Guizhou Province, referred to as "Qian" or "Gui" for short, is located in the southwest hinterland of China, bordering on Chongqing, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan and Guangxi, and is the southwest transportation hub. World-famous mountain tourism destination and mountain tourism province, the first national big data comprehensive experimental zone, national ecological civilization experimental zone and inland open economy experimental zone. Jurisdiction over Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun, Bijie, tongren city, Liupanshui, Southwest Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Southeast Guizhou Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
Guizhou's topography is high in the west and low in the east, and it inclines from the middle to the north, east and south. The landform of the whole province can be summarized into four basic types: plateau, mountain, hill and basin. There are many plateau mountains, which are known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". It is the only province in China without plain support. It belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, mild spring breeze, abundant rainfall and both rain and heat.
Guizhou is one of the birthplaces of ancient humans, and many ancient human fossils and ancient cultural relics have been discovered. As early as 240 thousand years ago, human beings lived and multiplied, and now more than 80 stone age cultural sites have been discovered. Guanyindong Paleolithic Site was officially named "Guanyindong Culture", which is of great scientific value for studying the origin and development of Paleolithic Age in China.
Location context
Guizhou is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, between east longitude103 36' ~109 35' and north latitude 24 37' ~ 2913'. It borders Hunan in the east, Guangxi in the south, Yunnan in the west and Sichuan and Chongqing in the north, with a distance of about 595 kilometers from east to west. The total area of the province is 176 167 square kilometers, accounting for 1.8% of the total area of the country. ?
topography
Guizhou landform belongs to the mountainous area of southwest plateau in China. The territory is high in the west and low in the east. It slopes from the middle to the north, east and south, with an average elevation of about 1 100 meters. There are many mountains in Guizhou Plateau, which is known as "eight mountains, one water and one field". The landform of the whole province can be divided into four basic types: plateau, mountain, hill and basin, of which mountain and hill account for 92.5%. The territory is mountainous, mountainous and undulating, with high mountains and deep valleys. There is Dalou Mountain in the north, which is inclined from west to northeast in the north. The elevation of Loushan Pass, the key pass of Sichuan and Guizhou, is1444m. South-central Miao Ling spans, with the main peak Leigong Mountain 2178m above sea level. There is Wuling Mountain in the northeast, winding from Hunan to Guizhou, and the main peak, Fan Jingshan, is 2572 meters high. The towering Wumeng Mountain in the west belongs to Jiucaiping, Zhu Shi Township, Hezhang County, with an altitude of 2900.6 meters, which is the highest point in Guizhou.
Shuikou River in Diping Township, Liping County, Qiandongnan Prefecture, at the provincial boundary, is 147.8 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in China. The karst landform in Guizhou is very typical. The karst landform area is 109084 square kilometers, accounting for 6 1.9% of the total land area of the province. Karst is widely distributed in China, with complete morphological types and obvious geographical distribution, which constitutes a special karst ecosystem.
climate
Guizhou has a warm and humid climate, which belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate. The temperature doesn't change much, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the climate is pleasant. In 2002, the average annual temperature in Guiyang, the provincial capital, was 14.8℃, which was 0.3℃ higher than that in 20 16. From the perspective of the whole province, the average temperature in Leng Yue (65438+ 10) is usually 3℃ ~ 6℃, which is higher than other areas in the same latitude. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is generally 22℃ ~ 25℃, which is a typical cool area in summer. There is more precipitation, obvious rainy season, more cloudy days and less sunshine.
In 2002, Xingyi City had the most precipitation, which was1480 mm, among the nine cities. The least is Bijie City, which is 687.9mm ... The precipitation affected by monsoon is mostly concentrated in summer. The number of cloudy days in all parts of China generally exceeds 150 days, and the relative humidity is above 70% all the year round.
Affected by atmospheric circulation and topography, Guizhou has a diverse climate. "One mountain is divided into four seasons, and ten miles are different." In addition, the climate is unstable, there are many kinds of disastrous weather, and drought, autumn wind, freezing and hail occur frequently, which is very harmful to agricultural production.
hydrology
Rivers in Guizhou are located in the ecotone between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and 69 counties belong to the Yangtze River Shelterbelt Reserve, which is an important ecological barrier between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The water system of the whole province is divided into three parts: the west and the middle to the north, the east and the south.
Miaoling is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, belonging to the Yangtze River Basin in the north, with a basin area of 1 15747 square kilometers, accounting for 66. 1% of the province's land area. The main rivers are Wujiang River, Chishui River, Qingshui River, Hongzhou River, Wuyang River, Jinjiang River, Songtao River, Songkan River, Niulan River and Hengjiang River. South of Miaoling belongs to the Pearl River Basin, with a basin area of 60,420 square kilometers, accounting for 35.0% of the province's land area. The main rivers are Nanpanjiang, Beipanjiang, Hongshui River, Duliujiang River and Dagou River.
(Source: Baidu Encyclopedia: Guizhou Province)