Forests include arbor forests and bamboo forests.
Forest trees include trees and bamboo.
Question 2: What are the forest resources in Taiwan Province Province? Taiwan Province Island is the forest treasure house of the motherland. The forest area in Benfu, Taiwan Province is about 6.5438+0.86 million hectares, accounting for 52% of the total land area of the island, which is bigger than the famous mountain forest country Switzerland. It is the province with the largest forest coverage rate in China, in which natural forests account for 80%, and the total storage volume exceeds 300 million cubic meters. They are basically distributed in mountainous areas above 300 meters above sea level, and the broad-leaved forest, which belongs to warm forest species, has the widest area, accounting for more than half of the forest area. Many are economic trees and precious trees. Therefore, Taiwan Province Province is known as "Asian Natural Botanical Garden".
There are great differences in elevation and temperature on the island of Taiwan Province Province, where more than 4,000 tropical, subtropical, temperate and frigid trees grow. There are broad-leaved forest, mixed coniferous forest and coniferous forest in the forest area. In the forests of Taiwan Province Island, there are more than 300 kinds of trees with great economic value, most of which are used as industrial raw materials. Such as camphor tree, Pistacia chinensis, Pinus massoniana, oil hole, lacquer tree, cochineal tree, wooden basket, rosewood, cypress, acacia, fir, willow, alder and cypress.
Among these economic trees, Cinnamomum camphora is the most famous one with the highest economic value. Its main tree species are Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum camphora, which are the raw materials for extracting camphor and camphor oil. Nowhere else in the world can there be so many camphor trees and produce so much camphor as in Taiwan Province Province, so the island of Taiwan Province Province is also called "the kingdom of camphor". Some tropical trees on the island of Taiwan Province Province are relatively rare in mainland China, and precious trees like Sabina vulgaris is not found in other places. Among them, Taxodium ascendens, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Acer negundo are known as the "five great trees in Taiwan Province Province", which are world-famous high-quality wood and precious tree species, and are also precious natural resources of the motherland.
Alishan is the most famous forest in Taiwan Province Province. Entering the hinterland of the mountains, ancient trees are towering everywhere, covering the sky and the sun. In hilly areas, eucalyptus, coconut and areca trees stand tall and straight, acacia, acacia and banyan trees flourish, and banana trees are full of fruits. Broad-leaved trees such as camphor tree, Phoebe bournei, Castanopsis eyrei and oak are evergreen all the year round, while conifers such as juniper, cypress, hemlock and Taxodium ascendens are tall and straight. Whenever the wind blows, thousands of branches swing, Lin Tao shakes the valley, and the roar can be heard dozens of miles away.
Question 3: The current situation of forest resources in China, the trees in big cities and coastal areas grow well and are dense, while the original virgin forests in the central part of the Yangtze River no longer exist. Once the dense trees change, the sand dunes can't be flooded with water.
Question 4: Where are the rich forest resources in China? China has a vast territory, few forest resources, low forest coverage and great regional differences. The vast majority of forest resources in China are concentrated in remote mountainous areas such as the northeast and southwest, and the mountainous areas and southeast hills of Taiwan Province Province, while the vast northwest region is poor in forest resources. The national forest coverage rate is 20.36%, with Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong being the highest, reaching 70%. The forest coverage rate exceeds 30% in 8 provinces, such as (70%), Fujian (62.9%), Jiangxi (60.5%), Zhejiang (60.5%), Guangdong (57.9%), Hainan (510.9%), Heilongjiang, Hunan and Jilin.
Question 5: Where are the forest resources mainly distributed in China? Overall distribution of forest resources in China;
1. Northeast: Northeast forest region is the largest natural forest region in China;
The forest resources in Northeast China are mainly concentrated in Daxing 'anling, Xiaoxing 'anling and Changbai Mountain. Main timber tree species: Coniferous forests include larch, Larix olgensis, Korean pine and Mongolian pine. Mongolian oak, Sha Song, spruce, fir, etc. Broad-leaved trees include birch, poplar, Fraxinus mandshurica, pineapple, walnut, linden, elm, maple and oak.
