What are the details of Nuerhachi's unification of Jurchen?

From May (1583) to August (16 19) in the 11th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Nuerhachi, the leader of Jianzhou Jurchen, took revenge, and wars to unify the ministries of Jurchen continued one after another. \x0d\\x0d\ In the early Ming Dynasty, the jurchen scattered in Baishan and Heishui were gradually divided into Jianzhou, Haixi and Donghai (also known as "Savages") after a long period of war, migration and integration, and were under the jurisdiction of Nuer Tuo. Jurchen in Jianzhou mainly lived in the east of Fushun Pass (now Fushun East, Liaoning Province), north of Yalu River and south of Changbai Mountain in Ming Dynasty. Nuzhen in the East China Sea mainly lives in the northern foot of Changbai Mountain, along the Wusuli River and in the middle and lower reaches of Heilongjiang Province. Hercynian Nuzhen mainly lives in Songhua River and its upstream Huifa River, Wula River and Dongliao River basins. Jurchen ministries are intertwined, and their respective strengths are different, and they have been in a state of division for a long time. In addition, the differentiation policy of divide and rule and mutual restraint adopted by the Ming Dynasty further aggravated the scuffle between the ministries of the Jurchen nationality. In May of the 11th year of Wanli, Nuerhachi, the leader of Jianzhou Nuerhachi, took the 13 deputy left by his ancestors and started a 36-year unified war. Nurhachi adopted the strategy of "from the inside out", "from weak to strong" and "from far to near". First unify the state capital, then seize the East China Sea, and finally conquer the West Sea. \x0d\ The translation of the first volume (full style) of A Record of Manzhouli is as follows: \x0d\ At the time of chaos in various countries. In Manzhouli, the Suke River Protection Department, Hunhe Department, Yan Yan Department, Dong 'e Department, Chen Zhe Department, Changbai Mountain Yinna Department, Yalu River Department, Donghai Woji Department, Valka Department, Kuerka Department, Wula Department, Hada Department, Yehe Department and Huifa Department of Hulun State are like mushrooms after rain, and thieves and bandits are springing up, each arrogantly claiming to be Khan, Baylor, and adults, mainly in villages. \x0d\ There are three systems for the Jurchen recorded in a Manchu chronicle, namely, Manchukuo is the Jurchen of Jianzhou, Hulun is the Jurchen of Haixi, Donghai is a branch of the barbaric Jurchen, and the other is the Jurchen of Heilongjiang. If each system is divided into cadres, the number of people in each department is different and the geographical width is different. The population of these hundreds of tribal towns and villages is between 60,000 and 80,000. \x0d\ At this time, Nurhachi is only thirty, which can only be regarded as a small and weak department in Jianzhou Jurchen. Many ministers, such as a minister in Dong 'e, have 400 soldiers, a minister in Su's finishing department has 300 households, and another minister in Su's finishing department has 500 households. There are four divisions of Jurchen Hada, Wula, Yehe and Huifa in Haixi, and the number of horses is far more than that of Nurhachi. Wang Tai, the leader of Hada, once ruled thousands of miles, and all the ministries in Jianzhou were forced to submit to him. Yehebelle tried many times to corrupt and establish a country. \x0d\ How to get rid of the danger of being conquered is really a big problem in this sinister situation where competition is the mainstay, mergers are prevalent and enemies are made on all sides. Only Nurhachi, a 30-ton head, is left. As for the ministries, it is even more difficult to go to the sky. However, a miracle happened. In the past 30 years, this aspiring young man has defeated the heroes, completed the great cause of unifying the ministries of Jurchen that has not been completed for hundreds of years, and jumped to the throne of "inheriting the destiny of heaven and cultivating the wisdom and sweat of other countries" (referred to as Yingming Khan). \x0d\ The emergence of this miracle is not caused by fate or personal accidental factors, but by the rise of Nuzhen-Manchu. Nurhachi, as an outstanding leader of this nation, can conform to the trend of the times, be brave in making progress, adopt correct principles, policies and strategies, and command his own people, and work hard day after day for 30 years, so this inevitable result is in line with historical laws. \x0d\ Since the Yuan Dynasty, for more than 300 years, due to disunity and division, Nuzhen was successively transferred to the monarchs of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties and suffered oppression and exploitation. Ming Di and officials of civil and military affairs scoffed at Nuzhen, calling it "Dongyi", bullying and exploiting it in every way. Historical records record that I "despise the minister of Jurchen, bully him, punch him, and don't stand outside the door", and "if I don't stop trying, I will be bullied (for Jurchen). What's more, the Ming court carried out the policy of "divide and rule" on Jurchen, because "it is full of ten thousand people, so it can't be the enemy", and tried every means to hinder the unification of various parts of Jurchen and kill the leader who wanted to unify. One hundred and twenty-four years ago, the fifth ancestor of Nurhachi, the commander-in-chief of Jianzhou Zuo Wei, knew Dong