base in Changchun, which contributed to the breeding and production of Clivia. From 1977 to 1983, more than 60,000 clivia plants have been produced successively. Xie Chengyuan, director of Changchun Zoo, and other comrades published books and papers on the cultivation techniques of Clivia.
Construction cycle of animal and plant parks
With the development of Changchun construction and the improvement of people's living standards, the voice of the people in the city demanding the development and construction of Changchun Zoo as "Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden" is getting stronger and stronger, and the Changchun Municipal People's Congress has repeatedly filed a case to discuss the construction of the Zoo and Botanical Garden.
198 1 year, the director of Changchun Zoo Xie Chengyuan revised the plan of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden in combination with the national zoo plan (national, regional and provincial) (this plan absorbed the experience at home and abroad, and interviewed the staff, breeders and planning technicians of the Puppet Manchuria Zoo and Botanical Garden, combined with the topography). Domestic zoo experts believe that this plan is scientific and belongs to the first-class level in China. 1983, the Jilin provincial government approved the Planning of Animal and Plant Parks (No.41No.82). From 65438-0984, Changchun Mayor Wang specially held a government executive meeting to discuss the construction plan of the animal and plant park, and approved the plan. It is planned to build the zoo into an animal and botanical garden with the characteristics of animals and plants in Changbai Mountain in three phases (according to the national planning requirements for the zoo, that is, local animals are the main animals, and all kinds of ornamental animals are controlled at around 200, arranged from low to high according to the order of animal evolution. The zoo fully embodies the characteristics of "concentrated buildings, wide animal activity venues, favorable for animal reproduction, convenient for tourists to watch and convenient for feeding management".
1 985 On May/0/day, the Changchun Municipal Government issued the Notice on Mobilizing Social Forces to Raise Funds to Build Urban Construction Projects, in which the Zoo and Botanical Garden was restored as the second of the six joint construction projects (Changfu [85] 108). On August 5th, the General Office of Changchun Municipal Government issued the Notice on Establishing the Headquarters of Changchun Construction Animal and Botanical Garden (Chang Fu Ban [85] 125). According to the document, the landscape architecture headquarters was established, with a headquarters office. The construction of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden has received strong support from all walks of life. * * * The Changchun Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League called on and mobilized the youth members of the city's organs, enterprises and institutions to participate in voluntary labor. In mid-August, 1985, led by Xin Lichen, Minister of Youth Industry of the Communist Youth League Committee, Wang Dalin and other comrades, started the lake digging project, with a total excavation volume of 42,000 cubic meters. Due to the rainy season, the project is difficult and the progress is slow, reaching 6544. The unfinished project is handed over to the Garden Construction Headquarters by the Communist Youth League Committee, and the Garden Construction Headquarters is responsible for organizing the completion.
1985 1 1 month, PLA troops stationed in Chang entered the construction site. By the end of 1986, 82,000 cubic meters of lake digging project has been completed, the coastline has begun to take shape, and the excavation amount is 70%. After that, the whole project came to an end.
From 65438 to 0986, the Changchun Municipal Government listed the construction of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden as one of the "Ten Good Things" run by the people in Changchun. On July 20th, Changchun Construction Committee re-approved the preliminary design of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden. On July 2 1 day, Changchun Municipal Planning Commission issued a notice of 1986 Phase I project plan, and implemented the project plans and funds of Hushan, Pheasant House, China Animal House, Bird House, Waterfowl House, Elephant Trunk House, Zebra House, Heating Project (including Boiler House) and Nursery. With the attention and care of provincial and municipal leaders, the animal and plant parks that have been sleeping for 40 years after liberation began to be re-planned.
Under the call of the slogan "People's city is built by people", the leaders of the provincial government took the lead in taking part in voluntary labor at the construction site of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden. Provincial and municipal authorities and some factories and mines 18 units raised funds for the construction of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden 144, 133 yuan, and 39 units actively participated in the construction of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden.
1In August 1987, the "three links and one leveling" and some animal houses were restored, and the first phase of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden was basically completed.
1September, 1987, all the animals in Changchun Shengli Park were moved to Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden.
Changchun animal and plant park period
1987 September 15, Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden was completed and opened. Gao Di, secretary of Jilin Provincial Party Committee, officially named it "Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden" and personally asked Comrade Song Renqiong to write the name of the garden. Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden Construction Command also sent the secretary of the garden branch to Beijing, and asked the chairman of China Calligraphers Association to write the name of the garden. These two sets of calligraphy inscriptions in Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden are engraved on the marble walls on both sides of the main entrance of the park, which are particularly eye-catching.
Changchun Animal and Plant Park, which has been initially developed and constructed, is divided into three parts: east, west and north. The east half mainly displays animals and has an office area; The artificial mountain planned in the west is dominated by plant distribution, simulating the vertical distribution of plants in Changbai Mountain, naturally planting various plants and stocking some animal species. Various plants are naturally planted in the north, including tropical botanical gardens, children's zoos, amusement facilities and quarantine areas (occupied by the power sector). East, west and north bridges.
The construction fund of the first phase project is 65.438+0.9 billion yuan. The completed construction area is 9,000 square meters; 6,000 square meters of roads; Various pipelines are 4400 linear meters; 1 concrete bridge.
From the opening of the park on September 5th 1987 to the end of February, the park received 250,000 visitors. It has been widely praised by provincial and municipal leaders, foreign guests, people from all walks of life in Changchun and the broad masses of the people. It is considered that the construction of Changchun Animal and Plant Park has its own characteristics, and the animal house is beautiful and generous, with reasonable functions and harmonious colors, which has the characteristics of garden architecture. It was rated as "Famous Garden" by China Parks Association (see China Famous Garden on September 84, 1999).