2. The southwest forest region in the southwest is the second largest natural forest region in China;
Southwest China includes Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and * * *, and the main forest areas are located in Hengduan Mountain area. Here, the ratio of natural virgin forest to mature and over-mature forest is remarkable. The area accounts for more than 90%, and the accumulation ratio exceeds 95%.
3. The vast mountainous areas in the east, south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and east of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are the main economic forests and artificial forest areas in China.
The southern region includes Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou and other provinces 10. The southern region is the region with the best natural conditions in China, and has always been a region with developed forestry, with a high proportion of artificial forests. Farmers in mountainous areas have the habit of managing forestry. The distribution of forest resources in southern China is relatively uniform. Wuyishan mountain system and Nanling mountain system are relatively concentrated. The two mountain ranges account for 22% of the total area in the south of China, with forest area accounting for 45% and stock volume accounting for 65%.
The southern region is also the largest economic forest and bamboo forest base in China. Such as lacquer and tung oil from Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou; Sapium sebiferum in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi and Zhejiang; Camellia oleifera from Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi; Bamboo in Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi.
According to the just-concluded Seventh Forest Resources Survey, the national forest area is195,452,200 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 20.36%. The vast majority of forest resources in China are concentrated in remote mountainous areas such as the northeast and southwest, and the mountainous areas and southeast hills of Taiwan Province Province, while the vast northwest region is poor in forest resources. The national average forest coverage rate is 12.0%, which is the highest in Taiwan Province province, reaching 70%. The forest coverage rate exceeds 30% in Fujian (62.9%), Jiangxi (60.5%), Zhejiang (60.5%), Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jilin and other provinces, over 20% in Guangdong, Liaoning, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Hubei and other provinces, and over 10% in Guizhou.
Question 6: What are the contents of forest resources? What are the functions and benefits? Forest resources: including forests, trees, woodlands and wild animals and plants in forest areas. Functions and benefits: 1. Forests are air purifiers; 2. The forest has natural epidemic prevention function; 3. Forest is a natural oxygen plant; 4. Forests are natural silencers; 6. Forests can regulate the climate; 6. They can change the low-level airflow, prevent sandstorms, relieve floods, conserve water and soil; 7. Forests can remove dust and filter sewage; 8. Forest is the habitat of many animals and plants, and it is also the most fertile place on earth. With the rapid development of industrial and mining enterprises and the sharp increase of fossil fuels for human life, a certain amount of harmful gases are mixed in the polluted air, which poses a threat to human beings, among which sulfur dioxide is a widely distributed harmful gas. All living things have the ability to absorb sulfur dioxide, but the speed and ability of absorption are different. Plants have a huge leaf area and absorb more sulfur dioxide than other species. According to the measurement, the sulfur dioxide in forest air is less than that in open space 15-50%. If it is in high temperature and high humidity summer, with the vigorous physiological activity function of trees, the speed of forest absorbing sulfur dioxide will accelerate. When the relative humidity is above 85%, the speed of sulfur dioxide absorption by forests is 5- 10 times that when the relative humidity is 15%. Second, forests have natural epidemic prevention functions. Trees can secrete fungicides with strong lethality, kill germs and microorganisms in the air, and have a certain health care effect on human body. Some people have measured the content of bacteria in the air in different environments: 65,438+0,000 in parks where people walk, 30,000-40,000 in urban streets, and only 55 in forest areas. In addition, the bactericidal dose secreted by trees is also considerable. For example, a hectare of cypress forest can secrete 30 kilograms of bactericide every day, which can kill diphtheria, tuberculosis, dysentery and other germs. Third, the forest is a natural oxygen factory. Oxygen is the basic condition for human life. The human body is breathing oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide all the time. It is common sense that healthy people will not die if they don't eat or drink for three or two days, but will die if they lack oxygen for a few minutes. According to the literature, a person needs to inhale 0.8 kg of oxygen and expel 0.9 kg of carbon dioxide every day to survive. Forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide and release oxygen during their growth. According to research, for every 44 grams of carbon dioxide absorbed by trees, 32 grams of oxygen can be released; Leaves produce one gram of glucose through photosynthesis, which can consume