Shan. Because of his bravery and good fighting, he despised the bullying of the Ming Dynasty and wanted to plunder people and animals. Together with Jianzhou Wei and Jianzhou Youwei, he plundered the border many times and was lured into the capital. The Ming army also conquered three measurements and wantonly burned, killed and looted. \x0d\ The vast number of Jurchen people suffered greatly from the Ming Dynasty and the weak separatist forces, and they earnestly hoped to be unified and powerful and get rid of the slavery of the Ming Dynasty. Nurhachi was ambitious, worked hard, complied with Nuzhen's wish, and laid a solid foundation for the realization of his goal. \x0d\ Nurhachi tried his best to recruit talents, reuse sages and treat heroes well, attracting many people with wit, loyalty and superb martial arts. As far as the "five ministers" who helped Khan manage politics, listen to lawsuits, and fight in unison are concerned, they are all brave and good at fighting, can bend the bow and strengthen ten stones, are good at winning more with fewer, and have numerous achievements and are invincible. " I have been a pioneer in the army for forty years and have never lost. "Fei Yingdong, both wise and brave, went out many times and made outstanding achievements, and was known as" ten thousand enemies ". For more than 30 years, every battle must be "first, the conflict is firm, and the front is invincible." "Anfei Yanggu, who repeatedly defeated enemy soldiers, conquered the city and won the title of' Shuowen Kuluo Batulu'. Hulhan and Heli are also brave and successful generals. In addition to the "five ministers", Yang Guli began to levy when he was a child. " Whoever ranks first breaks the enemy and is invincible. ""He has been marching for more than forty years, and he has fought many battles and made outstanding achievements. "Lausanne, Toulouse, Baduri, Lengri, Muska, Ashan, Wu Bai, etc. He is also a warrior with many battles and outstanding achievements. As far as civil servants are concerned, Erdene was sensitive since he was a child, proficient in Mongolian and Chinese, and came from various ministries in Mongolia. "Because of his local customs and language, he can declare his will and have him. "He followed Nurhachi's instructions, borrowed Mongolian initials, created Manchu, and established the whole state, which made indelible contributions to the establishment of the post-Xu Jin State and the accelerated formation of Manchu, and was hailed as an outstanding figure of a generation. Dahai became proficient in Chinese at the age of nine. He translated Su Shu, Ming Hui Dian, San lue and other Chinese classics, and added 12 prefixes around the old Manchu characters, making Manchu more perfect. He was called Xin Man and was popular in the late Jin Dynasty. These brave civil servants gathered under the command of Nurhachi and worked hard to implement the major policy of unifying the ministries of Jurchen. Eventually, the economy developed, the people became rich, the country became strong, and the military strength was greatly enhanced. \x0d\ Nurhachi adopted the correct policy of using troops, that is, "being kind, being obedient to virtue, and being hostile to the enemy". This is very consistent with the "heart is the best" in Sun Tzu's Art of War. There are three specific contents: one is to kill the rebels, and the captors are slaves. The editor who fell behind in the second line. For the Jurchen people, whether they were forced to submit to the siege, or failed in the war, the city fell and had to surrender, he gave them "kindness", compiled households, and did not fall into slavery or seize their wealth. They were originally Shen Zhu (Jurchen) and are still Shen Zhu. They used to be ministers and castellans, and most of them were granted official positions to govern their old subordinates. The third is the reward award. Under the influence of Nurhachi's invincible military power, it greatly promoted the submission of Nuzhen in various ministries. According to the Manchu genealogy of the Eight Banners, there are as many as 200 or 300 Nuzhen leaders in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces, which greatly speeds up the process of the unification of Nuzhen and reduces many unnecessary casualties and losses. \x0d\ Nurhachi's strategy is also superb in battle sequence, generally from near to far, from weak to strong first, gradually expanding, actively fighting for Mongolia, and trying to avoid premature confrontation with Ming. He first attacked and appealed to the nearby Nuzhen tribe in Jianzhou, and merged them into one, which led to the development from the original army of dozens of people to "thousands of Xiaoqi". On this basis, he first attacked Hada, the four parts of Haixi with fierce infighting and sharp decline in national power, then destroyed Wula and gained prosperity, and finally conquered Yehe, the strongest, and unified the ministries and parts of Jianzhou and Haixi. \x0d\ At the beginning of the army, Nurhachi was weak in Jurchen. Although he made his debut as the left-back commander of Jianzhou and avenged his father, he did not win the support of all the people. On the contrary, Nikan Wailan was sheltered by the ministries of Jianzhou and even some kindred castellans. Therefore, Nurhachi first set out to solve the internal division of statehood Zuo Wei. In the 12th year of Wanli (1584), in the first month, Zhao Jiacheng (now Zhao Jia