June 1994 Changchun Animal and Plant Park and Jilin Overseas Chinese Industry Co., Ltd. jointly built the Oriental Amusement Park. In February, 65438, Jilin Provincial Forestry Department held the listing ceremony of "Jilin Wildlife Rescue Center" in Changchun Animal and Plant Park.
At the beginning of 1997, Changchun Garden Management Office was reorganized into Changchun Greening Management Office, Changchun Garden Planning and Design Institute and Changchun Park Management Office, and Changchun Animal and Plant Park was subordinate to Changchun Park Management Office. On July 22nd, in order to commemorate the anniversary of the establishment of sister city 10 between Jilin Province of China and Miyagi Prefecture of Japan, the Japanese miniature landscape garden "Jilin Miyagi Friendship Garden" jointly built by China and Japan cut the ribbon at the east side of Changchun Animal and Plant Park. Wang Yunkun, Governor of Jilin Province, wrote the name of "Friendship Park in Miyagi, Jilin". To build this park, China will provide an area of 6.5438+0.3 million square meters, planning drawings and tree species suitable for the park.
1September, 199715th, the park held a "Garden Celebration" to commemorate the opening anniversary of10th, and the park compiled a pictorial of "Brilliant Ten Years" and a collection of historical materials of Changchun Animal and Plant Park, which was inscribed by Anli, vice mayor of Changchun, and was1from all walks of life.
On May 30th, 20001year, Changchun Bureau of Landscaping and Greening forwarded the documents of "Chang Bian [20065438+0] No.76 and Chang Bian [20065438+0] No.65438+03" compiled by the Municipal Bureau. Changchun Animal and Plant Park is a municipal park, with administrative levels ranging from departmental level to departmental level. The number of leaders (director and deputy director level administrative positions) of the approved unit is 4, and the internal institutions are: office (integration of party and government), management department, general affairs department, animal husbandry department and technology department. There are 6 middle-level cadres (department level) (2 in the office, 2 in other departments 1 name), and 285 are approved.
On May 30, 2002, the park animal performance field and children's zoo were completed and a completion ceremony was held. The animal performance field covers an area of 3,600 square meters, and the children's zoo covers a total area of 7,684 square meters. On September 20th, Beijing Municipal People's Government, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Beijing Elk Ecological Experiment Center presented the Elk Handover Ceremony to Changchun Municipal People's Government, which was held in the Elk Pavilion of Changchun Animal and Plant Park. I wish Mayor Ye Jing a speech.
In June, 2003, Changchun Municipal Price Bureau officially approved the ticket price of Changchun Animal and Plant Park as 10 yuan/person. On June 15, the Chairman of the National Defense Sports Committee of Irkutsk Region of Russia presented a Caucasian shepherd puppy (female) to the Changchun Municipal People's Government. The presentation ceremony was held at the Children's Zoo of Changchun Animal and Plant Park, and Vice Mayor Wang Xuezhan delivered a speech.
In September, 2005, after years of arduous scientific research and experiments, the park broke through a series of technical difficulties in artificial incubation and brooding of great bustard, and finally overcame the worldwide problem of brooding survival of great bustard, reaching the first-class level of population construction of great bustard in China. From June 10 to the end of June 1 10, the park carried out comprehensive maintenance on Monkey Mountain by itself, and carried out hard cover maintenance on the periphery of all animal houses in the park.
Since June 2006, with the vigorous promotion of Changchun Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, the park has applied to the relevant municipal departments for the work of national AAA-level tourist (scenic) areas. According to the standard requirements of the national AAA tourist (scenic) area, the park has successively completed the renovation of the tourist service center and the infirmary, and newly built a parking lot covering an area of 6 100 square meters with 165 berths. Convenience measures have been added, tourist amusement car service has been set up, comprehensive safety management and health work have been strengthened, and animal description cards and tour guide cards have been replaced. The compilation of management norms was completed, and the DVD of the park propaganda film and the brochure were produced. The park has been comprehensively upgraded in eight aspects: tourism transportation, sightseeing, safety and health, post and telecommunications services, tourism and shopping, comprehensive management, resources and environmental protection, and passed the preliminary examination of the Municipal Tourism Bureau on August 1 day. On August 25th, it passed the inspection of the National AAA Tourism (Scenic Spot) Evaluation Group of Provincial Tourism Bureau, Provincial Quality Supervision Institute and Municipal Tourism Bureau. 165438+1October 24th, Guanzi [2006] No.29 officially approved Changchun Animal and Plant Park as a national AAA-level tourist (scenic) area.
At the beginning of 2007, Cui Jie, the new mayor of Changchun City, put forward the idea of fundamentally transforming and building an animal and plant park, and instructed the Changchun Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening to conduct a comprehensive study and planning of the Changchun Animal and Plant Park. Under the leadership of Changchun Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening, Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden first formed a preliminary transformation opinion, and then Changchun Landscape Planning and Design Institute carried out the scheme design. After the revision was announced to the public, experts from the National Zoo were invited to hold an "Expert Consultation Meeting on the Reconstruction Planning of Changchun Zoo and Botanical Garden" in Changchun World Sculpture Park on July 17. After the meeting, according to experts' opinions, the project application was formally submitted to the municipal party committee and municipal government.
On July 28th, 2007, the Nanguan District Government of Changchun City held the listing ceremony of "Nanguan District Earthquake Macroscopic Observation Base of Changchun City" in Changchun Animal and Plant Park. On August 25th, the publication "Together under the Blue Sky" was launched (the internal publication number of Jilin Province was JN0 1-O97) and officially published.
September 15, 2007 is the 20th anniversary of the opening of Changchun Animal and Plant Park. The park will take this opportunity to build a brand through the transformation of the park by the government, and strive to become a national AAAA-level tourism (scenic spot).