all the carbon dioxide contained in 2500 liters of air. According to theoretical calculation, every cubic meter of wood grown in the forest can absorb about 850 kilograms of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. At the peak of tree growth, one hectare of broad-leaved forest can absorb one ton of carbon dioxide every day and produce 750 kilograms of oxygen. The data show that 10 square meter of forest or 25 square meters of grassland can absorb all the carbon dioxide that a person breathes and supply the required oxygen. It is true that trees also absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide at night, but the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled during the day is very large, almost 20 times that at night, compared with the side effects at night. On a global scale, forest green space can treat nearly 1000 billion tons of carbon dioxide for human beings every year, provide 60% clean oxygen for the air, and absorb suspended particles in the atmosphere, which has great ability to improve air quality; And can reduce greenhouse gases and thermal effects. Fourth, the forest is a natural muffler. With the development of transportation, especially in cities and towns, noise is more and more harmful to human beings. According to the research results, the noise is below 50 decibels, which has no effect on people; When the noise reaches 70 decibels, it will cause obvious harm to people; If the noise exceeds 90 decibels, people can't work for a long time. As a natural muffler, forest has a good anti-noise effect. Experiments show that parks or woodlands can reduce noise by 5-40 decibels, which is 5-25 decibels more than the natural attenuation effect of open spaces at the same distance from the sound source. The car tweeter can reduce the noise 10-20 decibels when it passes through the multi-level forest belt composed of lawns, shrubs and trees with a width of 40 meters, which is 4-8 decibels more than the natural attenuation effect in the open area. Planting trees on urban streets can also reduce noise by 7- 10 decibels. In order to have a good effect of noise reduction, there must be at least one forest belt with a width of 6 meters (crown) and a height of 15 meters in the city. The forest belt should not be too far away from the sound source, and it is generally between 6- 15 meters. 5. Forests can regulate climate. The dense forest canopy can absorb, scatter and reflect part of solar radiation energy in summer, thus reducing ground warming. Although most forest leaves will wither in winter, dense branches can still reduce the wind speed blowing across the ground ... >>
Question 7: How many forest resources are there on the earth? 1962, the forest area of the earth was reduced to 55 million square kilometers. In the 20th century, with the rapid increase of population, it has been reduced from 1975 to 26 million square kilometers, and the forest coverage rate is about 20%. For example, the forest coverage in Brazil has been reduced from 80% 400 years ago to 40%. Primitive forests in many places have disappeared. China's per capita forest area is only 40% of the world average, ranking 120 in the world. Only 20% of the virgin forests in the world are well preserved.
Timber smuggling is as serious as drug smuggling, weapons smuggling and wildlife smuggling.
The week from today is Beijing Bird Love Week, and people will associate birds with forests. Forest is one of the most important habitats for birds, and it also plays an important role in protecting our living environment. The vast forest is called "the lung of the earth", but the forest on the earth is facing an unprecedented crisis. Today, we pay attention to the forest.
■ Save the "lungs of the earth"
People who have recently renovated their houses will surely find that domestic solid wood is almost nowhere to be found in the building materials market, while imported solid wood floors are overwhelming. But people who decorated their houses two or three years ago can use a lot of domestic high-quality solid wood.
In fact, experts have long predicted this situation: since the emergency implementation of 1998 "natural forest protection project", large-scale logging has been banned, and the domestic timber output has dropped sharply. However, China's increasing demand for wood and forest products will inevitably increase imports from neighboring countries to make up for the demand. So China suddenly became the second largest timber importer in the world, second only to the United States.
At the same time, the voice of global forest resources emergency frequently appears in the media. The seventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 9 to 20 February 2004, also included forest protection as one of the topics. During the meeting, many environmental protection organizations paid attention to illegal logging and illegal timber trade.
Due to the shortage of wood resources and the intensification of illegal logging and trade, illegal logging has become an urgent problem facing global forestry. Experts believe that timber smuggling, drug smuggling, weapons smuggling and wildlife smuggling have been listed as the four most serious international smuggling crimes.
■ "The lungs of the earth" have been covered with spots.
Primitive forests are home to many terrestrial creatures on the earth. According to the data of the World Resource Center, only 20% of the existing virgin forests in the world are relatively complete, and the rest are destroyed to pieces.