Village, Xiayingzi, Xinbin, Liaoning) was conquered and Dai Li was captured. In June, Kemal Town (now near Madun Village, Xinbin, Liaoning Province) defeated Namuzhan, Samuzhan, Nash and Wan Jihan, basically consolidating its dominant position in Jianzhou Zuo Wei. With the strengthening of his power, he kept sending troops. In July, taking advantage of the civil strife in eastern Albania, he took Uruocheng and surrendered to the neighboring eastern Albania. At the beginning of 13th year (1585), he turned westward, defeated 400 allied troops from 5 villages including Maldun, Salhu and Balda at Tailangang (now Babaogou, Yingpan, Fushun, Liaoning), and killed Nash, the owner of Maldun village, and Bamuhe, the owner of Fan Jie village. In April, four men defeated eight hundred troops from Wuzhai and took control of Hunhe Department. In September, the city of Antugua, the protection department of Sukesu, was captured, and the city owner Nomo would be killed. In July of the following year, he attacked Tomohe City of Chen Zhe's department, seized Erhun City (now northeast of Hekoutai, Fushun, Liaoning Province) where Nikan Wailan lived, pursued Nikan Wailan, and conquered Sukesu Nursing Department. /kloc-in June of 0/5, he captured Keshan Village, killed Altai, the city owner, and conquered Chen Zhe's department. /kloc-in September of 0/6, Hongyan City was conquered, Morgan, the capital of the city, was beheaded, and Hongyan Department was subdued. After five years' campaign, Nurhachi conquered five regions of Jianzhou successively. /kloc-From the first month of 0/9, we moved eastward and captured Yalu River Road. At the end of 2 1 century, they successively conquered Zhusheli Road and Yin Na Road, and brought Changbai Mountain into their sphere of influence. Moreover, he sent troops to seize the East China Sea. As Nuerhachi officially promulgated the national policy in June of the 15th year of Wanli, calling himself Shule Baylor, it aroused the dissatisfaction of Nuzhen in Haixi. In September of the 21st year, just as Nurhachi led his troops eastward to conquer the ministries of Changbai Mountain, Buzhai, the leader of the Nuzhen Yehe Department of Haixi, joined forces with nine ministries including Wula, Huifa, Hada and Horqin of Mongolia to attack Jianzhou. The two sides fought in Guleshan. Nurhachi concentrated his forces, attacked its main force, defeated the Nine-Route Allied Forces, captured Buzhai, and captured Bubooth, the leader of Wula Department, alive, which laid the foundation for its unified war. Because the Haixi is powerful and difficult to conquer quickly, Nurhachi adopted the strategy of crossing Tomochika to attack, dividing and disintegrating, and breaking them one by one. While expressing deep obedience to the Ming court and friendship with North Korea and Mongolia, he focused on wooing the powerful Yehe Department and Wula Department. In July, 2004, Nurhachi returned to Buzhan, supported Buzhan as the leader of Wula, and married his sister. In the first month of the following year, he divorced the leaders of Yehe, Buyanggu and Jintai, and gradually isolated Hada Department and Huifa Department. In September 27, Nurhachi destroyed Hada Department and captured Mengglo on the grounds of betraying the alliance. In September of 35, Huifa Department was eliminated for the same reason. \ x0d \ x0d \ The jurchen in Haixi weakened, enabling Nurhachi to attack the East China Sea with all his might. From the first month of the 26th year of Wanli to November of the 43rd year, it continuously entered the East China Sea. Hu Ye Road, Nandu Road, Suifenhe River, Ningguta, Nimacha, Jalan, Urguchen, Mulun and Xilin were conquered. And captured the eastern city of Hekulun. The Kurka part of the East China Sea has also joined. In July of the forty-fourth year (the first year of the post-Jin Dynasty), Nurhachi first sent troops into the Sahalian area around Heilongjiang, Jingqili and Niumanhe, and captured 52 villages. By 1947, the East China Sea was basically conquered by it. \ x0d \ x0d \ With the successive conquest of the East China Sea by various ministries, Nurhachi turned to lead the army to conquer the Haixi. Since September of the thirty-fifth year of Wanli, Huifa Department has been eliminated, leaving only Yehe and Wula in Haixi. In September of forty years, Nurhachi led thirty thousand troops to conquer the Wula Department, conquer its six cities and destroy its grain depot in Tunzhai. In the first month of the following year, troops were sent again to conquer the city of Wula and destroy the department of Wula. In September, Ye He sent troops to attack Ye He, Kewusu and other 19 towns on the grounds that he was hiding the cloth booth of the leader of Wula Department. Just when Nurhachi was about to destroy Yehe Department, the Ming Dynasty intervened and directly sent troops to Yehe 2 City. Nuerhachi's unification war could not go on without the intervention of Ming Dynasty. So, from April of 1946, Nurhachi turned to the army to cut the Ming Dynasty. After several wars in Fushun, Qinghecheng, Salhu, Kaiyuan and Tieling, the military strength of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong suffered a devastating blow and Yehe was isolated. 1In August, 947, Nurhachi led an army to besiege the two cities in the east and west of Yehe Department, and conquered them in one fell swoop, killing the leaders of Yehe, Jintai and Buyanggu and destroying Yehe Department.