Tropical rain forest:
Amazon forest is the largest tropical forest in the world, mainly distributed in Brazil and Peru. In the recent 10 years in the upper reaches of Peru, more than 6 million hectares of forests were destroyed by deforestation, and more than 1 100 million hectares of land in the country were desertified due to soil erosion. Brazil's Amazon rainforest contains more than half of the world's animal and plant species, and now 654.38 billion hectares of forest have been cut down.
International environmental experts have warned that if Brazil does not take active measures to save the Amazon rainforest, it will take 10 to 15 years to restore its original state, and mankind will lose this beautiful home.
Wood production in Africa is mainly concentrated in the Congo River basin in West Africa, with more than 2 million square kilometers of tropical rain forests, accounting for 1/4 of the total area of tropical rain forests in the world, making it the second largest tropical virgin forest in the world after the Amazon River basin. In recent years, the tropical rain forests in Africa have been severely damaged, which has led to an ecological crisis in Africa: desertification has been expanding, droughts have been raging periodically, and famine has spread, making Africa the poorest continent in economy.
The tropical rain forests in Asia are concentrated in Southeast Asian countries. In recent 10 years, the disappearance rate of tropical forests in Indonesia has increased by 10 times, and more than 2 million hectares of tropical rain forests have been destroyed every year.
The latest logging statistics are even more shocking: in 2000, Indonesia lost 3.8 million hectares of forest, twice as much as 1990, and the loss rate was six times that of the Brazilian Amazon basin. If the timber industry is not effectively controlled, the only remaining lowland forests in Indonesia will be destroyed in the next few decades. According to the current deforestation rate, Sumatra forest with the most biodiversity in Indonesia will disappear in 2005, and Kalimantan forest will cease to exist in 20 10.
Temperate virgin rainforest:
British Columbia, Canada, near the east coast of the Pacific Ocean, has a precious virgin forest-Great Bear Forest, which is the largest temperate virgin rainforest in the world, covering an area of 7 million hectares. 100 meter high towering ancient buildings ... >>
Question 8: What are the characteristics of forest resources in China? China's forest resources are the general name of the ecosystem formed by the interaction between biological communities with trees as the main body and abiotic environmental factors. It includes various types of woodlands, suitable woodlands and stands, sparse forests, scattered trees and animals, plants, landscapes and other resources in woodlands.
Main characteristics of China's forest resources:
1. Less per capita resources. The per capita forestland area is 0. 1 13 hectares, and the per capita forestland stock is 7.9 cubic meters, ranking below the world.
83 cubic meters per capita110.
2. The area of forestry land is large, but the utilization rate is low. The utilization rate of forest land is only 50.05%, while the forestry utilization rate in developed countries such as Germany and Japan is above 90%.
3. Uneven distribution of forest land has affected the exertion of various benefits. Woodlands are concentrated in the southeast of China, but rarely in the northwest. In northwest China, which accounts for 32.2% of the land area, the forest area accounts for only 6.7% of the whole country, and the standing stock is 7.7% of the whole country. The southeast is concentrated in the northeast and southwest, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Basin, which are densely populated and economically developed, are less distributed. Because most of the forests in southwest China are located in high mountains or deep valleys, it is difficult to transport, develop and utilize them, and 90% of them are mature and over-mature. Although the existing quantity is high, there are few recoverable resources. This distribution pattern of forests in China leads to "transporting timber from the north to the south" and "transporting timber from the east to the west", which not only increases the production cost of wood, but also weakens the overall protection function of forests.
4. Extensive forest management and low productivity. The average volume of forestland in China is 76.5 cubic meters per hectare, which is only 66.2% of the world average 1 15.5 cubic meters. The productivity of plantation is even lower, averaging 33 cubic meters per hectare.
The main problems in the development and utilization of forest resources in China are that the mature forest resources are decreasing day by day, and the recoverable resources are few, which can not meet the needs of national economic development, and the task of protecting and expanding forest resources is still very heavy; The utilization of forest resources cannot be left to its own devices, and quota logging must continue. (Excerpted from China Encyclopedia of Resources Science)